• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.645-653
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• 2014

A Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System (hereafter 'BNWAS') is to monitor and detect if an officer of watch(hereafter 'OOW') keeps a sharp lookout on the bridge. The careless lookout of an OOW could lead to marine accidents. For this reason on June 5th, 2009, IMO decided that a ship is equipped with a BNWAS. However, an existing BNWAS gives the OOW a lot of inconvenience and stress in its operation. It requires that the OOW should press reset buttons to confirm their alert watch on the bridge at every three to twelve minute. Many OOWs have complained that at some circumstances they cannot focus on their bridge activities including watch-keeping due to a lots of resetting inputs of BNWAS. Accordingly, IMO has allowed the use of a motion sensor as a resetting device. The motion sensor detects the movements of human body on the bridge and subsequently sends reset signals directly to BNWAS automatically. As a result, OOWs can work uninterrupted. However, some of classification societies and flag authorities have a slightly different stance on the use of motion sensor as a resetting method for BNWAS. The reason is that the motion sensor may trigger false reset signals caused by the motion of objects on the bridge, especially a slight movement such as toss and turn of human body which can extend the period of careless watch. As a basic study to minimize the false reset signals, this paper proposes a simple configuration of BNWAS, which consists of only three motion sensors associated with 'AND' and 'OR' logic gates. Additionally, several considerations are also proposed for the implementation of motion sensors. This study found that the proposed configuration which consists of three motion sensors is better than an existing one by reducing false reset signals caused by a slight movement of human body in one's sleep. The proposed configuration in this paper filters false reset signals and is simple to be implemented on existing vessels. In addition, it can be easily installed just by a basic electrical knowledge.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2016

본 연구는 인적오류 예방을 위해 선박 충돌위험 가능성이 높은 여섯 가지 선박조우상황(Head on, $045^{\circ}$, $090^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$, Overtaking, Overtaken)에 대해서 양 선박의 거리가 점차 감소될 때 항해 당직자가 느끼는 충돌위기체감지수(Collision Risk Perception Index, CRPI)를 획득하고 통계분석을 통하여 신뢰도분석 및 가설을 검증한 후 곡선근사과정을 통해 다항 계수로 모델링하는 것이 목적이다. 해상에서 실제 경비함 두 척과 항해당직 승조원 총 30명을 대상으로 CRPI 데이터 획득 실험을 하였으며 데이터 분석결과 각 조우상황에서 높은 신뢰도를 나타냈고 유의미한 결과를 나타냈다. 또한 타 선박 조우시 양 선박간 거리가 가까워지는 상황에서 항해당직자의 승선경력과 연령이 많고, 상위면허를 보유 할수록 CRPI에 음(-)의 영향을 미친다는 것을 알았다. 또한 3차 다항식 모델로 CRPI를 추정한 결과 평균제곱오차(RMSE)는 Head on에서 1.19, $045^{\circ}$에서 0.87, $090^{\circ}$에서 0.81, $135^{\circ}$에서 0.71, Overtaking에서 1.29, Overtaken에서 0.87로 나타나서 CRPI 곡선근사가 유용함을 알았다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2019

항해 중인 함정은 늘 충돌 가능성이 존재하지만 충돌회피를 위한 명확한 기동지침은 없고 함교 당직사관의 직관적 판단에 의존하는 경향이 있다. 본 연구에서는 항해 중인 함정이 방위끌림이 없는 장애물을 조우하는 상황에서 함교 당직사관을 대상으로 언제 어떻게 충돌을 회피하는지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문 결과를 활용하여 방위끌림이 없는 장애물 조우 상황, 주·야간 충돌 회피 방법을 분석하였다. 조함이 까다로운 지역은 평택, 목포 순이었고, 주로 협수로 내에서 발생하였다. 빈도는 4시간 항해 시 평균 1회 정도로 나타났으며, 1:1 조우 상황보다 다수 선박 조우가 많았다. 충돌침로 확인 시 전자해도보다 육안 확인 결과를 더 신뢰하였고, 충돌회피 고려 요소로 최단 접근거리, 최단 접근시간을 우선시하였다. 피항의무선과 침로유지선의 충돌회피 기동상 특별한 차이는 없었지만 주·야간 시 최단 접근거리의 차이는 존재했다. 충돌회피 시 대부분의 항해사들은 변침·변속을 함께 사용하는 것을 선호하며 타각 10~15°, 변속 ±5knots, 변침침로는 타함 함미 정방향에서 함미 가중치를 두었다. 이러한 결과들은 승조원들에게 부임 함정의 충돌 회피 기준을 제공하는데 도움이 될 것이며 나아가 AI, 빅데이터 기반의 무인함정 충돌회피 알고리즘 개발에도 적용될 것이다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 Asia Navigation Conference
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• pp.63-70
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• 2006

Now AIS (Automatic Identification System) has been under full operation for ocean-going vessels, and it is expected not only to identify target ships but also to take collision avoidance using AIS information with Radar and ARFA information in restricted waters. AIS information is very useful not only for target identifications but also for taking collision avoidance, but OOW (Officer OF Watch-keeping) should take care of systematic observation of AIS because of miss-operation or malfunction of AIS. In this paper, we propose the application of Onboard Ship Handling Simulator with visual system displayed 3D scene added AIS performance such as blind areas of Island, microwave propagation, ok. and maneuvering simulation using TK models, applied real time AIS information and research the effectiveness of this system for ship handling in restricted waters, and discus the principal issues through the on board experiments. Conclusion will be expected that; 1) systematic observation of ASS information using visual scene simulator with AIS information will be effectively done, 2) observation compared with Radar and ARPA information will be also useful to make a systematic observation, 3) using the recording and replay function of simulation will be useful not only for systematic observation but also to measure and to encourage officers' skill.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2008

This paper describes on the consolidation of AIS and ARPA radar positions by comparing the AIS and ARPA radar information for the tracked ship targets using a PC-based ECDIS in Busan harbor, Korea. The information of AIS and ARPA radar target was acquired independently, and the tracking parameters such as ship's position, COG, SOG, gyro heading, rate of turn, CPA, TCPA, ship s name and MMSI etc. were displayed automatically on the chart of a PC-based ECDIS with radar overlay and ARPA tracking. The ARPA tracking information obtained from the observed radar images of the target ship was compared with the AIS information received from the same vessel to investigate the difference in the position and movement behavior between AIS and ARPA tracked target ships. For the ARPA radar and AIS targets to be consolidated, the differences in range, speed, course, bearing and distance between their targets were estimated to obtain a clear standards for the consolidation of ARPA radar and AIS targets. The average differences between their ranges, their speeds and their courses were 2.06% of the average range, -0.11 knots with the averaged SOG of 11.62 knots, and $0.02^{\circ}$ with the averaged COG of $37.2^{\circ}$, respectively. The average differences between their bearings and between their positions were $-1.29^{\circ}$ and 68.8m, respectively. From these results, we concluded that if the ROT, COG, SOG, and HDG informations are correct, the AIS system can be improved the prediction of a target ship's path and the OOW(Officer of Watch) s ability to anticipate a traffic situation more accurately.