• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.705-713
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• 2018

High-speed rail (HSR) has been in operation and development in many countries worldwide. The explosive growth of HSR has posed great challenges for operation safety and ride comfort. Among various technological demands on high-speed trains, vibration is an inevitable problem caused by rail/wheel imperfections, vehicle dynamics, and aerodynamic instability. Ride comfort is a key factor in evaluating the operational performance of high-speed trains. In this study, online monitoring data have been acquired from an in-service high-speed train for condition assessment. The measured dynamic response signals at the floor level of a train cabin are processed by the Sperling operator, in which the ride comfort index sequence is used to identify the train's operation condition. In addition, a novel technique that incorporates salient features of Bayesian inference and time series analysis is proposed for outlier detection and change detection. The Bayesian forecasting approach enables the prediction of conditional probabilities. By integrating the Bayesian forecasting approach with time series analysis, one-step forecasting probability density functions (PDFs) can be obtained before proceeding to the next observation. The change detection is conducted by comparing the current model and the alternative model (whose mean value is shifted by a prescribed offset) to determine which one can well fit the actual observation. When the comparison results indicate that the alternative model performs better, then a potential change is detected. If the current observation is a potential outlier or change, Bayes factor and cumulative Bayes factor are derived for further identification. A significant change, if identified, implies that there is a great alteration in the train operation performance due to defects. In this study, two illustrative cases are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method for condition assessment of high-speed trains.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.398-402
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• 2003

In this paper, a VCDRO(Voltage Control Dielectric Resonator Oscillator) applied to FMCW(Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave)Radar as stable source is implemented and constructed with a MESFET for low noise, a dielectric resonator of high frequency selectivity, and high Q varator diode to obtain a good phase noise performance and stable sweep characteristics. The designed circuits is simulated thrash harmonic balance simulation technique to provide the optimum performance. The measured result of a fabricated VCDRO shows that output is 2.22dBm at 12.05GHz, harmonic suppression -30dBc, phase noise -130dBc at 100kHz offset, and sweep range of varator diode $\pm$18.7MHz, respectively. This oscillator will be available to FMCW Radar.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.2A
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• pp.157-165
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• 2004

The synchronization algorithm of IEEE 802.11a WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network) has three consecutive processes, which use a short code training symbol, a long code training symbol and a pilot symbol respectively. But in using this synchronization processes, the actual embodiment has two problems. First, the synchronization process has the complex structure using a long code training symbol and a pilot symbol. Second, since the long training symbol is only compensated with the offset correction coefficient, it can not be trusted perfectly. If the equalizer coefficient is obtained in this unstable period, the system performance is degraded. In particular, the system performance becomes worst in case of the 54 Mbps transmission system using the maximum length of data. In this paper, the new algorithm is proposed which can resolve the embodiment complexity of synchronization processes and structural defect, and also it is confirmed by simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.134-134
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• 2012

We investigated the interface of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and C61-butyric acid methylester (PCBM) by using photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). These are the most widely used materials for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells due to their high efficiency. Study of the BHJ interfaces is difficult because the organic films are typically prepared by spin coating in ambient conditions. This is incompatible with the interface electronic structure probes such as PES, which requires ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Study of interface requires gradual deposition of thin films that is also incompatible with the spin coating process. In this work, we used electrospray vacuum deposition (EVD) technique to deposit P3HT and PCBM in high vacuum conditions. EVD allows us to form polymer thin films onto ITO substrate in a step-wise manner directly from solutions and to use PES without exposing the sample to the ambient condition. Although the morphology of the EVD deposited P3HT films observed by optical and atomic force microscopes is quite different from that of the spin coated ones, the valence region spectra were similar. PCBM was deposited on the P3HT film in a similar manner and the energy level alignment between these two materials was studied. We discuss the relation between Voc of P3HT:PCBM solar cell and HOMO-LUMO energy offset obtained in this study.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.232-240
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• 2017

Normal moveout correction is one of the main procedures of seismic reflection data processing and a crucial pre-processing step for AVO analysis. Unfortunately, stretch phenomenon, which is the intrinsic problem of NMO correction, degrades the quality of stack section and reliability of AVO analysis. Although muting is applied to resolve this problem, it makes far-offset traces more useful to develop an advanced NMO correction technique without stretch. In this paper, easy and detailed explanations are provided on the definition and methodology of NMO correction, and then the cause of stretch is explained with its characteristics. A graphical explanation for NMO correction is given for the intuitive understanding of stretch phenomenon. Additionally, the theoretical formulation is derived to quantitatively understand the NMO correction. Through explaining the muting process to remove NMO stretch, the limitations of conventional methods are investigated and the need for a new resolution comes to discussion. We describe a stretch-free NMO correction based on inverse theory among many different stretch-free NMO corrections. Finally, the stretch-free NMO correction is verified through synthetic example and real data.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics T
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• v.35T no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 1998

For the purpose of designing novel capacitance pressure sensor, several effects on sensitivity such as parasitic capacitance effects, temperature/thermal drift and leakage current have to be eleiminated. This paper proposed the experimental studies on frequency compensation method by electronic circuit technique, C-V converting method with switched capacitor and C-F converting method with schmitt trigger circuit. The third interface circuit by frequency compensation method is composed to eliminate the drift and leakage component by comparision sensing frequency with reference frequency. The signal transmission is realized by digital signal to minimize the influence of noise and high resolution is obtained by means of increasing the number of digital bits. In the fabricated high performance C-V interface, the offset voltage was not appeared, and in case of voltage source, 4.0V, feed back capacitance, 10㎊, the pressure, 0~10 ㎪, the sensitivity of C-V converter is 28 ㎷/㎪.V, the temperature drift characteristic, 0.051 %F.S./$^{\circ}C$ and C-F converter shows -6.6 Hz/pa, 0.078 %F.S./$^{\circ}C$ respectively, relatively good ones.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.8
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• pp.64-72
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• 2010

This paper presents a wide range VCO with fine coarse tuning step using a sigma-delta modulation technique for UWB frequency synthesizer. The proposed coarse tuning scheme provides the low effective frequency resolution without any degradation of phase noise performance. With three steps coarse tuning, the VCO has wide tuning range and fine tuning step simultaneously. The frequency synthesizer with VCO was implemented with 0.13 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology. The tuning range of the VCO is 5.8 GHz~6.8 GHz with the effective frequency resolution of 3.9 kHz. It achieves the measured phase noise of -108 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and a tuning range 16.8 % with 5.9 mW power. The figure-of-merit with the tuning range is -181.5 dBc/Hz.

• Journal of Semiconductor Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Handling precise timing in high-speed transceivers has always been a primary design target to achieve better performance. Many different approaches have been tried, and one of those is utilizing the beneficial nature of injection locking. Though the phenomenon was not intended for building integrated circuits at first, its coupling effect between neighboring oscillators has been utilized deliberately. Consequently, the dynamics of the injection-locked oscillator (ILO) have been explored, starting from R. Adler. As many aspects of the ILO were revealed, further studies followed to utilize the technique in practice, suggesting alternatives to the conventional frequency syntheses, which tend to be complicated and expensive. In this review, the historical analysis techniques from R. Adler are studied for better comprehension with proper notation of the variables, resulting in numerical results. In addition, how the timing jitter or phase noise in the ILO is attenuated from noise sources is presented in contrast to the clock generators based on the phase-locked loop (PLL). Although the ILO is very promising with higher cost effectiveness and better noise immunity than other schemes, unless correctly controlled or tuned, the promises above might not be realized. In order to present the favorable conditions, several strategies have been explored in diverse applications like frequency multiplication, data recovery, frequency division, clock distribution, etc. This paper reviews those research results for clock multiplication and data recovery in detail with their advantages and disadvantages they are referring to. Through this review, the readers will hopefully grasp the overall insight of the ILO, as well as its practical issues, in order to incorporate it on silicon successfully.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2010

This paper presents a low-power, wide tuning range VCO with automatic two-step negative-Gm calibration loop to compensate for the process, voltage and temperature variation. To cover the wide tuning range, digital automatic negative-Gm tuning loop and analog automatic amplitude calibration loop are used. Adaptive body biasing (ABB) technique is also adopted to minimize the power consumption by lowering the threshold voltage of transistors in the negative-Gm core. The power consumption is 2 mA to 6mA from a 1.2 V supply. The VCO tuning range is 2.65 GHz, from 2.35 GHz to 5 GHz. And the phase noise is -117 dBc/Hz at the 1 MHz offset when the center frequency is 3.2 GHz.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1364-1370
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• 2019

Tilt sensors are mainly used to measure the collapse of structures such as buildings, bridges and tunnels. Recently, due to the ease of use and low price, many tilt sensors using MEMS sensors have been used, but the measurement angle range is limited, and thus, they do not have high precision for 360 degree. This is due to the inherent offset and scale errors of MEMS sensors. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm for the calculation of precision angles to reduce the mechanical error of MEMS sensors, and produced a MEMS sensor module and a transmission module to compare the angle accuracy of sensor modules before calibration and the angle measurement accuracy after calibration. Experimental results show that the proposed technique has a precision of ± 0.015 degrees for all 360-degree.