• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제63권9호
• /
• pp.1192-1198
• /
• 2014

With an increase in the penetration of offshore wind farm, the need of an accurate economic evaluation of offshore wind farm has become crucial. This paper presents an economic evaluation method of offshore wind farm in Korea reflecting the cost of offshore wind farm infrastructure (offshore substation, submarine cable and foundation) in its cost model. Each cost of offshore substation, submarine cable, and foundation is represented as a function of installed capacity, distance to shore, and water level, respectively. We have applied the method to the case study of offshore in Jeju Island and analyzed the economics under various conditions. The results show that the distance to shore is of importance in economics of offshore wind farm.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2012

Predictions of wind speed for six different near-shore sites were made using the NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research) wind data. The distances between the NCAR sites and prediction sites were varied between 40km and 150km. A well-known wind energy prediction program, WindPRO, was used. The prediction results were compared with the measured data from the AWS(Automated Weather Stations). Although the NCAR wind data were located far away from the AWS sites, the prediction errors were within 9% for all the cases. In terms of sector-wise wind energy distributions, the predictions were fairly close to the measurements, and the error in predicting main wind direction was less than $30^{\circ}$. This proves that the NCAR wind data are very useful in roughly estimating wind energy in offshore or near-shore sites where offshore wind farm might be constructed in Korea.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.157-162
• /
• 2012

Wind energy is created in mega-sized wind farms situated kilometers off shore. In fact, two possibilities are considered for the transmission system between the offshore wind farm and the onshore grid: high-voltage direct current and high-voltage alternating current. From this point of view, the current paper aims to compare both systems for a 2 GW wind farm situated 80 km from the Point of Common Coupling on an economic basis using a discounted cash flow analysis. A tool is developed in Microsoft Excel to allow for quick insight in the variation of input parameters.

• 풍력에너지저널
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2012

An offshore(submarine) cable has been used for more than a century, however it has been used mainly for communication or power supply to near-shore island. Therefore, offshore cable has not been got more attention than other types of cable and the related standards have also not been established well. However wind farms have been shifting from land to offshore because of better wind condition. Consequently, it has been pushing up demand for offshore cable. Hence, this paper introduces the trend of offshore cable industry and related standards or recommendations only focusing on offshore wind farm. In details, the installed offshore cables in offshore wind farms, the main offshore cable makers and up to date technologies are covered. In addition, the related standards or recommendations are also analyzed and compared each other.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제60권7호
• /
• pp.1299-1304
• /
• 2011

A wind turbine (WT) should be shut down as fast as possible to minimize its own damage in a storm-driven situation. Shutdown of a large wind farm requires a power grid to have a ramp-up capability large enough to balance between generation and consumption of electrical energy. This paper proposes a supervised shutdown algorithm of a wind farm to meet a required ramp-down rate in a grid code in the case of a storm-driven situation. The information on the speed and the direction of wind is measured at a wind mast (WM) installed around a wind farm. If the wind speed exceeds a cut-out speed, the number of WTs to be shut down simultaneously is decided to meet a required ramp-down rate of a grid-code. Arrival times to each WT from the WM are calculated and sorted in the order of time. Then a sequence of groups is generated. The shutdown start/end times of each group are decided to avoid superposition between adjacent two groups. The performance of the proposed shutdown algorithm is verified under various storm scenarios. Results indicate that the proposed algorithm can not only protect the wind farm in the case of a storm-driven situation but also meet the required ramp-down rate. In addition, the algorithm can produce more energy than that of a conventional shutdown algorithm.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2013

Wind resource data of short-term period has to be corrected a long-term period by using MCP method that Is a statistical method to predict the long-term wind resource at target site data with a reference site data. Because the field measurement for wind assessment is limited to a short period by various constraints. In this study, 2 different MCP methods such as Linear regression and Matrix method were chosen to compare the predictive accuracy between the methods. Finally long-term wind speed, wind power density and capacity factor at the target site for 20 years were estimated for the variability of wind and wind energy. As a result, for 20 years annual average wind speed, Yellow sea off shore wind farm was estimated to have 4.29% for coefficient of variation, CV, and -9.57%~9.53% for range of variation, RV. It was predicted that the annual wind speed at Yellow sea offshore wind farm varied within ${\pm}10%$.

• 전력전자학회논문지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2015

This paper proposes a control algorithm for permanent magnet synchronous generators with a back-to-back three-level neutral-point clamped voltage source converter in a medium-voltage off-shore wind power system under unbalanced grid conditions. Specifically, the proposed control algorithm compensates for unbalanced grid voltage at the PCC (Point of Common Coupling) in a collector bus of an off-shore wind power system. This control algorithm has been formulated based on symmetrical components in positive and negative synchronous rotating reference frames under generalized unbalanced operating conditions. Instantaneous active and reactive power is described in terms of symmetrical components of measured grid input voltages and currents. Negative sequential component of AC input current is injected into the PCC in the proposed control strategy. The amplitude of negative sequential component is calculated to minimize the negative sequential component of grid voltage under the limitation of current capability in a voltage source converter. The proposed control algorithm enables the provision of balanced voltage at the PCC resulting in the high quality generated power from off-shore wind power systems under unbalanced network conditions.

• 환경정책연구
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.3-20
• /
• 2011

태양광 및 풍력단지 건설 운영 사례에서 나타나는 환경 사회적 갈등들을 통하여 그 원인을 분석하고, 국내외의 긍정적인 건설 운영 및 갈등 조정 사례들을 분석하여 갈등의 최소화 방안 및 제도적 보완책을 모색하였다. 국내 태양광 및 풍력단지의 건설 운영 사례에서 나타나는 갈등은 지역 환경 훼손, 발전 시설에 따른 직접적인 피해, 발전 사업에 따른 지역 이익의 부재, 환경규제 및 관리상의 문제가 주된 원인이며, 이의 해결을 위한 방안으로 발전 사업 지침 개선 및 강화, 주민 수용성 확보, 사업설명회 규정 강화, 이해당사자의 참여 확대 방안 및 대안 입지와 해상풍력의 조속한 시행을 제시하였다. 이들 방법을 통해 신재생에너지기본계획 중 태양광 및 풍력에너지의 목표, 환경의 보호 및 보전 그리고 주민수용성 향상을 달성할 수 있다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.535-541
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 해상풍력발전단지 내 어업의 가능성을 살펴보고자, 어구 및 어법이 해상풍력발전단지 내 터빈과 해저케이블에 미치는 위험도를 평가하였다. 서남해 해상풍력발전단지를 연구 대상 해역으로 설정하여, 주변 국가어항의 선박 현황을 조사하였다. 어선의 현황을 참조하여 22개의 어구 및 어법에 대하여 위험도 평가 기준을 설정하고, 전문가를 통해 위험도를 평가하였다. 위험도가 낮아 해상풍력발전단지 내에서도 조업이 가능하다고 판단되는 어구 및 어법은 외줄낚시, 대낚시, 멸치챗배였으며, 위험도가 보통으로서 조업이 가능하기는 하나, 주의가 필요하다고 생각되는 어구 및 어법은 바닥주낙, 뜬주낙, 끌낚시, 오징어채낚기, 문어단지, 주꾸미소호, 연안통발, 주목망, 낭장망, 고정자망, 유자망이었다. 위험도가 높아 해상풍력발전단지 내 조업이 어렵다고 판단되는 어구 및 어법은 형망, 빔트롤, 건착망류였으며, 위험도가 아주 높아 해상풍력발전단지 내 어업이 허용되기 어렵다고 판단되는 어구 및 어법은 안강망, 기선권현망, 오터트롤, 외끌이기선저인망, 쌍끌이기선저인망이었다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.127-138
• /
• 2023

국제사회는 글로벌 기후위기 극복을 위해 2050년까지 탄소중립(Net Zero)을 목표로 다양한 탈탄소 에너지원 개발을 지속하고 있다. 우리 정부에서도 '재생에너지 3020' 정책을 수립하고 태양광이나 풍력을 이용한 에너지 개발계획을 추진함에 따라 해상 풍력발전단지와 같이 연안해역에서 기존에는 볼 수 없었던 대규모 해양개발사업이 추진되고 있다. 해양시설물은 선박의 입장에서 볼 때는 항행 장애물의 일종이며, 해양시설물 설치에 따라 좁아진 수역에서 선박 간 충돌사고 발생 또는 선박과 해양시설물의 접촉사고 발생시 환경오염 및 인명피해 등의 발생이 우려된다. 이에 국내외의 해상풍력발전단지 개발계획을 살펴보고 풍력단지에서 선박의 안전한 통항을 보장하기 위한 제도적 장치가 완비되어 있는지 분석하였으며, 해외의 입법 사례와 국내 법규를 비교하여 법적 사각지대를 해소하기 위한 새로운 법령안을 제안함으로써 대한민국의 관할해역에서 해양시설물의 안전한 운영과 선박의 안전한 통항을 기대하였다.