• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2008년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.7-10
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• 2008

Heat release characteristics of live fire load are an important parameter for performance oriented fire safety design of a building. While investigations have been carried out on the fire load and its burning behavior in office, residential and commercial buildings and so on, little effort has been paid for the rational treatment of fire load in post office buildings in Japan. In this report, burning behavior of typical combustible objects in post office buildings are studied by measuring heat release rates of plastic palettes with and without postal envelopes or packages and special containers loading numbers of palettes. The test results suggest that dynamic heat release rate is highly dependent on the condition of palettes especially if they load appropriate amount of postal envelopes or not.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2001

This study is to examine the emission quantity of $CO_2$ gas as the environmental load in office buildings. After the investigation of monthly consumption of each energy source(electricity and natural gas), it is analyzed that the $CO_2$ emission quantity of 34 office buildings surveyed is 22.4 kg-c/$m^2$-year, which consists of 17.5 kg-c/$m^2$-year by consurunlelectncif. and 4.9 kg-c/$m^2$-year by consuming natural gas. And the $CO_2$ emission quantity of each load in those buildings consists of 68% emitted by general electricity, 16% by cooling load and 16% by beating load. It is also proposed that the $CO_2$ emission quantity of cooling and heating load is profoundly pertinent to the variation of outdoor temperature.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.244-249
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• 1999

This study is to examine the emission rate of $CO_2$gas as the environmental load in office buildings. After the investigation of monthly consumption of each energy source(electricity and natural gas), it is analyzed that the $CO_2$emission rate of 34 office buildings surveyed is 22.4kg-$c/m^2$.year, which consists of 17.5kg-$c/m^2$.year by consuming electricity, and 4.9kg-$c/m^2$.year by consuming natural gas. And the $CO_2$emission rate of each load in those buildings consists of 68% emitted by general electricity, 16% by cooling load and 16% by heating load. It is also proposed that the $CO_2$emission rate of cooling and heating load is profoundly pertinent to the variation of outdoor temperature.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.103-107
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• 2008

전국에 분포되어 있는 중 대형규모의 우체국수는 160국으로 우체국 건물의 에너지 절약 차원에서 건물 설비를 효율적으로 관리하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 우체국 건물의 에너지 소비현황과 운용실태를 조사 분석하였으며, 보다 효율적인 건물관리를 위해서는 시스템, 조직, 인력, 운영 등을 유기적으로 통합 관리 할 수 있는 방안이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 우체국건물의 자원을 통합, 그룹 관리하는 방안으로 인터넷을 이용한 군관리시스템 구축방안을 제시하였으며, 군관리시스템 적용 시 기대되는 경제적 효과를 분석하였다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.549-553
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• 2015

For successful outcome of real estate development projects, it is important to understand the potential tenants as they drive the demand for properties. The aim of this study is to investigate tenant characteristics of the Australian green office building sector. The specific objectives are to; (1) compare and contrast the increment trend of green buildings within the green office building sector; (2) identify the tenancy profile of green buildings; (3) ascertain the possible industry concentrations within the current green building sector; and (4) explore the relationship between green building occupants' characteristics and their tenancy. Descriptive statistics shows that Finance, Insurance and Real Estate (FIRE) industries along with government owned companies are the major tenants of green office buildings in the NSW State of Australia. In particular, real estate companies occupy more than half of the NSW based green office buildings whilst one third of them are the tenants of the 6-star rated buildings - the highest rated building in the current form of Australian Green Star accreditation scheme.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.4992-4998
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• 2015

이 연구의 목적은 기존건물을 전용하는 군청사는 어느 정도 차지하는지, 전용한 군청사의 건축적 특성은 무엇인지, 군청사 기능에 맞게 증개축하는 경우 그 양상을 고찰하는 것이다. 군청사 관련 디지털 도면자료, 해제와 더불어 조선총독부와 각 도 사이에 오고간 문서와 신문 잡지의 기사 도면 사진 등을 발굴 분석하는 문헌연구방법을 사용한다. 군청사로 전용된 건물은 조선과 대한제국의 지방관립시설, 대한제국기 군청사, 용도를 알 수 없는 건물로 나뉜다. 전용 건물을 군청사의 위상과 기능에 적합하게 개축할 때는 방을 구획하는 벽을 털어내 큰 방을 만들고 접수대를 놓아 직원의 업무공간과 민원인의 대기공간으로 구분했고, 증축은 전면 중앙에 작은 돌출현관을 내달고 간단한 양식 목조의 부속가를 본가의 뒤나 옆에 신축하고 외부연결복도로 이었다. 전용 군청사가 전체 군의 약 30%로 많고 전국에 걸쳐 있었는데, 그 57%가 나중에 신축되는데 절반은 1930년대 전반기 신축되고 이후 급감한다.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2014

This paper examines the climatic and technical feasibilities of zero energy buildings in Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore and Riyadh. Annual and seasonal energy demands of office buildings of various scales in the above cities were compared. Using optimally tilted rooftop PV panels, solar energy production potentials of the buildings were estimated. Based on the estimates of onsite renewable energy production and building energy consumption, the energy self-sufficiencies of the test buildings were assessed. The economic feasibilities of the PV systems in the four locations were analyzed. Strategies for achieving zero energy buildings are suggested.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2002년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.301-306
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• 2002

In Japan, the vacancy rates of office buildings have been at high in big cities since 1992. This problem is especially acute in Tokyo, where it is estimated that over 2.27 million square meters of office floor area will be oversupplied in 2003: big urban redevelopment projects will be completed in 2003. Under these circumstances, International Cooperative Research and Development on Sustainable Urban Management by Conversion of Buildings, called “SUMCOB”, has been carried out. This research aims to regenerate urban areas by converting redundant offices into flats, although instances of conversion are still very few in Japan. This paper introduces part of current results by SUMCOB, and discusses legal problems with conversion and basic capacity of vacant offices in Tokyo. It has been confirmed that there are no constraints concerned with Real Estate Registration Law (although it requires the change of the registration after conversion). and City Planning Law. However, some criteria are incompatible with Building Standard Law and Fire Service Law if the use of the building is changed from offices to flats. Typical incompatibility between offices and flats is lightening. If the buildings do not satisfy criteria for flats, the cost of renovation works for conversion will increase. To examine the basic capacity of vacant office buildings for conversion, field surveys in Tokyo have carried out at three areas: Kodenmacho (Chuo-ku), Toranomon (Minato-ku), and Iwamonocho (Chiyoda-ku). They are typical office areas that are included in center core of Tokyo. In Chuo-ku, the oldest commercial area in Tokyo, textile merchants have been located their headquarters. In Minato-ku, many rental office buildings have been located and several large scale redevelopments are advancing. Chiyoda-ku includes Marunouchi area, which is the prime office area in Japan. Thirty percent of the buildings in survey areas suffer from over twenty percent vacant floor rate, and fifty five percent were constructed before 1990. Especially most of buildings over forty percent vacant floor rate were constructed in 1980s. Vacant office problems haven't been seen in old buildings in Tokyo yet. The number of dwelling units made from office space will influence the conversion scheme. Seventy percent of the office buildings in survey areas have floor area of less than two hundred square meters. If they have been subdivided into two bedrooms type or three bedrooms type, the number of dwelling units in a floor would be less than three. The difficulty of conversion planning derives from frontage size, depth size, and their proportion. The five categories are proposed to grasp actual requirements for converting offices into flats.

• 부동산연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.49-64
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• 2018

본 연구는 서울시 오피스 건물을 대상으로 친환경 건축물 인증등급이 오피스의 가격과 비용에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 건축물들의 매매가격을 다중회귀 분석을 통해 규명하였다. 또한 친환경 인증등급이 높은 경우에 어느 정도의 환경부하비용이 저감되는지를 분석하기 위해 LCC(Life Cycle Cost) + LCA(Life Cycle Assessment) 분석을 실시하였다. 실증분석 결과, 친환경 인증등급이 높을수록 업무용 오피스 가격에 유의한 양의 영향을 준 것으로 나타났다. 또한 LCC 분석에서는, 친환경 인증등급을 높게 받은 건물이 그렇지 않은 건물보다 적은 생애비용이 드는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 친환경 인증등급을 높게 받은 오피스 건물이 그렇지 않은 건물보다 환경부하비용(LCA)이 적게 든다는 것을 확인하였다. LCC와 LCA를 통합한 TCA 분석에서는 친환경 인증등급을 높게 받은 건물이 그렇지 않은 건물보다 적은 사회적 총비용을 나타냈다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2013

This paper proposes a framework for understanding the energy consumption differences between tall and low-rise buildings. Energy usage data from 706 office buildings in New York illustrates expected correlations from the framework. Notable correlations include: taller buildings tend to use more energy until a plateau at 30~39 floors; tall buildings in Manhattan use 20% more energy than low-rise buildings in Manhattan, while tall buildings outside Manhattan use 4% more energy than low-rise buildings outside Manhattan. Additional correlations are discussed, among which is the trend that the Energy Star program in New York City assigns higher ratings to tall buildings with higher EUIs than low-rise buildings with the same EUI. Since Energy Star is based on regressions of existing buildings, the Energy Star ratings suggest taller buildings have higher EUIs than shorter buildings, which is confirmed by the New York City energy benchmarking data.