• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.10
• /
• pp.4564-4571
• /
• 2012

This study performed a virtual reality exercise program for self-back pain control of industrial workers with chronic back pain and analysed their physical function and health-related quality of life relating to industrial chronic back pain. The subjects of the study were thirty chronic back pain patients working for K company and were divided into Nintendo Wii Sports Group made of 15 subjects and Physical Therapy Group made of 15. As variables for physical functions, back strength, flexibility, balance and pain were measured and for the health-related quality of life, SF-36 of each group was measured before and after the exercise program. To compare differences before and after the program, a paired t-test was used and to compare differences between both groups, an independent samples t-test was used. As a result of the test, it was discovered that balance and pain of the both groups were improved statistically significantly. Physical functions of the Nintendo Wii Sports Group were improved statistically significantly in comparison with those of the Physical Therapy Group. The health-related quality of life was improved statistically significantly only for the Nintendo Wii Sports Group. In conclusion, it is suggested that as the virtual reality exercise program had a positive influence on chronic back pain of industrial workers, it should be considered as a home exercise program for back pain control.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.515-524
• /
• 2017

The aim of this study was investigated the effect of self-exercise based on health care application on upper extremity function and daily living, satisfaction in patients with stroke. This experiments were participated in thirty patients with stroke. All subjects allocated that randomized each fifteen patients in experimental and control groups. Subjects of both group received the conventional rehabilitation therapy during 30 min/day, 5 for week, for 4 weeks. Additionally, experimental group performed that self-exercise based on health care application, supervised under caregivers, during 30 min/day. Additionally, control group conducted only self-exercise supervised under caregivers, during 30 min/day. The outcome measures were the JHFT(: Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test), FMA(: Fugl-Meyer Assessment), K-MBI(: Korean Modified Barthel Index), VASS(: Visual Analog Satisfaction Scale). In results of study. Two groups showed significant improvements after intervention in all tests(p<.05). In comparison of change score between both group, experimental group showed greater significant improvements than control group in JHFT(p<.05). The experimental group was significant higher than control group in VASS(p<.05). We suggested that self-exercise based on health care application can have a positive effects of the improvements of hand function and satisfaction than usual self-exercise in patients with stroke.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.296-305
• /
• 1998

A study was performed to evaluate an effect of toluene or ethanol pretreatment on the toluene metabolism. A slight liver damage in rats was induced by administration of 0.2 ml of toluene or 0.2 ml of 50% ethanol per 100 g of body weight intraperitoneally every other day for four weeks except the last day before sacrifice. One day before sacrifice, toluene was administered to rats pretreated ethanol or toluene and the control. Rats were sacrificed at the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd and the 4th week after the first administration of xenobiotics mentioned above. Based on the histopathological findings, liver weight per body weight, serum alanine aminotransferase and hepatic glutathione content, toluene- or ethanol-pretreated groups showed the reversible liver injury. By the treatment of one dose of toluene, the contents of hippuric acid in urine was higher in the group pretreated with toluene or ethanol than control. The contents of cytochrome P-450, benzylalcohol dehydrogenase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activities were generally more increased in toluene- or ethanol-pretreated rats than control. $K_m$ values of the benzylalcohol dehydrogenase in pooled liver samples from toluene- and ethanol-pretreated groups were similar each other. $V_{max}$ values of toluene- or ethanol-pretreated group was higher than control. In conclusion, the toluene metabolism is accelerated in rats pretreated with toluene or ethanol.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.20 no.7
• /
• pp.799-809
• /
• 2011

Objectives: This study is aimed at identifying the influential factors on the pulmonary function of ordinary residents in the surrounding areas of Yeosu Industrial Complex. Methods: The PFT (Pulmonary Function Test) was conducted on the target residents numbering 989 people (male 361, female 628). The exposed group (813 people) resided within the radius of 5km from Yeosu Industrial Complex and the control group (176 people) resided in the radius of more than 15 km from May 2007 to November 2007. The survey also took into account other factors including personal characteristics, life habits, respiratory diseases and allergic symptoms, medical histories, and the living environments of the residents in order to further identify influential factors on pulmonary function. Result: When comparing the PFT values of the exposure groups to the control group of the same city, values of the exposure groups were meaningfully lower with an %$FEV_1$ of 107.05% and %FVC of 100.28%. Conversely, the control group reported an %$FEV_1$ and %FVC of 107.26% and 102.85% respectively, indicating that ambient air pollutants reduce lung function. The odds ratio of asthma diagnosis history increased when a subjects residence was close to a heavily trafficked road, traffic amount was huge, a bed was used, and the family had less than four members. However the results were not statistically meaningful. The odds ratios of abnormal pulmonary function were statistically higher among those with asthma(OR=4.29, CI=1.75-10.56), wheezing (OR=2.59, CI=1.24-5.41), and nasal congestion (OR=2.87, CI=1.36-6.08) (p<0.01). The factors affecting $FEV_1$ were symptoms including asthma, passive smoking and allergic eye disease ($R^2$=0.049, p<0.001). For the FVC symptoms including asthma ($R^2$=0.014, p<0.001) were measured. The analysis showed that FVC decreased with increases in $O_3$ and CO(p<0.01). Furthermore, $FEV_1$ decreased with increases in $O_3$(p<0.01). Conclusions: These results will provide preliminary data for establishing responsive measures to protect the health of residents in industrial complexes from air pollution, and to develop lasting environmental health policies.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.355-358
• /
• 2011

Objective : Subdural hygroma (SDG) is a complication occurring after head trauma that may occur secondary to decompressive craniectomy (DC). However, the mechanism underlying SDG formation is not fully understood. Also, the relationship between the operative technique of DC or the decompressive effect and the occurrence and pathophysiology of SDG has not been clarified. Purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of SDG after DC in our series. Methods : From January 2004 to December 2008, DC was performed in 85 patients who suffered from traumatic brain injury. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological features. For comparative analysis, we divided the patients into 2 groups : one group with SDG after craniectomy (19 patients; 28.4% of the total sample), the other group without SDG (48 patients; 71.6%). The risk factors for developing SDG were then analyzed. Results : The mean Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores at discharge of the groups with and without SDG were 2.8 and 3.1, respectively (p<0.0001). Analysis of radiological factors showed that a midline shift in excess of 5 mm on CT scans was present in 19 patients (100%) in the group with SDG and in 32 patients (66.7%) in the group without SDG (p<0.05). An accompanying subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was seen in 17 patients (89.5%) in the group with SDG and in 29 patients (60.4%) in the group without SDG (p<0.05). Delayed hydrocephalus accompanied these findings in 10 patients (52.6%) in the group with SDG, versus 5 patients (10.4%) in the group without SDG (p<0.05). On CT, compression of basal cisterns was observed in 14 members (73.7%) in the group with SDG and in 18 members of the group without SDG (37.5%) (p<0.007). Furthermore, tearing of the arachnoid membrane, as observed on CT, was more common in all patients in the group with SDG (100%) than in the group without SDG (31 patients; 64.6%) (p<0.05). Conclusion : GOS showed statistically significant difference in the clinical risk factors for SDG between the group with SDG and the group without SDG. Analysis of radiological factors indicated that a midline shifting exceeding 5 mm, SAH, delayed hydrocephalus, compression of basal cisterns, and tearing of the arachnoid membrane were significantly more common in patients with SDG.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.30 no.10
• /
• pp.1203-1210
• /
• 1997

This study was performed from March to June 1994 in ANsung Medical Center. We investigated serum components of 78 diabetics in the center, in addition to the nutrient intake status and anthrophometric status of 60 diabetics among them. We separated the latter into 2 groups(ⅰ) less tan 5 years of diabetic duration and ⅱ) more than 6 years of diabetic duration) and analyzed the clinical characteristics of each group. The results are as follows : \circled1 The average ages of male and female subjects were 57.1 and 58.9 years, respectively. The average diabetic duration of male subjects was 4.8 years and that of female subjects was 5.9 . The major occupational field of both male and female subjects was agriculture(33.3%, 36.1%). 50% of male and 75% of female subject's monthly incomes were less than 600, 000 won and 75% of male and 94.4% of female subjects had weekly food expense less than 40, 000 won. The nutrient intake status of the subjects was lower than RDA on the whole. There was no big differences between 2 the male groups of different diabetic duration , but calorie, protein , fat carbohydrate, phosphorus, iron and Vit B$_1$intakes of the above 6 year female group were appearently higher than those of the under 5 year female group (p<0.05). There were different intake tendencies between male and female subjects . For females. the longer the diabetic duration, the less intakes of calorie, protein , fat carbohydrate, phosphorus, iron Vit B$_1$, Vit B$_2$, and niacin were observed. Furthermore, the longer the diabetic duration in females , the more intakes of energy and nutrients, except Vit C were observed. Fasting blood glucose levels were 155mg/dl and 164mg/dl and Postprandial glucose levels were 242mg/dl and 247mg/dl for males and females respectively. Hb of both males and females , and Ht of males met the lower limit of normal status, The serum TG level was higher than normal , so that they seemed to suffer from hyperlipidemia ; their high HbAIC status indicated that the management of diabetes mellitus was poor. The total protein level of female subject was higher when compared with that of males(p<0.05). All subjects blood pressure were higher than normal , and the longer the diabetic duration, the higher was the blood pressure. The serum HDL-cholesterol levels of the above 6 year group male subjects were lower(p<0.05) than those of the under 5 year male group subjects, and the former group's systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher than those of the latter(p<0.05). Levels of serum total protein, albumin and TG of the above 6 year female group were lower than those of the under 5 year female group(p<0.05). As the diabetic duration was extended, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels showed a tendency to increase, while Hb, Ht, total protein, albumin, and A/G, which represent the nutrients state of iron and protein, were inclined to decrease. This result showed that serum lipid components went bad. To summarize the results, the longer the diabetic duration, the worse were the male subjects nutrient intake status, but those of the female subjects were good. With respect to serum components and serum lipid subjects Fe, protein, nutrition status and serum lipid component got worse as the diabetic duration was extended , implying the possibility of diabetes mellitus complication grows.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.11 no.10
• /
• pp.995-1002
• /
• 2016

The aim of this study was investigated the effect of orofacial exercise program using smart phone on swallowing function and tongue strength in acute stroke patients with dysphagia. This study participated in sixteen acute stroke patients with dysphagia. All subjects allocated that randomized each eight patients in experimental and control groups. Subjects of both group received to conventional dysphagia therapy during 30 min/day, 5 times per week, for 4 weeks. Experimental group performed additionally that orofacial exercise program using smart phone, supervised under caregivers, during 30 min/day. The outcome measures were the IOPI(: Iowa Oral Performance Instrument), VR(: Vellecula Residue), PSR(: Pyriform Sinuses Residue), MIP(: Maximum Isometric Pressures). In results of study. Both group showed significant improvements after intervention in all assessments(p<.05). In comparison of change score between two groups, experimental group showed significant improvements than control group in PSR and MIP(p<.05). Orofacial exercise program using smart phone suggested that expected to positive effects the reduction of residue in pharynx and improvements of tongue strength in acute stroke patients with dysphagia.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.433-437
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to measure circumference of four body parts of each Sasang groups with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), and evaluate its usefulness for Sasang type diagnostic test. We obtained the circumference measures of neck (CN), chest (CC), waist (CW), and hip (CH) of 91 college students using BIA and standardized by sex and age. The validity of Sasang group prediction with CC was evaluated. The Tae-Eum group (104.87${\pm}$5.19, 108.47${\pm}$4.96, 116.00${\pm}$9.39, 110.4${\pm}$5.29. neck, chest, waist and hip, respectively) has significantly (p<0.001) bigger circumferences than So-Yang (97.79${\pm}$3.82, 100.02${\pm}$4.21, 101.02${\pm}$7.88, 101.95${\pm}$4.06) and So-Eum (95.63${\pm}$4.67, 96.93${\pm}$4.80, 97.63${\pm}$7.72, 99.86${\pm}$4.40) groups at very four measures. Discriminant functions with CC can be used for Tae-Eum Sasang type diagnostic test with 91.2% of overall Percentage Correctly Predicted (PCP). Tae-Eum type-specific sensitivity was 73.3% and Tae-Eum type-specific specificity was 94.7%. The strength and weakness of measurement and standardization methods for Sasang type diagnostic test, and the methods for the standardization of physical traits with sex and age were discussed. Our study showed distinctive physical features of Tae-Eum type and the usefulness of BIA for the Sasang type diagnosis.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.124-135
• /
• 2012

Purpose : The objective of this study was to investigate the differences of hippocampal volume and shape as well as the functional change between long life experienced taxi drivers and controls of Korean population. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional T1-weighted images and blood oxygen level dependent functional MRI(fMRI) were obtained from 8 subjects, consisting of 4 experienced (20-30 years) taxi drivers and 4 age-matched controls. The hippocampal volume and shape were analyzed with three-dimensional T1-weighted images. In addition, neuronal activities of brain were analyzed using a blood oxygen level dependent fMRI between the two groups. Results: The hippocampal volume showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). The left hippocampi of the taxi drivers were slightly elongated with larger head and tail portions than those of the controls (p < 0.05, uncorrected). For the functional MRI, fusiform gyrus was specifically activated in taxi drivers, compared with the control group. Conclusion: The structural and functional changes of taxi driver's hippocampus indicate the functional differentiation as a result of occupational dependence on spatial navigation. In other words, the continuous usage of spatial navigation performance may diminish degeneration of hippocampus and the related brain regions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.187-192
• /
• 2017

Objectives: It is difficult to identify exposure factors in the semiconductor industry due to low exposure levels to hazardous substances and because various processes take place in fabrication (FAB). Furthermore, a single worker often experiences a variety of job histories, so it is difficult to classify similar exposure groups (SEG) in the semiconductor industry. Therefore, we intend to develop a new exposure index, the period of working in FAB, that is applicable to the semiconductor industry. Methods: First, in specifying the classification of jobs, we clearly distinguished whether they were FAB workers or non-FAB workers. We checked FAB working hours per week through questionnaires administered to FAB workers. We derived an exposure index called FAB-Year that can represent the period of working in FAB. FAB-Year is an index that can quantitatively indicate the period of working in FAB, and one FAB-Year is defined as working in FAB for 40 hours per week for one year. Results: A total of 8,453 persons were surveyed, and male engineers and female operators occupied 90% of the total. The average total years of service of the subjects was 9.7 years, and the average FAB-Year value was 6.8. This means that the FAB-working ratio occupies 70% of total years of service. The average FAB-Year value for female operators was 8.4, for male facility engineers it was 7.7, and for male process engineers it was 3.5. A FAB-Year standardization value according to personal information (gender, job group, entry year, retirement year) for the survey subjects can be calculated, and standardized estimation values can be applied to workers who are not participating in the survey, such as retirees and workers on a leave of absence (LOA). Conclusions: This study suggests an alternative method for overcoming the limitations on epidemiological study of the semiconductor industry where it is difficult to classify exposure groups by developing a new exposure index called FAB-Year. Since FAB-Year is a quantitative index, we expect that various approaches will be possible in future epidemiological studies.