• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2024

In 2023, symptoms like damping-off disease were observed in 74 paprika growing in greenhouses in Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea. In this study, we tried to find the cause of the damping-off disease outbreak. We collected symptomatic seedlings and observed the typical crescent-shaped conidia of Fusarium oxysporum by microscope. To confirm the presence of F. oxysporum in the samples, polymerase chain reaction was performed using primers specific for F. oxysporum; the resulting sequence showed 99.11% identity with F. oxysporum. To confirm the pathogenicity of the F. oxysporum (CW) isolated from the samples, healthy paprika plants were inoculated with F. oxysporum CW and damping-off symptoms were observed 2 weeks later. To investigate whether the damping-off disease outbreak in Cheorwon-gun was caused by F. oxysporum-contaminated seeds, 100 paprika seeds were disinfected and placed in Murashige and Skoog medium. Typical pink F. oxysporum hyphae were found only in control non-disinfected seeds. An 18S rRNA-based and a TEF genebased phylogenetic analysis showed that the F. oxysporum CW isolate was not grouped with a F. oxysporum isolate reported from Cheorwon-gun in 2019. This study is the first report that an outbreak of damping-off disease in paprika in Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, was caused by contamination of F. oxysporum seeds.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.364-381
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• 2006

Strategies for regional development has been implemented by facilitating the cultural industry since the mid 1990s. The government of Gyeongbuk attempted to establish the cluster of cultural industries and to enhance the capability of cultural industries. However, infrastructure of the industries is still weak. The most cultural industries are small-sized enterprises and are in low value-added production link in the value chain. This research examines the situation of cultural industries and then to recommend the direction of cluster of cultural industries in Gyeongbuk. The cluster of cultural industries in Gyeongbuk needs to be decentralized integration. Cultural industries in Gyeongbuk are found in dispersed regions with own cultural and industrial characteristics. The hub of cluster of cultural industries should be formulated to promote network among cultural industrial complexes in dispersed regions; thus, the hub is able to provide knowledge and information for the cultural industrial firms in Gyeongbuk. The supporting center as the hub of cluster has to input more energy to establish the on-line and off-line network among firms, and between firms and innovation agencies such as universities, cultural industrial organizations, and local governments. The cultural industrial cluster should be linked with IT cluster in Gumi and cluster of Daegu cultural industries to upgrade the value chain of cultural industries.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.87-94
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• 2022

This paper seeks to raise inflection points of battery manufacturing bases in Korea in the V4 region through the reorganization of new industrial technologies in accordance with ESG. As a result, the global supply chain market is cut off. The Russian-Ukraine war and the U.S.-China hegemony are competing in the economic crisis caused by COVID-19. It is showing diversification of new suppliers in an environment where mineral, grain procurement, gas, and even wheat imports from China and Russia are not possible. As a protective glocal, this area is used as a buffer zone(Pro-Russia, Hungary). to an isolated zone(anti-Russia, Poland) by war. In this paper, economic growth is expected to slow further due to the EU tapering period and high inflation in world countries. Due to these changes, the conversion of new tech industry and the contraction of Germany's structure due to energy supply may lose the driving force for economic growth over the past 20 years. This is caused by market disconnection(chasm) in the nominal indicators in this area. On the other hand, Korea should actively develop into the V4 area as an energy generation export (nuclear and electric hydrogen generation) area as a bypass development supply area due to the imbalance in the supply chain of rare earth materials that combines AI. By linking this industry, the energy platform can be scaled up and reliable supply technology (next generation BT, recycling technology) in diversification can be formed in countries around the world. This paper proves that in order to overcome the market chasm caused by the industries connection, new energy development and platform size can be achieved and reliable supply technology (next-generation battery and recycling technology, Low-cost LFP) can be diversified in each country.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

The degradation of off-flavors which is 2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin by means of ultrasound (US) and pulsed ultraviolet (PUV) irradiation and its combination with catalyst (wire mesh, wire mesh coated TiO₂, and TiO₂) and additive (H₂O₂) were investigated via water system. A combination treatment of TiO₂ and H₂O₂ heterogeneity with US (24 kHz) and PUV (6000 W) has shown improved results in destroying 2-MIB and geosmin, which may be attributed to chain reactions by the enhanced formation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) through H₂O₂ dissociation and reactive oxide ions of TiO₂ addition. Rapid degradation of off-flavors occurred within 2 min under PUV process with H₂O₂ 100 mg/L (81.5% for 2- MIB; 79.3% for geosmin) and TiO₂ 100 mg/L (83.7% for 2-MIB; 79.8% for geosmin), while compared with H2O2 100 mg/L (58.4% for 2-MIB; 58.0% for geosmin) and TiO₂ 100 mg/L (59.2% for 2-MIB; 38.5% for geosmin) within 5 min under US process. Surprisingly, the emphasis was given on the comparison with the same injected energies between PUV and US on degradation efficiency. Based on the injected energy comparison, the US provided better degradation performance under equal input power of 200 kJ with H₂O₂ 100 mg/L, while compared with H₂O₂ 100 mg/L under PUV process. Our findings suggest that US can be more effective compared to PUV for the degradation of off-flavors in aspect of energy consumptions.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.18D no.5
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• pp.371-384
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• 2011

This paper considers logistics decision support system which deals with transportation mode selection considering transportation and carbon emission cost. Transportation and carbon emission costs vary with the choice of transportation modes and to become competitive companies need to find proper transportation modes for their logistics services. However, due to the restricted capacity of transportation modes, it is difficult to balance transportation and carbon emission costs when designing logistics network including transportation mode choice for each service. Therefore this paper aims to analyze the trade-off relationship between transportation and carbon emission cost in mode selection of intermodal transportation and to provide optimal green logistics strategy. In this paper, the logistics decision support system is designed based on mixed integer programming model. To understand the trade-off relationship of transportation and carbon emission cost, the system is tested with various scenarios including transportation of containers between Seoul and Busan. The analysis results show that, even though sea transportation combined with trucking is competitive in carbon emission per unit distance travelled, the total cost of carbon emission and transportation for the sea transportation may not have competitive advantage over other transportation modes including rail and truck transportation modes. The sea-based intermodal logistics service may induce detours which have negative impacts on the overall carbon emission. The proposed logistics decision support system is expected to play key role in green logistics and supply chain management.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.267-276
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of phytosterol ester addition on lowering blood cholesterol in cholesterol-reduced Cheddar cheese. For cholesterol removal, separated cream was treated with 10% ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin at 800 rpm, then blended with remaining skim milk and homogenized with 1,000 psi at $70^{\circ}C$. Experimental cheeses were manufactured by five different levels of phytosterol addition. After the cholesterol reduction process by ;${\beta}$-cyclodextrin, the cholesterol removal rate was in the range of 91.0 to 92.1%. Amount of short-chain free fatty acid and free amino acids increased with an increase of phytosterol ester, and those were significantly different from that of control in all ripening periods. All rheological properties also increased with an increase of phytosterol ester during ripening period. In sensory analysis, the scores of rancid, bitterness Cheddar flavor and off-flavor intensities increased significantly, while texture was decreased during ripening in phytosterol ester-added groups. Total blood cholesterol was reduced by 18% when rats were fed Cheddar cheese treated with 8% phytosterol. The present study indicated that phytosterol ester addition resulted in a profound lowering effect of blood with cholesterol-reduced Cheddar cheese.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.28 no.A
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• pp.141-147
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• 2008

Several contaminated bacteria such as Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus damnosus in beer production cause beer spoilage by producing off flavours and turbidity. Detection of these organisms is complicated by the strict anaerobic conditions and lengthy incubation times required for their cultivation, consequently there is a need for more rapid detection methods. Recently, two contaminated strains were isolated from vessel of beer production and identified as Lactobacillus species by API kit identificaton as well as 16S-23S ITS sequencing analyses. Two isolated strains were named as Lactobacillus sp. HLA1 and Lactobacillus HLB2, respectively. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed for the rapid and specific detection of Lactobacillus sp.. Two sets of primer pairs (HLA1-F/HLA1-R and HLB2-F/HLB2-R) were designed for the amplification of a 1576 base pair (bp) fragment of the HLA1 16S-23S rRNA gene and 1888 bp fragement of the HLB2 16S-23S rRNA. Amplified PCR products were highly specific to detect corresponding bacteria when other contaminated strains were used as PCR templates. However, detection of both strains were limited when $100{\mu}{\ell}$ of cultured samples were mixed with $100m{\ell}$ of beer sample in arbitrary manner. The sensitivity of the assay still needs to be improved for direct detection of the small amounts of bacteria present in beer.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.201-210
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• 2018

High expectations are posed on the blockchain-based internet of things (IoT), in which IoT and blockchain technology is combined to obtain trust in the Internet, where trust appears impossible to obtain. However, applications of current blockchain-based IoT technology to real-world scenarios appears to be significantly more difficult owing to limitations regarding scalability and security. In this paper, the difficulties to implement blockchain networking technologies for IoT and digital businesses are investigated and practical solutions such as sharding, off-chain, de-idetification and P2P crypto-currency exchange are explored. In further work, a blockchain platform for IoTs which provides scalability and security will be implemented according to this research results, and compared with conventional blockchain platforms.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 2012

Recently, as the clouding computing begins to receive a great attention from people all over the world, it became the most popular buzz word in recent IT magazines or journal and heard it in many different services or different fields. However, a notion of the cloud service is defined vaguely compared to increasing attentions from others. Generally the cloud service could be understood as a specific service model base on the clouding computing, but the cloud, the cloud computing, the cloud computing service and cloud service, these four all terms are often used without any distinction of its notions and characteristics so that it's difficult to define the exact nature of the cloud service. To explore and analyze the cloud service systematically, an accurate conception and scope have to be preceded. Therefore this study is to firstly clarify its definition by Delpi method using expert group and then tries to provide the foundation needed to enable relative research such as establishing business model or value chain and policies for its activation to set off. For the Delpi, 16 experts participated in several surveys from different fields such industry, academy and research sector. As a result of the research, Characteristics of the Cloud Service are followings : Pay per use, Scalability, Internet centric Virtualization. And the scope as defined including Grid Computing, Utility Computing, Server Based Computing, Network Computing.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2010

The competitive strategies of the Korean manufacturing companies have changed from the "cost leadership" strategy in the early developing stage since 1960's to the "stuck in the middle" position since 1990's in the face of emerging new cost leaders as the Chinese companies. The data on the strategic contents of the Korean manufacturing companies show that their strategies are seeking the value innovation through not only quality improvement but also cost reduction altogether rather than selecting one on the trade-off relation between the both competitive dimensions. Their strategic actions seem to be seeking the operational efficiencies through all the value chain activities rather than the strategic effectiveness by selecting and focusing on the specific competitive dimension, which is considered as a typical strategic approach. Their strategy seems to be non-strategic in the general sense. But their non-strategically looking behaviors can be reasonable enough for their sandwiched competitive position between the global quality leaders and following cost leaders. This paper explains why their strategies can be right through the theoretical explanations by using the quality-price elasticity approaches for the consumer behaviors. We can call their strategic activities as the value innovation strategy.