• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.151-179
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to make an empirical analysis on the factors affecting the intention for the continuous use of the BSC system, which has been recently spread in the public sector. Because the object of acceptance is the performance management system based on BSC (Balanced Scorecard) implemented in the form of information systems, this study proposes a research model by applying TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). Independent variables are factors affecting the acceptance of BSC system such as training, communication, IS support, CEO support and personal innovativeness, and we examine their effects on the dependent variable, namely, intention on continuous use via mediating variables: perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. A questionnaire survey was conducted with public institutions(firms) that had introduced and were operating the BSC system; 264 valid questionnaires are adopted. Collected data are analyzed using SPSS 16.0 and AMOS 7.0. Results of reliability test show that all analyzed data are reliable. In validity test, one item regarding communication was excluded; 9 latent variables and 34 observed variables are used in the final analysis. Based on the results of the hypothesis test through path analysis using a structural equation model, 10 out of 16 hypotheses are accepted. Factors affecting perceived usefulness are training and IS(Information System) support. The analysis results indicate that perceived ease of use is mainly affected by IS support, CEO support, and personal innovativeness among the factors related to the acceptance of the BSC system. This suggests that, contrary to the expectation that the BSC system may be used without difficulty, the management's active support is required in order to attain expected improvement in productivity and work efficiency. This was also pointed out in case studies on the construction of the BSC system in public sectors. On the other hand, perceived ease of use is found to affect perceived usefulness. This supports the results of previous researches on TAM. Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are found to affect the attitude towards the use of the system. The intention on continuous use is affected more by perceived usefulness than by the attitude towards the use of system. This result supports the results of previous researches on TAM, showing that the BSC system is utilized substantially in worksites. This study is considered meaningful in that it was actually performed on users at public institutions(firms) that had introduced the BSC system and that it empirically tested hypotheses on the acceptance of the BSC system by applying TAM to the research model.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.295-305
• /
• 2010

이 연구는 경호비서의 직업사회화 과정을 규명하는데 있다. 이 연구에서는 서울 소재 사기업에 재직하고 있는 3년 이상의 경력의 경호비서를 연구대상자로 설정하였다. Spradley(1980)의 문화기술적분석으로 도출한 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 준비기는 현장에 경호비서로 나가기 직전까지의 준비단계를 의미한다. 이러한 준비기는 경호비서가 되기 위한 준비, 경호비서 준비 내용의 중요성, 대학 교과목의 유용성, 필요한 교과목, 자격증이 포함된다. 둘째, 적응기는 경호비서가 대학 교육을 마친 후 현장에서 전문가로 성장해가는 과정이며 경호와 비서의 비중, 업무의 체계성과 직업 정체성, 경호비서에게 필요한 능력, 노력해야 할 요소, 직업만족, 정보원, 직업의 전문성, 직업의 장래성이 포함된다. 셋째, 갈등기는 경호비서직에 회의를 느끼며 갈등과 방황을 하는 시기이며 직장 내 갈등, 어려운 점, 문제해결을 위한 노력, 업무량 만족, 직무스트레스, 경호비서에 대한 타인의 인식, 이직준비 경험, 보완 사항이 포함된다. 넷째, 성숙기는 경호비서가 관리자로서 성장하는 시기로 경호비서의 역할 및 역량 변화, 업무처리의 자율성, 타자(他者)의 능력인정, 업무수행능력 평가방법, 급여, 사회적 위상과 자부심, 자기발전을 위한 노력이 포함된다.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.445-453
• /
• 2012

The aim of this paper was to prove that if the risk level in combined tasks was improved through evaluation of postural load of liquid weight measurement process, the workload level and ratio of exposure time would be changed, and the time of process would be seen concurrently. Background: According to results of epidemiological studies conducted by Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency, 122 musculoskeletal disorders occurred during 1992 to 2008, in which manufacturing industry covers 96(78.7%) of total. However, this is an insufficient level and only occupies 39% based on the South Korea's manufacturing standard industrial classification(246 industries). Method: Firstly, the number of batches weighed on one day(460min) was investigated based on the work performed and Weight measured weekly. VCR recording was taken based on the level of liquid ingredients prescribed for 1batch using the Camcorder. After dividing a 356 sec video into 1 sec using the screen capture function in Gom player, the job classification was performed by analyzing the change of working postures, which revealed 148 working postures. Time measurement was decided by time of the postures was being maintained. Then, the REBA analysis was performed for the working postures. The ratio of Exposure time was calculated based on the measurement time and REBA Score. In addition, the recommendations were designed and implementation was carried out for the working postures with REBA Score higher than 3. Finally, after the intervention, REBA measurement, time measurement, and ratio of exposure time were calculated for the comparison of works before and after improvement. Results: The number of work elements was decreased by 30.4% from 148 to 103 after improvement. The results of time measurement showed that the time was reduced by 46.3% from 356 sec to 191 sec. And the ratio of exposure time was also improved by 52.1% from 0% to 52.1% after improvement. Conclusion: The reduction of time was found to improve the productivity of management. Furthermore, because the reduction of ratio of exposure time and the improvement of workload level are the improvement of discomfort, it would contribute to the improvement of the worker's psychological working posture. Application: These results would contribute to musculoskeletal disease prevention and management performance. Further studies for other industries would be needed based on this case study.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.124-135
• /
• 2012

목적: 본 연구에서는 숙달된 택시운전기사들을 대상으로 내비게이션 시스템을 이용하여 운전하는 한국인 대조군에 비교하여 해마의 부피와 모양 그리고 기능적 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 총 8명의 대상군(4명의 숙달된 택시운전기사들과 4명의 같은 나이대 일반인 대조군)에 대해 삼차원 T1강조영상과 혈류산소 수준에 따른 기능성 자기공명영상을 촬영하였다. 해마의 용적과 모양, 기능성 자기공명영상 자료를 분석하여 두 군간에 신경 활성도 차이를 비교하였다. 결과: 해마의 용적은 두 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p > 0.05). 해마의 모양을 보면, 택시운전기사군의 왼쪽 해마가 대조군에 비해 전체 길이가 약간 길고 머리와 꼬리부분이 약간 더 컸다(p < 0.05, uncorrected). 기능성 자기공명영상에서는 택시운전기사군에서 대조군에 비해 방추상회가 특히 활성화되어 있었다. 결론: 택시운전기사군의 해마가 보이는 이러한 구조적, 기능적 변화는 그들의 직업과 관련하여 공간적 탐색능력을 지속적으로 사용하면서 해마와 관련 뇌영역이 기능적으로 분화했음을 나타내는 소견으로 추측할 수 있겠다.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.258-265
• /
• 2001

Objectives : Chronic alcohol consumption has been known to result in various neurocognitive deficits. Many neuropsychological studies revealed that the major disturbances occurred in the executive function, learning and short-term memory, visuospatial performance function, perceptuo-motor skills, and abstraction and problem solving abilities. This study was done to identify which cognitive areas might be mainly affected. Methods : The cognitive disturbance was evaluated using the Korean Version of the Mini Mental State Examination(MMSEK) and the 7 Minute Screen(7MS) in male inpatients with alcohol dependence(N=3 : as well as in age and education level matched healthy male controls(N=30). Four individual tests of the 7MS were consisted of the Benton Temporal Orientation Test, the Enhanced Cued Recall, the Clock Drawing and the Category Fluency. Results : 1) The average scores of four individual test of the 7MS for the alcoholics were $2.77{\pm}4.38$ for the Benton Temporal Orientation Test, $13.90{\pm}2.02$ for the Memory Test(the Cued Recall $6.77{\pm}1.94$, the Uncued Recall $7.10{\pm}2.45$), $5.84{\pm}1.86$ for the Clock Drawing, and $12.58{\pm}3.29$ for the Category Fluency. Except the Benton Temporal Orientation Test, there were statistically significant differences between test scores of alcoholics and those of controls(p<0.01). 2) The alcoholics who had MMSE-K score <24 were 9.68%. The average(${\pm}S.D.$) score of the MMSE-K for the patient group($27.23{\pm}2.62$) was significantly(p<0.001) lower than that of the healthy controls($29.20{\pm}1.24$). There were no statistically significant differences between four individual test scores of the 7MS of alcoholics with the MMSE-K score <24(N=3) and those of alcoholics with the MMSE-K score ${\geq}24$(N=28). 3) Four individual test scores of the 7MS seemed to have statistically significant association with such variables as MMSE-K, duration of alcohol drinking, blood magnesium concentration, liver function and thyroid function. Conclusion : Mild deficits of cognitive areas such as orientation, memory, visuospatial abilities and verbal fluency could be found in alcohol dependence.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.467-478
• /
• 2006

본 연구는 지금까지 돈사 악취 제어를 목적으로 이용되었던 여러 종류의 첨가제를 살포 방법을 통해 실제 돈사 현장에 적용하여 악취 저감 효율 및 지속성을 비교 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 소금물, 인공 식향료, 식물성 천연향료를 제외한 나머지 4개의 첨가제는 살포 전과 후의 악취 저감 현상이 뚜렷이 관찰되지 않았다. 소금물의 경우 특히 암모니아 농도의 시간에 따른 저감율이 현저했는데, 이는 소금물의 염소 이온이 피트 분뇨내 암모늄 이온과 결합, 수용액 상태로 존재하게 하여 대기 중으로 암모니아 발생을 억제했기 때문이라 판단된다. 인공 식향료의 경우 악취 원인 물질 농도의 저감 현상은 보이지 않았으나, 관능법으로 평가된 악취 강도와 불쾌도 측면에서는 상당한 제어 효과가 관찰되었다. 이러한 현상은 인공 식향료가 돈사내 피트 슬러리에서 발생되는 악취 원인 물질을 분해한다기 보다는 돈사내 악취 은폐제로써 작용하여 지속성은 짧지만 효율적인 악취 저감 작용을 한 것으로 사료된다. 식물성 천연향료의 경우 악취 강도와 불쾌도, 황 계열 악취 물질의 저감 효과가 다른 첨가제에 비해 상대적으로 월등하게 나타났다. 인공 식향료와는 달리 식물성 천연 향료는 은폐 효과와 더불어, 분뇨내 황 계열 악취 원인 물질을 생성하는 혐기성 미생물 군집의 생장을 제어하는 antimicrobial agent로서의 역할도 하는 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 악취 센서기를 통해 측정된 악취 농도는 위와는 상반된 결과가 나타났는데, 이는 악취 센서기가 인공 식향료와 식물성 천연향료가 자체적으로 지닌 향 성분도 악취의 한 범주로 인식되어 유도된 결과라 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 나타난 결과는 현장에서 수행된 분석 결과로 실험 당일 날의 외부 기후 상황 및 돈사내 환경 여건에 따른 돼지들의 반응 행동 양상에 따라 실험 결과에 상당한 영향을 준다는 사실을 염두하여 고찰할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.391-400
• /
• 2005

Objective : This study examined the socioeconomic differentials for the health and health related behaviors among South Korean middle school students. Methods : A nationwide cross-sectional interview survey of 3,449 middle school second-grade students and their parents was conducted using a stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method. The response rate was 93.3%. The socioeconomic position indicators were based on self-reported information from the students and their parents: parental education, father's occupational class, monthly family income, out-of-pocket expenditure for education, housing ownership, educational expectations, educational performance and the perceived economic hardships. The outcome variables that were measured were also based on the self-reported information from the students. The health measures included self-rated health conditions, psychological or mental problems, the feelings of loneliness at school, the overall satisfaction of life and the perceived level of stress. The health related behaviors included were smoking, alcohol drinking, sexual intercourse, violence, bullying and verbal and physical abuse by parents. Results : Socioeconomic differences for the health and health related behaviors were found among the eighth grade boys and girls of South Korea. However, the pattern varied with gender, the socioeconomic position indicators and the outcome measures. The prevalence rates of the overall dissatisfaction with life for both genders differed according to most of the eight socioeconomic position indicators. All the health measures were significantly different according to the perceived economic hardship. However, the socioeconomic differences in the self-rated health conditions and the psychosocial or mental problems were not clear. The students having higher socioeconomic position tended to be a perpetrator of bullying while those students with lower socioeconomic position were more likely to be a victim. Conclusions : The perceived economic hardships predicted the health status among the eighth graders of South Korea. The overall satisfaction of life was associated with the socioeconomic position indicators. Further research efforts are needed to explore the mechanisms on how and why the socioeconomic position affects the health and health related behaviors in this age group.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2000

Objectives : This study was undertaken to evaluate correlation between the levels of hippuric acid in blood plasma (HAP) and those of toluene concentration in the workplace air. Methods : Study subjects were composed of two groups; 21 workers who were occupationally exposed to toluene and 25 rural-area residents who were not exposed to any known occupational toluene source, as an exposed group and a reference group, respectively. Mean age and work duration of the exposed was 42 years and five years, respectively. Mean age of the reference was 42 years. To determine toluene concentrations in the workplace air, air sampling has been conducted for more than six hours using a personal sampler, and analyzed by a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Concentrations of hippuric acid in biological samples were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector. Results : Geometric mean(geometric standard deviation) of HAP and hippuric acid in urine(HAU) for the exposed was 1.39(2.21) mg/L and 2.77(1.46) g/L, respectively, which were significantly different from those of the reference [HAP, 9.45(2.94); HAU, 0.37(0.45)]. Teluene concentration in the workplace air was 86.92(range: $45.18\sim151.23$)ppm. The level of HAP or HAU was significantly correlated (r=0.70 and r=0.63, respectively) with that of toluene in the workplace air. The estimated regression equation was logHAP(mg/L)=-3.60+1.93 log(toluene, ppm) or logHAU(g/L)=-0.85+0.67 log(toluene, ppm). The magnitude of correlation was further enhanced when analyzing relationship between toluene concentrations lower than 100 ppm and its corresponding HAP levels. Conclusion : Overall, plasma hippuric acid levels were well correlated with toluene concentrations in the workplace air, and a statistically significant correlation was observed for the samples with toluene concentration lower than 100 ppm.

• 한국지역지리학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.217-231
• /
• 2012

지리는 동아시아 삼국의 상호이해를 증진하는데 필요하고 충분한 조건을 갖춘 도구 교과이지만, 중국의 지리교육에 대한 국내 연구는 매우 부진하다. 이에 중국의 지리교육과정 변천 과정과 최근의 교육과정인 '지리과정표준'의 구성체계와 그 특징을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중국의 지리교육과정은 정치적 이념과 사회적 변화의 영향을 크게 받았으며, 번창${\rightarrow}$위축${\rightarrow}$진흥${\rightarrow}$발전의 과정으로 발달하였다. 둘째, 최근의 지리과정표준은 종합성과 실용성을 추구하는 내용표준 중심의 개혁적인 교육과정으로, 학생 중심 그리고 지리적 지식과 기능의 유기적 연계를 추구하는 활동 중심으로의 변화가 가장 큰 특징이다. 셋째, 지리과정표준은 크게 서언, 과정목표, 내용표준, 실시건의의 4부분으로 구성되어 있다. 넷째, 초급중학교 지리교육과정에서는 지구와 지도, 세계지리, 중국지리, 향토지리 4영역의 기초적인 지리 지식과 기본적인 지리 기능을 강조한다. 다섯째, 고급중학교 지리교육과정은 3개의 필수과목과 7개의 선택과목으로 구성되어 있으며, 학생들의 장래 직업과 지역 실정을 고려한 지리교육을 강조하고 있다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.310-318
• /
• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 국내 안전보건경영시스템의 올바른 정착과 지속적인 개선을 통한 산업재해를 줄이기 위한 시스템 성숙도평가를 제안하는데 있다. KOSHA 18001시스템 실행의 현재 수준파악과 성숙도 측정의 검증을 통한 결과로서 다음 내용으로 요약된다. 시스템의 지속적인 성숙도 등급 향상을 위해서는 경영층 인식부문(의사결정) 46.0%, 본사지원활동 32.0%, 현장실행참여 22.0%로 중요도 로 검증되었다. 본사/현장의 활동은 위험성평가, 안전보건 재해예방활동, 성과평가 및 모니터링, 자원관리 및 지원, 경영검토 및 개선 등 활동의 중요도 순으로 실행 우선순위가 결정되었다. 또한, 전문가 그룹은 시스템의 강점, 약점, 개선주제를 제시함으로써 지속적인 개선활동과 연계시켜야 시스템을 정착할 수 있다고 제시하였다. 셋째, 안전보건경영시스템 실행의 성숙도 등급을 관리할 수 있는 도구를 제시하였다.