• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 1997

The specific purpose of this study is to develop the numerical guide for the cost-benefit analysis of ORE ($/person-Sv reduction) to meet the criterion of ALARA in the design stage of the KNGR. In deriving the guide, the risk factor which is defined by the risk to unit collective radiation exposure dose (deaths/person-Sv) and the monetary value of human life ($/death) are required. The risk factor has been estimated from various clinical data accumulated for a number of years and continuously modified. And the monetary value of human life is usually quantified using the human capital approach. In this study, the risk to radiation exposure perceived by a group of people is investigated through an extensive poll survey conducted among university students in order to modify the existing risk factor for radiation exposure. And in evaluating the monetary value of human life, the QOL factor is introduced in order to incorporate the degree of public welfare or quality of life. As a result of study, a value within the range of 151, 000~172, 000 dollars per person-Sv reduction is recommended as the appropriate interim numerical guide for cost-benefit analysis of ORE to meet the criterion of ALARA in the design stage of the KNGR. A poll survey was also conducted in order to see whether the public acceptance cost of nuclear power should be incorporated in developing the guide, and the result of study shooed that such a cost does not need to be considered.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제31권
• /
• pp.7.1-7.6
• /
• 2016

Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate radiation exposure resulting from the comprehensive health examinations of selected university hospital programs and to present basic data for research and management strategies on the health effects of medical radiation exposure. Methods Radiation-based diagnostic studies of the comprehensive health examination programs of ten university hospitals in Seoul, Korea, as introduced in their websites, were analyzed. The medical radiation studies of the programs were reviewed by radiologists. Only the effective doses of the basic studies were included in the analysis. The optional studies of the programs were excluded. Results Among the 190 comprehensive health examination programs, 132 programs (69.5%) included computed tomography studies, with an average of 1.4 scans. The average effective dose of radiation by program was 3.62 mSv for an intensive program for specific diseases; 11.12 mSv for an intensive program for cancer; 18.14 mSv for a premium program; and 24.08 mSv for an overnight program. A higher cost of a programs was linked to a higher effective dose (r=0.812). The effective doses of the examination programs for the same purposes differed by as much as 2.1 times by hospital. Inclusion of positron emission tomography-computed tomography was the most critical factor in determining the level of effective dose. Conclusions It was found that radiation exposure dose from comprehensive health exam programs targeted for an asymptomatic, healthy public reached between 3.6 and 24 times the annual dose limit for the general public. Relevant management policies at the national level should be provided to minimize medical radiation exposure.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.79-99
• /
• 2015

본 연구의 조사대상은 대구, 경북지역에 소재한 대학교에 재학 중인 방사선과를 전공하는 대학생을 조사대상으로 2014년 2월 3일부터 2월21일까지 설문조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 방사선피폭관리에 대한 지식에 대해서는 'X선의 차폐는 납이나 콘크리트로 된 물질이 가능 하다', '인체에서 생식선은 방사선에 매우 민감한 부분이다' 문항에서 가장 높은 점수를 보였고, '직업상 피폭선량은 규정된 5년간에 대해 평균하여 연간 20 mSv를 넘을 수 없다'는 방사선피폭관리에 대한 지식이 가장 낮은 점수를 보였다. 2. 방사선피폭관리에 대한 태도에 대해서는 '방사선피폭과 관련하여 정기적인 건강진단을 받아야한다'. '방사선 조사지역에서 작업 시 방호복을 착용해야한다'는 문항에서 가장 높은 태도 수준을 보였고, '방사선장치의 선량보정 (Calibration)을 위한 선량측정을 정기적으로 해야 한다'는 방사선피폭관리에 대한 태도에서 가장 낮은 태도수준을 보였다. 3. 방사선피폭관리에 대한 행위에 대해서는 '방사선 조사 시 방어벽(판) 뒤에서 작업을 한 다'. '방사선피폭관리에 관한 교육을 정기적으로 받는 다'는 문항에서 가장 높은 행위 수준을 보였고, '근무지의 방사선 관련 장비가 순조로운 작업 상태로 되어 있는가를 사용 전 점점(Check)한다'는 가장 낮은 행위 수준을 보였다.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.244-248
• /
• 2021

Background: Sunburn is the main avoidable cause of skin cancer. Beach lifeguards spend many hours exposed to the effects of solar radiation during their work day, precisely at times of the year when levels of solar irradiation are highest. The aim of this study is to quantify the risk to beach lifeguards of sun exposure. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Western Costa del Sol, southern Spain, during the summer of 2018. The research subjects were recruited during a skin cancer prevention course for beach lifeguards. All participants were invited to complete a questionnaire on their habits, attitudes, and knowledge related to sun exposure. In addition, ten were specially monitored using personal dosimeters for three consecutive days, and the results were recorded in a photoprotection diary. A descriptive analysis (mean and standard deviation for the quantitative variables) was performed, and inter-group differences were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Two hundred fifteen lifeguards completed the questionnaire, and 109 met the criteria for inclusion in this analysis. The mean age was 23.8 years (SD: 5.1), 78.0% were male, 71.5% were phototype III or IV (Fitzpatrick's phototype), and 77.1% had experienced at least one painful sunburn during the previous summer. The mean daily personal ultraviolet exposure per day, the minimal erythema dose, and the standard erythema dose, in J/m², were 634.7 [standard deviation (SD): 356.2], 2.5 (SD: 1.4) and 6.35 (SD: 3.6), respectively. Conclusion: Beach lifeguards receive very high doses of solar radiation during the work day and experience correspondingly high rates of sunburn. Intervention strategies to modify their sun exposure behavior and working environment are necessary to reduce the risk of skin cancer for these workers and to promote early diagnosis of the disease.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study is to review the results of exposure to chemicals and to extremely low frequency(ELF) magnetic fields generated in wafer fabrication operations in the semiconductor industry. Methods: Exposure assessment studies of silicon wafer fab operations in the semiconductor industry were collected through an extensive literature review of articles reported until the end of 2015. The key words used in the literature search were "semiconductor industry", "wafer fab", "silicon wafer", and "clean room," both singly and in combination. Literature reporting on airborne chemicals and extremely low frequency(ELF) magnetic fields were collected and reviewed. Results and Conclusions: Major airborne hazardous agents assessed were several organic solvents and ethylene glycol ethers from Photolithography, arsenic from ion implantation and extremely low frequency magnetic fields from the overall fabrication processes. Most exposures to chemicals reported were found to be far below permissible exposure limits(PEL) (10% < PEL). Most of these results were from operators who handled processes in a well-controlled environment. In conclusion, we found a lack of results on exposure to hazardous agents, including chemicals and radiation, which are insufficient for use in the estimation of past exposure. The results we reviewed should be applied with great caution to associate chronic health effects.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.549-558
• /
• 2004

TTo comply with increasingly strict regulations for protection against radiation exposure, many nuclear power plants have been working ceaselessly to reduce and control both the radiation sources within power plants and the radiation exposure experienced by operational and maintenance personnel. Many research studies have shown that deposits of irradiated corrosion products on the surfaces of coolant systems are the main cause of occupational radiation exposure in nuclear power plant. These corrosion product deposits on the fuel-clad surface are also known to be main factors in the onset of axial offset anomaly (AOA). Hence, there is a great deal of ongoing research on water chermistry and corrosion processes. In this study, a magnetic filter with permanent magnets was devised to remove the corrosion products in the coolant stream by taking advantage of the magnetic properties of the corrosion products demonstrated a removal efficiency of over 90% for particles above 5${\mu}m$. This finding led to the construction of an electromagnetic device that causes the metallic particulates to flocculate into larger aggregates of about 5${\mu}m$ in diameter by using a novel application of electromagnetic flocculation on radioactive corrosion products.

• 핵의학기술
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.157-170
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 의료기관에 종사하는 의료방사선 작업종사자에게서 직업적 방사선 피폭으로 인한 인체 내 생리적인 변화를 통해 만성적 저선량 방사선피폭의 위험도를 예측하며 현 수준의 변화 상태를 파악하기 위한 목적으로 서울시내 일개 대형병원에서 최근 1~9년간 방사선 작업종사자로 근무한 370명을 대상으로 남녀 간의 체내 혈액성분의 수치변화를 대조군과의 비교 분석을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 종사자의 1~9년간 평균 방사선 누적선량은 남자가 $9.65{\pm}15.2\;mSv$, 여자가 $4.89{\pm}5.55\;mSv$로 남자에서 높았으며 이는 통계적으로도 유의하였다(p<0.01). 2. 남녀 종사자 모두에서 누적선량과 종사기간의 차이에 따른 검사항목들과의 상관성은 매우 미약하였다(r<${\pm}0.25$) 3. 종사기간이 증가할수록 남자에서는 백혈구의 감소자와 증가자, 혈색소의 감소자, 당질의 증가자 비율 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.05), 여자에서도 백혈구의 감소 및 증가자, 호산구의 감소자의 비율이 유의하게 높았다(p<0.01). 4. 누적선량의 증가할수록 남녀모두에서 오히려 이상분포를 보이는 항목은 줄어들었으며, 남자는 림프구와 혈소판의 감소자가 유의하게 높았고(p<0.05) 여자는 림프구와 적혈구의 감소뿐만 아니라 종사기간에서 이상을 보였던 백혈구의 감소 및 증가자 역시 유의한 증가를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 5. 전체적인 변화를 보면 남자 종사자에서는 혈액성분 중 적혈구, 혈소판, 림프구가 주로 감소되며 백혈구는 감소와 증가양상을 같이 보였다. 화학성분 중 당질의 증가가 유의했지만 큰 의미는 없었다. 여자 종사군에서는 남자와 똑같게 백혈구가 감소, 증가 양상을 동시에 보였으며 그밖에 적혈구와 림프구, 호산구의 감소가 유의했다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 비록 낮은 선량에 피폭이 되고 있는 의료방사선 종사자일지라도 방사선 피폭에 있어서는 자유롭지 못하여 그 영향으로 인한 체내 생물학적 변화를 겪을 수 있으며 그 변화는 선량에 의존하기 보다는 다분히 확률적일 수 있다는 사실이다. 그러므로 항상 미연에 피폭을 방지하기 위한 노력을 종사자 스스로 기울임을 물론 관련 당국 또한 종사자들의 건강을 체계적으로 관리할 수 있는 시스템을 하루빨리 구축하여 방사선 피폭으로 인한 직업병의 발생의 우려를 없애야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제49권5호
• /
• pp.288-300
• /
• 2016

Objectives: Diagnostic medical radiation workers in Korea have been officially monitored for their occupational radiation doses since 1996. The purpose of this study was to design models for reconstructing unknown individual radiation doses to which diagnostic radiation technologists were exposed before 1996. Methods: Radiation dose reconstruction models were developed by using cross-sectional survey data and the personal badge doses of 8167 radiologic technologists. The models included calendar year and age as predictors, and the participants were grouped into six categories according to their sex and facility type. The annual doses between 1971 and 1995 for those who were employed before 1996 were estimated using these models. Results: The calendar year and age were inversely related to the estimated radiation doses in the models of all six groups. The annual median estimated doses decreased from 9.45 mSv in 1971 to 1.26 mSv in 1995, and the associated dose variation also decreased with time. The estimated median badge doses from 1996 (1.22 mSv) to 2011 (0.30 mSv) were similar to the measured doses (1.68 mSv to 0.21 mSv) for the same years. Similar results were observed for all six groups. Conclusions: The reconstruction models developed in this study may be useful for estimating historical occupational radiation doses received by medical radiologic technologists in Korea.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제10권11호
• /
• pp.449-457
• /
• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 PET/CT 검사시 공간선량을 측정 비교함으로써 방사선 발생원과 종사자간 선량의 상관관계를 규명하고 효율적인 관리를 통해 피폭선량을 감소시키는데 있다. 최근 PET/CT 검사의 증가는 동위원소 사용량의 증가와 더불어 종사자의 피폭 증가의 원인이 되고 있다. 따라서 각 방사선 발생원에서의 공간선량을 비교 분석하고 개인방호복과 차폐체 사용에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 양전자 방출핵종인 $^{18}F$ 방출 감마선 고에너지(511 keV)에서 개인방호복(0.5 mm pb) 사용은 미사용 시 보다 더 많은 피폭을 초래함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.143-154
• /
• 1995

최근에 정자기장을 사용하는 새로운 기술이 개발되어 인체가 정자기장에 노출될 가능성이 커지게 되어 건강에 영향을 줄 우려도 증가되었다. 여러 나라에서 정부를 비롯한 권위 있는 기관들이 주로 자기공명 영상법(MRI)이나 고에너지물리학에서의 입자가속기와 같은 특수 용도를 위해 노출한도를 제시해 왔다. 산업적인 면과 의학에서의 정자기장의 응용이 앞으로 더 많아져서 직업적이거나 일반공중이거나 간에 노출 가능성이 증가되고, 또 정자기장(static magnetic field)에 영향을 받는 강자성(强磁性) 이식조직 이나 전자장치를 부착한 사람들의 수도 증가하고 있으므로 국제적인 노출한도에 대한 지침이 필요하게 되었다. 본고에서는 비 이온화방사선(NIR)에 대한 국제방사선방어학회/비이온방사선방어위원회(IRPA/ICNIRP)의 제반지침을 검토하기 위하여 이 IRPA/ICNIRP(이전의 INIRC의 것도 포함)의 기본지침 중 정자기장에 대한 노출한도에 관한 지침을 택하여 논하였다.