• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 2013

Clothes that retain and emanate body odor feel uncomfortable and unclean; subsequently, the adsorption, desorption and removal amounts of malodorous compounds from fabrics with different polarities were examined. 1-Octen-3-one, octanal and isovaleric acid, which are important malodor compounds from the body, were used as volatile organic compounds (VOC). Samples were prepared with unfinished and ${\beta}$-CD finished cotton, nylon and PET fabrics. The amounts of VOCs retained on the fabrics were measured using headspace GC-MS; in addition, the odor intensity of the samples were evaluated by 10 trained panelists. The amounts adsorbed were estimated by weight gain; however, moisture was found to have a larger effect on the increase in weight than VOCs. The polarity of the VOCs decreased in the order of isovaleric acid, octanal and 1-octen-3-one. Despite the exceptionally large amounts of octanal adsorbed on the nylon sample, the amounts of malodorous compounds adsorbed on fabrics increased with the decreasing VOC molecular weight. The unfinished PET sample adsorbed more VOCs than the unfinished-fabric samples. The odor intensity was mostly weaker in the ${\beta}$-CD finished fabrics than in the unfinished fabrics. The odor intensity of the ${\beta}$-CD finished fabrics was lower than unfinished fabrics. The amount of VOCs that remained on the soiled fabric samples after storing in air for 24 hrs decreased with the increasing VOC vapor pressure. Most VOCs were removed by washing; however, more VOCs were left on the ${\beta}$-CD finished fabrics than unfinished fabrics. The intensity of the odor from the unfinished PET and ${\beta}$-CD finished fabrics was stronger and weaker, respectively, than that of other fabrics, even when the same amounts of VOCs remained.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.115-123
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• 2021

The emission gas from meat grilled restaurants has unpleasant odor and sticky particulate matters (PM) in form of oil mist. This affects the residents living nearby. In oder to decrease the odor and PM, electrostatic precipitators (ESP) were installed at several restaurants by support of Seoul metropolitan government and emission characteristics of PM and odor were investigated. The removal efficiency of odor and PM at before- and after-ESP was that total hydrocarbon (THC), NH₃, H₂S, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde were not much decreased. Total suspended particles (TSP) emitted from the vent was below the value of 7 mg/m³ regardless of the concentration of before-ESP and removal efficiency was in the range of 64 ~ 86%. The ratio of PM_1.0 to PM₁₀ of emission gas was over 0.9. So it was revealed that most PM of emission gas was PM1.0. The PM concentration in the air of the street near the vent was higher than another street due to the emission gas and the PM of indoor air of restaurant grilling meats was measured very high compared to outdoor air. So it needs more powerful ventilation of indoor air.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2007

The water treatment plants in Seoul Metropolitan Area, which are under Korea Water Resources Corporation(KOWACO)'s management, take water from Paldang Reservoir in Han River System for drinking water supply. There are taste and odor (T&O) problems in the finished water because the conventional treatment processes do not effectively remove the T&O compounds. As part of countermeasures for taste and odor control, KOWACO is planning to introduce advanced water treatment process such as ozone and GAC in near future. This study evaluated the removal characteristics of T&O and dissolved organic matter (DOM) to find design and operation parameters of advanced water treatment processes in a pilot-scale treatment plant. The GAC adsorption capacity for DOC in the two GAC system (GAC and $O_3$-GAC) at an EBCT of 14min was mostly exhausted after 9months. The differency of the removal efficiency of DOC between $O_3$-GAC and GAC increased with increasing operation time because the bioactivity in $O_3$-GAC process was enhanced by post-ozone process. Removal by conventional treatment was unable to reach the target TON(threshold odor number) of 3 but GAC systems at an EBCT(empty bed contact time) of 14 min were able to archive the target with few exception. During the high T&O episodes, PAC as a pretreatment together with GAC could be useful option for T&O control. However, substantial TON removal continued for more than two year (> 90,000 bed volumes). At the spiking of less concentration 26 to 61 ng/L in the influent of GAC systems, GAC absorber and $O_3$-GAC processes could meet the treatment target. The better spike control after 12 and 19 months of operation compared to that after 7 months of operation is a strong indication of biological control. The results presented in this study had shown that $O_3$-GAC process was found to be more effective for T&O control than GAC process. And the main removal mechanism in GAC systems were adsorption capacity and biodegradation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.237-247
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• 2012

This study assessed the removal characteristics of taste and odor causing compounds (2-methylisoborneol and geosmin) and organic matters, using a pilot-scale ozone/granular activated carbon ($O_{3}$/GAC) process treating surface water of Pal-dang reservoir in the Han river over a 3-month period. Experiments were conducted to verify the removal efficiency of $O_{3}$/GAC process which has two different empty bed contact time (EBCT) ($O_{3}$/GAC column 1 : 10 min and 2 : 15.1 min) with 10.86 min contact time of ozonation at 1.0 mg/L $O_{3}$. Spiking test using geosmin and 2-MIB was also conducted systematically to mimic the conditions when the algae appears, specifically at the levels similar to the concentrations experienced (geosmin: 250 ng/L) in the winter of 2011. In single ozonation process, organic materials, disinfection by-products (DBPs) and their precursors were disassembled but not removed completely. Meanwhile, it was verified that organic matters, taste and odor causing compounds, and DBPs were well removed when sequentially passing through the GAC process. The pilot results also showed that GAC column with larger EBCT achieved higher removal efficiency. Specifically, in spiking tests, single $O_{3}$ process showed approximately 89% removal efficiency of geosmin and 2-MIB. $O_{3}$/GAC combined process demonstrated excellent removal of geosmin and 2-MIB, which are higher than 95%.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2017

In this study, the test results obtained from the performance tests for CA (Korea Association of Cleaning Air) certificated air cleaners which had been commercially available in Korea from 2003 to 2015 were analyzed. Among the test parameters such as flow rate, particle collection efficiency, clean air delivery rate (CADR), ozone emission, odor removal efficiency and noise level, noise level and CADR were correlated with flow rates. Collection and odor removal efficiencies were 20% higher than the limit of the CA certification. The ozone emissions from the air cleaners were negligible because all the air cleaners were equipped with only HEPA filters, not electrostatic precipitation method which produces ozone.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.273-279
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• 2006

The performance of an autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) system was studied to determine if nitrogen loss, as ammonia, was affected by an exhaust gas condenser. The system was run with and without a condenser while treating $8m^3$ of piggery slurry for 8 days. The system with a condenser (SWC) maintained the reactor temperatures above $40^{\circ}C$ for 2 days during the 8 days run, while the system without a condenser (SWOC) remained above $40^{\circ}C$ for 6 days. The SWC maintained the reactor temperatures mostly at mesophilic conditions while the SWOC at thermophilc conditions. Differences in operation conditions for the two runs were mainly caused by differences in atmospheric temperatures. Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and volatile solids (VS) removal efficiencies of the SWC (SCOD: 62%, VS: 41%) were higher than those of the SWOC (SCOD: 40%, VS: 20%). The total Kjeldal nitrogen (TKN) removal efficiency of the SWC (7%) was less than that of the SWOC (25%). The concentration of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the SWC was observed to be lower than the threshold value of 0.23 g total VFA/L after 6 days, while the SWOC progressed below the threshold value after 3 days. No offensive odor emissions were observed in either run, which suggest that the use of the ATAD system may be a good odor removal strategy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.208-214
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• 2004

Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is an effective solid/liquid separation process for low density floc particles such as algal, color-alum and clay-alum flocs produced from low turbidity water. The removal of taste and odor-causing organics (2-mthylisoboneol and geosmin) originating from algae in drinking water is a local and worldwide concern. Although DAF has been effectively applied for the removal of suspended solid, its application for the treatment of dissolved organic carbon is very limited. In this study, a new hybrid system consisting of adsorption and DAF processes was introduced for the simultaneous removal of algae and taste and odor-causing organics. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) was used as an adsorbent. In this proposed system, the major concern of eliminating the spent PAC from the system was also addressed. It was found that zeta potential of algae and PAC was increased with coagulant dosage, and the removal efficiency in DAF was also enhanced up to 90~95% under the given experimental conditions. Based on this study, the hybrid process was found to be a promising technology for the simultaneous removal of algae and dissolved organic pollutants.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.43-49
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to study the perception of merchants and customers about the odor problem of traditional markets in Wonju, Gangwon-do. Research design, data and methodology: A survey was conducted to investigate the perception. The survey consisted of 11 questions for merchants and 12 questions for customers. Results: In a survey of merchants - The question 'What kind of smell did you smell at the traditional market?' was investigated with multiple responses. Regarding the odor experience, unclean odor was the highest with 105 votes (36%), followed by rotting odor with 82 votes (28.1%) and other odors with 44 votes (15.1%). In a survey of customers - The question 'What kind of smell did you smell at the traditional market?' was investigated with multiple responses. As a result of the survey, filthy smell was the highest with 98 votes (43.2%). Next, rotten smell was found with 60 votes (26.4%) and others with 31 votes (13.7%). Conclusions: If the odor problem in the traditional market is solved, the economic and health damage to the merchants will be reduced. Further, it will help to revitalize traditional markets by increasing customer visits. As a solution, it is judged that it is good to study the direction of the establishment of a real-time monitoring system and the preparation and application of odor removal measures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.289-297
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• 2004

Emissions of volatile organic compounds and odors from various industrial processes not only pollute surrounding life environments, but also lead to the deterioration of the working environments, causing various industrial health and business problems. These pollutants are usually stimulating, irritating, malodorous and sometimes carcinogenic, Which should be reduced in the pollutants formation, stage, but the practical processes do not allow This paper describes the major sources of VOC and odors, and their sampling/analysis methods. Furthermore, various removal technologies for these pollutants are suggested, which particularly include the characteristics of the catalytic and scrubber/carbon filter combined process, and even process design technologies.

• Journal of odor and indoor environment
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.381-388
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• 2018

In this study, various conditions and phenomena that occur in the process of removing odorous VOCs by using electrolyzed oxidant were examined. The formation of hypochlorous acid, which is an oxidant produced by electrolysis, was investigated and the properties of the oxidizing agent used to decompose toluene, xylene, and cyclohexane were investigated. As a result, it was found that the production rate and the final concentration of the oxidizing agent increased with the current density. It was found that the degree of removal varies depending on the property of each pollutant. Interestingly, in the batch experiments in which the pH of the produced oxidant was controlled, it was found that the degree of elimination varied depending on the pH of the substance. These results suggest that the difference in the concentration and distribution of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ($OCl^-$) due to the pH change leads to the difference in oxidizing power on the oxidation characteristics of each substance. Styrene and terpineol showed better degradation characteristics than toluene and xylene in odorous VOC removal experiments by spraying electrolytic oxidant using a lab-scale continuous reactor. In conclusion, the removal of odorous VOCs by the electrolytic oxidant can have various applications in that it can oxidize pollutants of various spectra.