• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.63-86
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate production efficiency of Oceans and Fisheries Human Resources Development Programs Efficiency using Bootstrap-DEA. The study extracts 33 officials curriculum, 11 fisheries managers curriculum for its analytical. First, the study estimates technical, pure technical, and scale efficiency of each curriculums based on traditional DEA under the assumption of CRS and VRS. 8(official 7, managers 1) curriculums are identified as efficient DMUs under the CCR-model, and 13(official 10, managers 3) under the BCC-model. We provide inputs that allow inefficient curriculum to be efficient DMUs on a production frontier, and a reference set for their bench-marking. Second, rank test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test to find a statistical significance of heterogeneity existing in efficiences between Bootstrap-DEA tenical vs Bootstrap-DEA pure technical was no significant difference. We have identified that G10, 11, 12 13, 25, 31, 33, 39 curriculums are the most efficiently produced in the technical and pure technical efficiency. Also we managed to measure the inefficiency which exists in efficiently produced curriculums when estimating the bias corrected efficiency scores. In Technical efficiency, Operation and facility was significant at the 10%. In Pure technical efficiency, facility was significant at the 10%.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.244-252
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• 2011

This study was carried out through survey based on job candidates of marine-bio, marine logistics, and GIS in order to train the human resources with the IT combined ability in the field of fisheries and oceans in Busan. Also, it included the survey on the field of the human resource development which businesses require in Busan. The analysis showed that food industry was most preferred by job candidates and the most required efforts for self-development to employ was to improve their English skills. The most preferred area was Busan and their salary requirements were in the 25 million to 30 million Won range. In findings on survey of businesses, businesses showed a profound interest in HACCP qualification in sea food and logitics manager qualification, and thought that the abilities that job candidates must have were communication and creativity rather than major and skills.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.266-273
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• 2015

Keeping in mind that there are only limited social, economic and administrative resources for reducing marine casualties, the result of statistical survey showed the loopholes of safe maritime transport system, and rendered that most casualties occurred in coastal waters by human errors. When the IMO Marine Casualty Investigation Code was utilized to reveal any structural vulnerability of the international measures, IMO was required to expand its roles to enhance the interface between Liveware and Environment of SHEL model. So, several risk assessment models were studied and found that Maritime Safety Audit System of the Republic of Korea could be a good example of enhancing safe interface between navigators (Liveware) and the navigational circumstances (Environment). It could be dealt with at IMO level as a tool for applying at human error enforcing waters. International cooperative research for upgrading risk assessment modes should also be future terms of reference.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.85-99
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• 2018

This study is to compare and evaluate the estimating method of WTP(willingness to pay) for the valuation of oceans and fisheries resources with non-market goods characteristics using contingent valuation method. In general, when estimating parameters of the WTP function, we should take into account the assumption of probability distribution, inclusion of covariates, method of inducement of payment, and the treatment of 0 payment intention and resistance responses. This study utilizes survey data that was used to estimate the value of fisheries resource protection zones, with a total of 1,200 samples. The main results of this study are summarized as follows: First, the final willness to pay amount is estimated at a statistical significance of less than 1 percent, and the distribution of the final willness to pay amount is from \6,926 of the double bounded dichotomous model to \10,721 of the spike model. Second, the willness to pay amount based on assumptions about the normal and logistic probability distributions are estimated to be \9,429 and \9,370 respectively, so there was no significant difference. Third, the willness to pay amount of the single bounded dichotomous model and the double bounded dichotomous model are estimated to be \8,951 and \6,926 respectively, making a relatively large difference. Fourth, the willness to pay amount of the model without covariates and the model with covariates are estimated to be \9,429 and \8,951, respectively, so the willness to pay amount is underestimated when the covariates are included. Fifth, the Spike model that considers zero payment intention and resistance response estimates \10,405 as the highest payment in this study. Finally, the CVM analysis guidelines proposed by the Korea Development Institute (KDI) are estimated to be \9,749 and \10,405 respectively, depending on including no covariates and with covariates. Compared to other models, the final willness to pay amount is not estimated underestimated. Therefore this study suggests the use of KDI's guidance under government public policy projects. In view of these results, the estimating model for willness to pay amount model will be selected by considering the sample size, the suitability of the model, the sign of the estimated coefficient, the statistical significance, the ratio of the zero payment intention and the payment rejection. And, for CVMs on government public policy projects, it is desirable to estimate by the method proposed by the KDI.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2013

The Norwegian coastal area is the most efficient region for fishery production in the world's oceans, the Norway is the world's top 10 fisheries countries through efficient fishing and fishing aquaculture technology and its scientific management of fisheries bio-resources, with Norwegian salmon having attained the world's highest level. In the late 1980s, fisheries resources were depleted due to overfishing and fish diseases, resulting in a crisis in the fishing industry that lasted until the early 1990s. Since the national fishery emergency, people involved in the fishing industry, including fishermen, research scientists, and government officers, have tried to overcome the challenges facing the industry and identify an appropriate management model for fisheries bio-resources in the Norwegian coastal area. First, research vessels were used to monitor water and sediment conditions and fishery species, with the long-term aim of predicting fishery resources in real time and collecting information on species diversity, abundance, and distribution. Second, a "Healthy Fish Project" was promoted to counter natural disasters and fish disease problems with the development of vaccines against viruses and bacteria, eventually allowing for a decrease in the use of antibiotics and the production of notably healthier fish in the 2000s. Third, a systematic management model was developed to help with preparations for decreases in the total number of fishermen and increases in the proportion of elderly fishermen in the fishery industry using the development of automatic fishing aquaculture systems and short-chain systems. We could learn from the Norwegian model of fisheries bio-resources, management and could adopt it for the preparation of fishery bio-resources management policy for South Korean coastal areas in the near future.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.453-465
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• 2017

UN adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, a set of 17 objectives with 169 targets expected to guide actions over the next 15 years (2016-2030). One goal expressly focuses on the oceans, that is, SDG 14 'Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development'. More than 30% of fish stocks worldwide were classified by FAO(2016) as overfished. Globally, world capture fisheries are near the ocean's productive capacity with catches on the order of 80 million metric tons. Aquaculture production is increasing rapidly and is expected to continue to increase, but aquaculture encounters some environmental challenges, including potential pollution, competition with wild fishery resources, potential contamination of gene pools, disease problems, and loss of habitat. Accordingly, there have been a variety of world organization and conferences stressing the importance of the implementation of the ecosystem-based fisheries management(EBFM) to overcome these problems. Annual catch of Korean fisheries have shown continuously declining patterns since late 1990s. Most fish stocks are currently known to be over-exploited, and some stocks are depleted due to the increase in fishing intensity and over-capitalization of fishing fleets. Other reasons for the depletion are land reclamations and coastal pollution, which destroy spawning and nursery grounds along the coastal regions. Aquaculture production is also increasing rapidly in Korea. However, several important issues such as gene pool and interaction with capture fisheries should be considered. The EBFM approach should use the best available information coupled with a reasonable application of the precautionary approach. The EBFM has global relevance, and so the real challenge will be to develop and use reliable, robust and cost-effective means of assessing and monitoring the status of ecosystems and their resources, and rapid means of detecting any undesirable and excessive impacts that threaten sustainable use. Future fisheries education should take into account UN's SDGs, which were adopted to achieve the global 2030 agenda. However, there are some difficulties in the current fisheries education system in Korea. First, the current education organizations are limited within the old frame of traditional fisheries sciences. Second, the fisheries education is currently lack of the future-oriented education system and of customized schools or departments. Third, the on-going fisheries education has been based upon few educational policies which are sufficiently relevant to holistic SDGs of the global standard. Accordingly, directions to modern fisheries education for achieving SDGs would be, first, the transition of fisheries education structure into the future-oriented and customized education system. Second, fisheries education needs to shift to the new paradigm, which combines traditional fisheries science education with related fields such as oceanography and environmental sciences to adopt the concept of EBFM. Lastly, fisheries education should accompany relevant policies for effectively achieving SDGs.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-97
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• 1987

Tuna and tuna fishing extend over most of the tropical waters of the world oceans, especially, this study of the Indian Ocean and the fish and the fishing vessels are highly mobile. No country can deal in isolation with the problems of its tuna fishery and of any tuna fishery in its waters, without collaborating with other countries. This cooperation is often best established through some formal international mechanism. The essential requirements are for information-on the resources, the fishery, the trade-and to identify where management actions are needed to consore the resources or to maintain the economic or social function of the fishery. These will also usually require some form of international mechanism. With the changes in the Law of the Sea, the siuuation in respect of management of tuna-considered among the highly migratory species, requirng special treatment-has also changed. At present there are both uncertainty regarding tuna management and political arguments as to how such management can be best implemented. Bearing this in mind, together with the fact that only few tuna stocks have shown clear evidence of serious depletion through over-exploitation, present emphasis will be placed on information requirements. This study included compiling the data necessary to review the state of stoks in the Indian Ocean tuna fishing grounds. Information on the resources-where the fish are, their quantity, their movements, etc. is important, whether in planning development of new fisheries, or considering the need for collaboration with other countries (in ascertaining to what extent their catches may affect catches of the natoinal fleet) or for conservation measures. A major source of information is the statistics of for conservation measures. A major source of information is the statistics of catch and fishing effort from existing commercial vessels. These need to be assembled for all fisheries on the same stock on an oceanwide basis. The statistical data also need to be analysed and intepreted, and combined with biological data(e.g., on growth, mortality and migration rates) to provide information that is intelligible and useful for administrators and other decision-makers. This must also be undertaken on a resource-wide or ocean-wide basis. Finally, because of the world-wide similarities in the methods of datching, processing and marketing fish, there is a particular tut not exclusive need in those countries just beginning to develop their tuna fisheries-to have ready access to a syntheis of information on tuna, tuna biology and tuna fisheries and tuna fisheries economics and management on the Indian Ocean.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.394-402
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• 2016

In order to manage and rebuild fishery resources, the fishing effort should be controlled effectively. Especially in the setting up of the proper level of fishing efforts, economic standards as well as biological standards must be carefully considered to promote the sustainable and economically viable development of fisheries. This study aimed to analyze the optimal economic fishing effort ($E_{MEY}$) as the most economically efficient one for the Eastern Sea Danish seine fisheries. The results showed that the optimal economic fishing effort ($E_{MEY}$) of Eastern Sea Danish seine fisheries for blackfin flounder should be reduced by about 27%. That is, reducing fishing efforts up to the level of $E_{MEY}$ could lead to the reduction of fishing costs, thereby resulting in the increased fishing profits.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.13.1-13.9
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• 2019

Background: Marine invertebrates are well known as pivotal bioresources with bioactive substances such as anti-inflammatory sterols, antitumor terpenes, and antimicrobial peptides. However, there are few scientific reports on chemical compositions and bioactivities of marine invertebrates from the East Sea of South Korea. Methods: In this study, chemical compositions and biological activities were evaluated on both 70% EtOH and hot water extracts of 5 species of marine invertebrates (Crossaster papposus japonicus, Actinostola carlgreni, Stomphia coccinea, Actinostola sp., and Heliometra glacialis) collected from the East Sea of South Korea. The antioxidant activities were measured by ABTS radical scavenging assay. The cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated using MTT and Griess reagents. Moreover, the antibacterial effect was evaluated using paper disc assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Results: In the results of antioxidant activities, 70% EtOH extract of A. carlgreni showed the highest activity ($IC_{50}\;0.19{\pm}0.03mg/ml$) compared to other extracts. Moreover, 70% EtOH extract of A. carlgreni could significantly suppress the nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7. All extracts treated under $400{\mu}g/ml$ have no cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 macrophages. In the antibacterial test, both 70% EtOH extracts of C. papposus japonicus and H. glacialis showed a significant antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC values were evaluated at 256 and $512{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Conclusions: These results suggested the bioactive potentials of marine invertebrates from the East Sea of South Korea in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.737-739
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• 2003

Today, satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems plays an important role as a advanced science and technology, and becomes a superpower tool of the study and research in various fields of Earth Science. This study reviews the application of satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems for many specialists in the fields of the fishery and ocean science. In future, satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems will be greatly used to observed, monitor and predict various phenomena associated with the fisheries and oceans, in order to seek safety in a natural disaster, and menage and conserve the fisheries and resources and the oceanic environments.