• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.893-903
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• 1995

This study was attempted to estimate seasonal variations of physical activity level, energy balance & body composition of 38 rural women, aged 31 to 67yrs in three seasons ; farming season(June), harvesting season(October), nonfarming season(February) Energy intake, energy expenditure and body composition were assessed using questionnaire, daily activity diary & bioelectrical impedance. The type of activities & the period of the spent on each activity were changed significantly with the seasons. Daily mean duration(min) of farming activity was significantly higher in June & October than in February(p<0.005) & daily mean energy expenditure for farming activity was significantly high in June & low inFebruary (p<0.005). Daily mean energy expenditure was 2892.9㎉ in June, 2487.4㎉ in October and 2130.9㎉ in February and changed significantly in three seasons(p<0.005). Daily mean energy intake was significantly higher in June(=1950.3㎉) & October (=1946.9㎉) than in February(=1423.3㎉)(p<0.005). According to RDA for koreans, the level of physical activity fell into exceptional activity category in June, heavy in October, moderate in February. Mean energy balance was negative in all seasons ; 0.682 in June, 0.812 in October and 0.698 in February. In three seasons mean body weight, mean obesity rate and mean body mass index(BMI) were not changed significantly. But there were significant seasonal variations in body fat(%) & lean body mass(LBM)(%). The mean percentage of body fat(%) was within normal range(24.44-24.79%) & the mean percentage of lean body mass(LBM)(%) representing long term physical activity was significantly higher in June(75.56%) & October(75.21%) & October (75.21%) than in February(72.75%)(p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.452-457
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• 2013

To obtain the useful data related to optimum nutrient management technique for pesticides-free jujube cultivation, nutrient contents of jujube leaves and fruits and the selected chemical properties of jujube orchard soils were investigated at 9 different orchards with pesticides-free cultivation in Boeun, Chungbuk, Korea. Soil and jujube leaf samples were collected from the different orchards in July and October, and jujube fruit samples were taken in October, 2012. Soil available $P_2O_5$ contents in the optimum level for jujube cultivation were 11% and 33% of total samples in July and October, respectively, but 56% of total samples was higher than the optimum level in both July and October. Exchangeable K and Ca ion contents were 44% and 67% of total samples, respectively, in both July and October, whereas exchangeable Mg ion content was 100% and 56% of total samples in July and October, respectively. Nutrient contents in jujube leaves were higher than those in fresh fruits. In addition, total nitrate, potassium and magnesium contents in the jujube leaves were higher in the samples collected in July than in October.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.496-510
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• 2019

We investigated the reproductive characteristics of the sweetfish Plecoglossus altivelis, including changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI), frequency of gonad developmental stages, and abundance of drifting larvae, in three streams (Gangjeong, Yeonoi, and Ongpo) on Jeju Island from May 2004 to December 2005. The GSI values of female P. altivelis in all Jeju streams began to increase in September and reached a maximum in October and November. Peak GSI values in males occurred in Gangjeong from October to November, in Yeonoi from November to January, and in Ongpo from September to October. The gonadal development of P. altivelis was classified into four stages: growth (March to October), maturity (September to December in females; July to December in males), spawning (September to January), and degeneration (October to March in females; after November in males). Drifting larvae were collected from October to January. These results suggest that the main spawning activity of P. altivelis in Jeju streams occurs from October to November. The information about the reproductive characteristics of P. altivelis obtained in this study is critical to fishery management for this species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.101-101
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• 2022

In recent years, due to climate change, the livestock industry has become more interested in the production of forage crops. In Korea, more than 74% of forage crops are cultivated in winter rice fields. In particular, Italian ryegrass (IRG) is depends on imports for more than 70% of its seeds. In generally, the IRG rapeseed cultivation method involves sowing from early October to mid-October by drill sowing seeding or spot seedling. However, the sowing period is delayed due to frequent rainfall during. And, same period require a lot of seeds. However, raising seedlings and transplanted IRG will overcome weather conditions and reduce the amount of seeds. This study was intended to be applied to the domestic IRG seed industry in the future through growth and quantity evaluation according to transplant time and planting density for the production of good quality IRG seeds in rice paddy fields. In this study, transplanting time (October 20, October 30, November 10) and planting density (50, 70, and 80) were cultivated at the National Institute of Crop Science in 2021. The amount of fertilizer applied was adjusted to (N-P₂O₅-K₂O) 4.5-12-12 (kg/10a), and then 2.2(kg/10a) of nitrogen was added each year. For the growth survey, leaf area, canopy coverage, plant length, and seed yield were investigated. Along with the transplanting time, the plant length was higher on October 20 than on October 30 and November 10. On the other hand, leaf area index changes differed depending on the transplanting time and planting density, and were particularly high on October 20, 80 density and 70 density, but similar on October 30 and November 10. 1000 seed weight showed no difference with transplanting time and planting density. On the other hand, the seed yield was 215(kg/10a) for 80 density on October 20, 211(kg/10a) for 70 density, 118(kg/10a) for 50 density, and 80 density for October 30 and November 10. and 70 density did not differ. On the other hand, the 50 density on October 30 and November 10 were 164(kg/10a) and 147(kg/10a) respectively. As can be seen from this study, the earlier the transplant, the higher the seed yield. However, the 50 density was reduced in yield compared to the 70 density and 80 density.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 1992

The changes of pectoral muscle size (as an index of protein reserves) and fat reserves (as an index of lipid) were measured in wintering Dunlin during 1988 -1989 on two estuaries located in the south coast of Korea. The mean of lean mass of February population was greater(11.8%) than that of October population. SMI of October population was greater(4.5%) than that of February population and lipid index of October population also greater(1.6%) than that of February population. This show that the body condition of October population is better than February population. The mean of fat and protein reserves of 22 % of Dunlin arriving on October for their wintering were higher than that of others, this group seems to continue their migration to south further and 11% of the wintering population seems to starve during winter.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.66-75
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• 2021

In 2014, fishes caught using stow nets in coastal waters off Gochang from May to October were assessed for appearance patterns. The fishes were caught at four research stations (St.) and were found to comprise 37 species, 18 families, and 7 orders. The dominant species were Thryssa kammalensis, Setipinna tenuifilis, and Sardinella zunasi. To gain a measure of their biodiversity, all species were assessed for their number, richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance. The highest and lowest numbers of total fishes caught were recorded in September (4,819 individuals) and October (828 individuals), respectively. The diversity was the highest in October (H' = 2.478) and lowest in June (H' = 0.880). The evenness index was the highest in October (E = 0.780) and lowest in June (E = 0.343). The richness index was the highest in October (R = 3.424) and lowest in May (R = 1.552). Finally, the dominance index was the highest in June (D = 86.2%) and lowest in October (D = 40.3%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2009

In order to illustrate the effects of water temperature inversion on the stratification variation in the South Sea of Korea, water temperature, salinity, and density measured in October and December 1999 by National Fisheries Research and Development Institute were reviewed. In October and December of 1999, temperature inversion occurred mainly between 25m and 75m, and in particular in depth of water, in December temperature inversion layer also was formed in the surface layer. In case of October and December, the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC), warm and saline water, was one of motors, and in December, influence of surface cold water was added Although northerly wind prevails in October and December, in October, expanding of the South Korean Coastal Waters (SKCW) towards offshore is not clear, but in December when wind speed is relatively greater than that in October and strength of the TWC become weak, the SKCW spreads towards offshore through the upper layer. Stratification variation was higher along the area where temperature inversion occurred.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.89-92
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• 1993

This study was carried out to understand the seasonal changes in mineral contents of mulberry trees. The shoot barks and the leaves of three mulberry varieties(Kaeryangppong, Shinilppon, Yongcheonppong) were analyzed every 10 days during the year from January to December of 1993, Phosphorus content of the shoot barks and leaves gradually decreased until October in three varieties and increased thereafter. Especially, that of Yongcheonppong decreased 0.18% from 1.33% in January to 1.15% in October. Potassium content of the shoot barks increased 0.7~1.1% from April to August but decreased 0.7~0.9% during winter. That of leaves increased from May to October. Magnesium content of the shoot barks increased until August but decreased after then. And it increased again after October. That of the leaves decreased from May to October. Calcium content of the shoot barks decreased 0.4~0.6% from January to September but increased 0.1~0.4% from October. That of the leaves increased from May to October.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.223-234
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• 1996

Distribution of Anchovy was analyzed from the experimental operations by the small anchovy drag net fishery in the coastal area of Yang yang - gun and Myongju - gun of Kangwon Province from October to December, 1994. Temperature ranged from $11.4^{\circ}C.$to $17.4^{\circ}C.$throughout the experimental period. Fishes caught by experimental operation vessels were composed of anchovy, Clupanodon Punctatus, Pleuronectidae, Tetraodantidae, Acanthopagrus Schlegeli etc., and the anchovy occupied more than 99.6% of the total catch. Anchovy was characterized by the most abundance of the catch for the individual less than 6cm and the gradual increase after October for those larger than 6cm. CPUE(catch per tow) of anchovy was 684kg in October, 784kg in November, 1,590kg in December and mean CPUE of 3 months from October to December was 1,066kg. Fishing grounds of anchovy were formed in coastal area, from $37^{\circ}$45'N to $38^{\circ}$04'N, off Kangwon Province. Distribution density of anchovy in Chumunjin - up, Kyohang - ri Sachon - myon, and Sachonjin - ri coasts was higher than the other areas. Anchovy caught in this surveyed area was recruited from July to September at the length class between 2cm and 3cm, and grew to the sizes between 4cm and Bem in October, between 5cm and tcm in November, between tcm and Bem in December. Recruitment of anchovy increased from July to September and suddenly decreased after September. Individual number of the population was the largest during the period from August to October and gradually decreased after October. Biomass continuously increased after August, and was the largest in December.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.739-744
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• 2015

The sexual maturation and spawning time of female ocean sunfish Mola mola in Korean waters were studied by observing the gonads histologically. Specimens were purchased in a fish market in October 2013 and May, June, and October 2014. Nine females (total length 100-250 cm, gonad weight 31-3,470 g) and one male (total length 131 cm, gonad weight 60 g) were studied. Histologically, the ovaries became active in May and spawning began in July and continued until October. In July, mature oocytes and yolk globule stage oocytes were observed; parts of the gonad showed traces of spawning, while others had degenerated and absorbed any oocytes. By October, many oocytes had degenerated and been absorbed. Therefore, the approximate spawning period of ocean sunfish is from July to October based on histological changes in the gonads. The asynchronous oocyte development suggests that the ocean sunfish is a multiple spawner, as reported previously. The catch distribution data suggest that the waters around Jeju Island are a sunfish spawning area.