• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.777-787
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• 2016

In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of palm kernel meal (PKM), as a fermentable carbohydrate source, on the growth performance, meat quality, concentration of odorous compound, and changes in bacterial community in swine manure. Swine (average initial body weight of $51.36{\pm}1.02kg$) were fed diet which included three levels of PKM (0, 2 and 4%), and their manure samples were collected from the slurry pit. Growth performance and meat quality were not affected by PKM treatments (p > 0.05). Levels of phenols and indoles were decreased in the 2 and 4% PKM treatments compared to 0% PKM (control; p < 0.05). Especially, compared to the control, the 2% PKM group showed decreased levels of phenols by 35% and indoles by 34%. Among the dominant bacterial genera, the main change in relative abundance occurred in those belonging to the Firmicutes phylum in PKM treatments. Terrisporobacter and Clostridium were decreased in the PKM groups compared to the control. However, the relative abundance of Intestinibacter, AM406061_g, Coprococcus_g2, Phascolarcotobacterium, EF401875_g, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus were increased in the PKM group compared to control. Taken together, administration of PKM had a beneficial effect on reducing production of odorous compounds in swine manure, possibly by modulating the communities of predominantly carbohydrate-utilizing bacteria in the large intestine of swine.

• 분석과학
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.364-374
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• 2013

주요 악취물질 10 종을 분석하여 환기방식과 분뇨수거방식이 다른 제주지역 4 개 돈사의 악취물질 배출특성과 기여도를 조사하였다. 연구 결과 질소계열($NH_3$, TMA)은 겨울철에 농도가 높았고, 무창형 스크레퍼방식이 다른 돈사에 비해 농도가 높았다. 황화합물($H_2S$, $CH_3SH$, DMS, DMDS)과 휘발성 지방산(PA, n-BA, n-VA, iso-VA) 역시 겨울철에 높고, 무창형 스크레퍼와 무창형 슬러리방식 돈사에서 다소 높은 농도를 나타내었다. 환기방식별로는 무창형 돈사가 개방형돈사에서 비해 농도가 더 높고, 분뇨수거 방식별로는 슬러리방식에서 질소와 황 계열의 농도가 높고 스크레퍼방식에서는 휘발성 지방산 계열이 상대적으로 더 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 악취지수는 4 개의 돈사에서 모두 n-BA 성분이 높게 나타나 휘발성 지방산이 주요 악취원인물질로 조사되었다. 그리고 총악취지수(SOQ)는 무창형 스크레퍼방식 돈사에서 더 높고, 악취기여도는 휘발성 지방산이 모든 돈사에서 높은 결과를 나타내었다.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

We evaluated the applicability of baking soda, charco'al, coffee, and green tea as a natural deodorant in Kimchi packaging. Moreover, to evaluate the potential usage of these deodorants in packaging materials and confirm their applicability in high-temperature melt-extrusion processing, the thermal stabilities of the deodorants were investigated, and heat-treated deodorants were evaluated in terms of the deodorizing function compared with non-treated deodorants. Aroma patterns were decreased after deodorizing treatment with all-natural deodorants. Dimethyl disulfide, methyl trisulfide, and diallyl disulfide, the most significant odorous Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Kimchi, decreased after treatment with the deodorants. In particular, baking soda and charcoal showed the highest efficiency in removing odorous compounds and VOCs from Kimchi, even after high-temperature processing. The acetic acid removal rates for both baking soda and charcoal were 99.9±0.0%. The heating process increases the deodorizing effects of baking soda. Sensory evaluation results showed that there is a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the overall preference for Kimchi samples packaged with charcoal and baking soda. This study provides useful information for the deodorization effects of natural deodorants for Kimchi smell and their applicability for packaging materials.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.219-231
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• 2024

Feed has a great influence on the composition of swine manure, which is the principal cause of odor. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to simply change the shape of pig feed and control calories to find a suitable feed form for reducing the smell of swine manure. The experiment was conducted on 15 pigs from July to August 2021, and a total of three measurements were done. Three types of feed were evaluated in this study. The analysis items related to odor of swine manure are complex odor, ammonia, sulfur-based odors, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the case of complex odor, dilution multiples tended to decrease over time, except for type A feed. The concentration of ammonia in all types of feed decreased over time. Most sulfur-based odorous substances except hydrogen sulfide at the first measurement were not detected. Representatively, Decane, 2,6-Dimethylnonane, and 1-Methyl-3-propylcycolhexane were detected in VOCs generated from swine manure. The major odorous substansces in swine manure have changed from ammonia and sulfur compounds to VOCs. In order to reduce the odor caused by swine manure, it is ad-vantageous to use low-calorie feed consisting of pellet-type.

• 분석과학
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.329-337
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• 2017

A major concern regarding most auto-repair shops in residential areas is the emission of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the local atmosphere, especially during painting operations. VOCs contribute to poor local air quality and are responsible for the perceived odor and discomfort experienced by local residents. Sixteen major VOCs (6 aromatic hydrocarbons and 10 aliphatic carbonyl compounds) were selected as potential target compounds. The site was an auto-repair shop located in a central region of Seoul, South Korea, where the air quality of the site has been a subject of residents' complaints. The sampling points were as follows: 1) in the painting booth with new (NB) or old (OB) removal system, (2) in the exhaust duct after new (ND) or old (OD) odor removal filter, and (3) 2 m below the discharge vent (4 m above the ground) (outdoor air, OA). Each sample was coded: (1) before painting (BP), (2) during painting (DP), and (3) after painting (AP). The toluene level in the duct with the new removal filter during painting (ND-DP) was 1.5 ppm (v/v), while it was 3.8 ppm (v/v) in the right duct with an old removal filter during painting (OD-DP). Accordingly, the effect of filter replacement was reflected by differences in VOC levels. Therefore, accurate monitoring of odorous VOCs is an important step to reduce odor nuisance from local sources.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.929-939
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• 2006

In this study, the concentrations of major odorous compounds including reduced sulfur compounds (DMS, $CS_2$, and DMDS) and aromatic VOC (benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.) were measured continuously using an on-line GC analytical system. Our measurements were made from a residential area of Ansan city during about two weeks period of October, 2004. The highest mean concentrations of reduced S and VOC were recorded as 56.9 ppt of DMS and 21.7 ppb of toluene, respectively. The results of this study generally show that the pollution levels for both types of chemicals are significant relative to previous measurement results reported from comparable sites, if the results are compared simply in terms of the magnitude of the measured concentration data. Moreover, when the relative importance of different compounds is compared in terms of the odor strength, it indicates that the contribution of reduced S compounds may be much more important than that of VOC in the study area.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제21권E2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2005

An experimental study was performed on the decomposition of gaseous ammonia and two selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs: toluene and acetone) in a combined nonthermal plasma reactor with corona and glow discharges. A lab pilot scale reactor (206 liter) equipped with a high electric power pack was used to determine the decomposition efficiency in relation with the inlet concentration and applied voltage. Three different types of discharging electrode such as wired rack, wire strings for corona discharge, and thin plate for glow discharge were put in order in the reactor. While decomposition of ammonia decreased with an increase in the initial concentration, acetone showed an opposite result. In the case of toluene however no explicit tendency was found in toluene and aceton. Negative discharge resulted in high decomposition efficiency than the positive one for all gases. A better removal of gas phase element could be achieved when fume dust were present simultaneously.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.219-232
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• 2007

Odors from manures are a major problem for livestock production. The most significant odorous compounds in animal manure a.e volatile fatty acids(VFAs). This work reviews the VFAs from the anaerobic sequencing biofilm batch reactor(ASBBR), anaerobic sequencing batch reactor(ASBR), solid compost batch reactor(SCBR), and aerobic sequencing batch reactor(SBR) associated with the animal manure biological treatment. First, we describe and quantify VFAs from animal manure biological treatment and discuss biofiltration for odor control. Then we review certain fundamentals aspects about Anaerobic and aerobic SBR, composting of animal manure, manure compost biofilter for odorous VFAs control, SBR for nitrogen removal, and ASBR for animal wastewater treatment systems considered important for the resource recovery and air quality. Finally, we present an overview for the future needs and current experience of the biological systems engineering for animal manure management and odor control.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1126-1133
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 휘발성 유기화합물의 분해능력을 가진 Candida tropicalis와 황화수소 분해능력을 가진 황산화균을 적용하여 이단 바이오필터를 운전하였으며, 각각의 미생물은 스폰지형 담체에 포괄 고정시켜 사용되었다. 이단 바이오필터에는 벤젠, 톨루엔, 자일렌, 암모니아, 황화수소 등의 복합악취를 유입하며 분해 특성을 파악하였고, 특히 오염부하량 단계변동에 대한 바이오필터의 분해능을 확인하였다. 오염부하량 단계변동은 총유입부하량 단계변동(total EC test), 개별 악취물질 유입부 하량 단계변동(individual chemical EC test), 간헐 동적부하 변동(2 days off & 3 days on) 순으로 수행되었다. 총유입부하량 단계변동 실험결과 TVOC와 암모니아, 황화수소의 최대분해능은 각각 61, 5.2, $9.1\;g/m^3/hr$로 확인되었으며, 개별악취물질 유입부하량 단계변동시에는 휘발성 유기화합물질 상호간의 분해능 간섭이 일어나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 벤젠 부하량 변동시 톨루엔과 p-자이렌 모두 제거효율에 영향을 받았으며, 톨루엔의 부하량 단계변동시에는 벤젠과 p-자이렌이 각각 30%와 25% 이상의 제거효율의 하락이 일어나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 하지만 무기악취와 유기악취간의 상호 분해능 간섭은 일어나지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 2일간 악취물질의 유입을 중단한 후 다시 악취물질의 유입을 재개하였을 때, 3일 이내에 95% 이상의 악취물질 제거능 회복율을 보였다. 이러한 부하변동 실험결과로 미생물 포괄고정 담체를 적용한 이단 바이오필터가 유 무기 악취의 동시제거에 많은 장점을 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제18권sup호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2012

본 연구는 사료에 서양고추냉이 분말 0.03%, 팽이버섯폐배지 0.5% 및 서양고추냉이 분말 0.03%와 팽이버섯폐배지 0.5%의 혼합제를 사료에 각각 첨가한 후 비육돈에 급여하여 분뇨에서 발생되는 악취물질의 농도변화를 조사하였다. 1. 분뇨의 단쇄지방산 농도를 측정한 결과 초산, 프로피온산, 부티르산 및 이성체지방산의 농도는 처리구간에 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 2. 분뇨의 페놀, p-크레졸 및 이들을 합한 페놀류 농도는 처리구간에 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 그러나 인돌 농도는 고추냉이 처리구에서 낮았으며(p<0.05), 스카톨 농도는 대조구와 고추냉이구에서 가장 높았고, 고추냉이와 버섯폐배지의 혼합구에서 가장 낮았으며, 버섯폐배지구는 중간이었다(p<0.05). 인돌류 농도는 고추냉이와 버섯폐배지의 혼합구에서 가장 낮았다(p<0.05).