• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2007

In this study, the concentrations of offensive odorous compounds seasonally emitted from the chemical plant at Chongju industrial complex in Korea were determined by the analytical methods of gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and uv/vis spectroscopy. The kinds of offensive odorous compounds examined are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyl aldehyde, propion aldehyde, n-valeric aldehyde, iso-valeric aldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, trimethyl amine and ammonia. The seasonally emission levels of all odorous compounds except dimethyl sulfide at 13 sampling points of plant were lower than those of the regulation standard levels of the industrial complex in Korea. The levels were the highest in June, and lowest in December. The propion aldehyde and iso-valeric aldehyde in June and December, butyl aldehyde in December, and n-valeric aldehyde were not detected in all the three seasons at any sampling points of the plant examined. But in June, dimethyl sulfide was emitted up to 16 times than that of the regulation level.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2007

The concentrations of offensive odorous compounds emitted from the two chemical plants in Chongju and Yeosu industrial complex in Korea were determined by uv/vis spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. The odorous compounds examined in this study are ammonia, trimethyl amine, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propion aldehyde, butyl aldehyde, n-valeric aldehyde, iso-valeric aldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide. The concentrations of those were determined from the 10 sampling points of the two plants, respectively. The emission concentrations of all odorous com-pounds examined in the two plants were lower than those of the regulation standard levels of industrial complex in Korea, respectively. The propion aldehyde, n-valeric aldehyde, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl disulfide in Chongju and Yeosu plants, and butyl aldehyde and iso-valeric aldehyde in Yeosu plant were not detected at any sampling points examined.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1362-1370
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the effect of different levels of dietary crude protein (CP) on composition of odorous compounds and bacterial communities in pig manure. A total of 48 male pigs (average initial body weight 45 kg) fed diets containing three levels of dietary CP (20%, 17.5%, and 15%) and their slurry samples were collected from the pits under the floor every week for one month. Changes in composition of odorous compounds and bacterial communities were analyzed by gas chromatography and 454 FLX titanium pyrosequencing systems, respectively. Levels of phenols, indoles, short chain fatty acid and branched chain fatty acid were lowest (p<0.05) in CP 15% group among three CP levels. Relative abundance of Bacteroidetes phylum and bacterial genera including Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Atopostipes, Peptonphilus, Ruminococcaceae_uc, Bacteroides, and Pseudomonas was lower (p<0.05) in CP 15% than in CP 20% group. There was a positive correlation (p<0.05) between odorous compounds and bacterial genera: phenol, indole, iso-butyric acid, and iso-valeric acid with Atopostipes, p-cresol and skatole with Bacteroides, acetic acid and butyric acid with AM982595_g of Porphyromonadaceae family, and propionic acid with Tissierella. Taken together, administration of 15% CP showed less production of odorous compounds than 20% CP group and this result might be associated with the changes in bacterial communities especially whose roles in protein metabolism.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2012

In this study, the characteristic of offensive major odorous compound from the Bon-San industrial complex in Gimhae were determined by analytical methods of Gas Chromatography, High Performance Liquid Chromatography and UV/VIS Spectrophotometer. The kind of major odorous compounds examined acetaldehyde, sulfur compounds, ammonia and styrene. The concentration of all odorous compounds at 3 sampling points of industrial complex were lower than those of regulation standard levels of the industrial complex in Korea. The mean concentration of hydrogen sulfide was 0.0235 ppm at sampling point 2, it was higher than other sampling point. Complex odors was lower than regulation standard levels of the industrial complex in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.209-220
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• 2006

In this study, the distribution patterns of major odorous compounds in ambient air were investigated in the areas surrounding the Ban-Wall industrial complex of Ansan, Korea (Aug. 2004 to Sep. 2005). The results indicated the environmental significance of several major odorous compounds which include carbonyl compounds, reduced sulfur compounds (RSC), and volatile organic compounds (VOC). When the results were compared on a diurnal basis, the afternoon time concentration of most odorous compounds were notably higher than their morning time counterparts. It also indicated that the odor concentrations differed greatly, in terms of spatial grouping scheme of data sets, such as between industrial area and non-industrial area. The comparison of spatial patterns indicated that the concentrations of most of the compounds at the industrial area were maintained at high concentration levels, compared to the surrounding areas. The overall results of this study thus suggest that the distribution of odorous compounds in a large industrial complex can exhibit a unique pattern of their own.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.575-580
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• 1999

Even if odorous compounds remained very low concentration in water, it caused strong odor. Because Geosmin and most of odorous compound had very vaporization, those were difficult to analyze with GC/MSD and Purge & Trap. So, we needed pre-treatment method for decreasing amounts of extracting solvents, improving recovery efficiencies and increasing analytical efficiencies. This study developed efficient technology for analyzing odorous compounds, using various adsorbents and extracting solvents. The optimum adsorbent was XAD resins. Especially, XAD-2, XAD-7 and XAD-2010 were superior, but XAD-2 of these and MTBE was the optimum extraction solvent. Other extraction solvent's efficiency was in order of MTBE>Dichloromethane>n-Hexane>Diethylether. The optimum NaCl dosage for increasing efficiency was 5g in liquid-liquid extraction method. The shaking time(0∼24hr) had no concern with adsorption efficiency. The optimum adsorbent was XAD-2 resin and extraction solvent was MTBE. Dosing NaCl, adsorption efficiency was increased in liquid-liquid extraction method, but NaCl has no effect on liquid-solid extraction method. In this experimental results, this method will apply to not only Geosmin but other well-known odorous compounds (2-MIB, IBMP, IPMP, TCA) and algae toxins (Mycrocystin, Anatoxin etc)

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.337-351
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• 2006

In this study, to describe the basic characteristics of strong odorous sources, the emissions of odorous compounds from a large-scale sewage treatment plant in K city were investigated. According to this study, the emission patterns of major odorous compounds were distinguished clearly by several factors such as treatment processing types, chemical compositions of odors released, and temporal changes (e.g., seasonal variations). For the purpose of this study, emission rates of odorous compounds were quantified using a dynamic flux chamber (DFC) method from three major treatment (T) processes including T1 (Grit sedimentation basin), T2 (Aeration tank), and T3 (Final sedimentation). When the relative strengths of each emission source were compared, the strongest one was seen from T1 with the maximum of $NH_{3}\;(34.5\;{\mu}g/m^{2}/min)$ followed by $H_{2}S\;(20.4\;{\mu}g/m^{2}/min)($. While the strongest emissions of most odorous compounds were seen commonly from T1, those seen from T2 and T3 were significantly reduced relative to the ones found in T1. Considering the general patterns of odorous emission, it is concluded that control of odors from T1 unit is most important because of its considerably high emission strengths.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.110-124
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• 2007

In this study, the control efficiency of odorous compounds was measured from diverse control process units of 14 individual companies located within the Ban-Wall industrial complex of Ansan city, Korea (January to July 2005), To quantify the control efficiency levels of major odorous compounds, we collected odor samples from both the front and rear side of 17 control process units ($N=17{\times}2=34$). If the control efficiency is compared for each of 32 compounds between different process units, wet scrubber (WS) was found to be the most effective unit in terms of the sum of pollutants showing the positive control signals. Although the WS system shows generally a good control pattern for VOC, it is not the case for most index odorous pollutants; only 3 out of 12 index compounds were found to show positive control efficiencies. The results of the study also indicated that the control efficiency differ greatly between different industrial sectors and/or control process types. In the case of leather industry, carbonyl compounds were found to exhibit the highest control efficiency with its values varying from 19 to 90%. On the other hand, in the case of metal production sector, VOC recorded the maximum control efficiency with values varying from 18 to 79%. According to this study, most air pollution control facilities operated in most companies show fairly poor control efficiencies for most malodor compounds. Hence, to obtain best control efficiency of odorous pollutant emission, acquisition of better information on source characteristics and establishment of effective control technologies are highly demanding.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 2009

We investigated a trait of odor and the relationship between odor unit and odorous compounds using multiple regression analysis based on data compiled from Sihwa (SIC), Banwol (BIC), Banwol plating (BPIC) and Poseung industrial complex (PIC). These areas are odor control areas in Gyeonggi province. It was revealed that $NH_3$ and styrene concentrations in SIC and BPIC were relatively higher and $H_2S$ concentration especially in mc was more than five times higher than other areas. As a result of regression analysis using SAS, intensity of odor unit was highly related to concentrations of $H_2S$, TMA, styrene and n-valeraldehyde in SIC, $H_2S$, acetaldehyde, and butyraldehyde in BPIC and $NH_3$ in BIC.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.103-107
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• 1999

Even if odorous compounds remain very low concentration in water, it cause strong odor. Because Geosmin and most of odorous compound had very low vaporization, those were difficult to analyze with GC/MSD and Purge & Trap. So, we needed pre-treatment method for decreasing amounts of extracting solvents, improving recovery efficiencies and increasing analytical efficiencies. This study developed efficient technology for analyzing odorous compounds, using various adsorbents and extracting solvents. The optimum adsorbent was XAD resins. Especially, XAD-2, XAD-7 and XAD-2010 were superior, but XAD-2 of these and the optimum extraction solvent is MTBE. Other extraction solvents' efficiency is in order of MTBE>Dichloromethane>n-Hexane>Diethylether. The optimum NaCl dosage for increasing efficiency is 5 g in liquid-liquid extraction method. The shaking time(0~24hr) has no concern with adsorption efficiency. The optimum adsorbent is XAD-2 resin and extraction solvent is MTBE. Dosing NaCl, adsorption efficiency is increased in liquid-liquid extraction method, but NaCl has no effect on liquid-solid extraction method. In this experimental results, this algae toxins(Mycrocystin, Anatoxin etc.).