• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2017

Background: Benzene is a known occupational and environmental pollutant. Its urinary metabolite trans, trans-muconic acid (tt-MA) has been introduced by some environmental and occupational health regulatory associations as a biological index for the assessment of benzene exposure; however, recently, doubts have been raised about the specificity of tt-MA for low-level benzene exposures. In the present study, we investigated the association between urinary levels of tt-MA and inhalational exposure to benzene in different exposure groups. Methods: Benzene exposure was assessed by personal air sampling. Collected benzene on charcoal tube was extracted by carbon disulfide and determined by a gas chromatograph (gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector). Urinary tt-MA was extracted by a strong anion-exchange column and determined with high-performance liquid chromatography-UV. Results: Urinary levels of tt-MA in intensive benzene exposure groups (chemical workers and police officers) were significantly higher than other groups (urban and rural residents), but its levels in the last two groups with significant different exposure levels (mean = 0.081 ppm and 0.019 ppm, respectively) showed no significant difference (mean = $388{\mu}g/g$ creatinine and $282{\mu}g/g$, respectively; p < 0.05). Before work shift, urine samples of workers and police officers showed a high amount of tt-MA and its levels in rural residents' samples were not zero. Conclusion: Our results suggest that tt-MA may not be a reliable biomarker for monitoring low-level (below 0.5 ppm) benzene exposures.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2017

Purpose: This study examined the effects of the fumanet exercise program on the cognitive function and fall down-related physical fitness factor in elderly people. Method: The study period was May 2-June 24, 2016. The participants included 20 elderly persons (control group 10, experimental group 10) who registered at the day-care Center in G. City. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis of the control and experimental groups' general characteristics. The chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to identify the two groups' general characteristics' and dependent variables' homogeneity. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the pre-and post-intervention cognitive function and fall down-related physical fitness factor, and a Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the rate of cognitive function and fall down-related physical fitness factor changes between the groups after the intervention. Result: The participants' fall down-related physical fitness factors (balance, gait, leg strength) increased and memory in the cognitive function sub-area improved in the participants who participated in the fumanet exercise program. The amount of change in gait was significantly different between the control and experimental groups. Conclusion: The fumanet exercise program included gait training using the learn, remember and repeat phased steps. Therefore, this study proposes using the fumanet exercise program to improve the elderly's cognitive function and physical fitness factor.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.297-308
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• 2008

This study developed career education program applying cooperative learning structures (Kagan, 1993, 1995, 1997), and tested its effect on elementary school children's career development. Sixth grade students of 2 classes were divided into experimental and control group, and 14 sessions of the program were applied to the experimental group for 8 weeks. Career development test(Lee, 2005) were performed before and after the program. Students in both groups were retested 3 months after the post-test to test continuing effects of the program. Score tendencies and their differences between experimental group and control group of children in 3 career development areas - self-awareness, educational and occupational exploration, and career planing - were tested and the results are as follows: development of 3 areas of self-awareness, educational and occupational exploration, and career planing were consistently increasing along the experimental sequence in experimental group, while the development of 3 areas showed no changes or declining tendencies in control group. Self-awareness and educational and occupational exploration did not show the statistically significant differences between the groups. Meanwhile, the career plaining showed statistically significant difference between the groups in post-test, meaning that the career education program with cooperative structure has positive effects on the career planing in 6th grade students.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.557-557
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• 2019

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2015

Background: To investigate the relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and comorbid health problems, including depression/anxiety disorder, insomnia/sleep disorder, fatigue, and injury by accident, and to determine whether certain physical and psychological factors reduce comorbid health problems. Methods: In total, 29,711 employees were selected from respondents of the Third Korean Working Conditions Survey and categorized into two groups: Musculoskeletal Complaints or Musculoskeletal Sickness Absence. Four self-reported health indicators (overall fatigue, depression/anxiety, insomnia/sleep disorder, and injury by accident) were selected as outcomes, based on their high prevalence in Korea. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the relationship between comorbid health problems, musculoskeletal complaints, and sickness absence. Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints and musculoskeletal sickness absence due to muscular pain was 32.26% and 0.59%, respectively. Compared to the reference group, depression/anxiety disorder and overall fatigue were 5.2-6.1 times more prevalent in the Musculoskeletal Complaints Group and insomnia/sleep disorder and injury by accident were 7.6-11.0 times more prevalent in the Sickness Absence Group. When adjusted for individual and work-related physical factors, prevalence of all four comorbid health problems were slightly decreased in both groups. Conclusion: Increases in overall fatigue and depression/anxiety disorder were observed in the Musculoskeletal Complaints Group, while increases in insomnia/sleep disorder and injury by accident were observed in the Sickness Absence Group. For management of musculoskeletal complaints and sickness absence in the workplace, differences in health problems between employees with musculoskeletal complaints and those with sickness absence as well as the physical and psychological risk factors should be considered.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.109-123
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• 2000

Inhaled halogen compound was examined through micronucleus tests and toxicity tests using SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats with repeated dosages for six hours a day, five days a week, during four weeks. In four-week repeated exposure, no specific sign caused by the $CF_3I$ compound was observed on the clinical symptoms, body weight variation, feed consumption, and urinalysis data in the testing groups with reference to the control group. In hematological and biochemical blood tests of the testing groups, the significant, but in their normal ranges, value dependencies of glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and etc., on the halogen carbohydride concentration was observed. In histo-pathological tests, no specific lesion or concentration dependent change due to the $CF_3I$ compound dosage was observed in both sexes of the female and male in the tested animals. But, micronucleus tests on marrow cells extracted from the tested animals which were repeatedly exposed in the $CF_3I$ compound during four weeks, the frequencies of micronuclei were significantly increased dose-dependently compared to the control groups.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.481-496
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• 2022

이번 연구는 소아 환자를 치료할 때 소아 진료 치과의사와 일반 진료 치과의사들에게 스트레스를 유발하는 원인과 직무 스트레스 정도에 대해 알아보고자 하였으며 66명의 소아진료 치과의사와 125명의 일반 진료 치과의사, 총 191명의 연구대상자를 통해 평가하였다. 소아 환자 치료 시 2개의 군 모두 환자의 협조도 부족에 의해 가장 높은 스트레스를 느꼈으며 이외에도 예후의 불확실성과 낮은 수가, 보호자의 협조도 부족 등에 의해 스트레스를 나타내었다. 또한 보호자의 협조도 부족과 예후의 불확실성에 의해 소아 진료 치과의사가 일반 진료 치과의사보다 유의하게 높은 스트레스를 받고 있었다(p < 0.05). 전반적 직무스트레스는 2개의 군 모두 환자, 시간, 직무 환경, 수입 관련 스트레스 순으로 높았으며 소아 진료 치과의사의 스트레스 정도가 더 낮았다. 직업적 번아웃은 '냉소주의'에서 2개의 군 모두 98% 이상이 번아웃을 보였으며 '정서적 소진'은 69% 이상이 번아웃을 보여 그 비율이 매우 높았다. 또한 '성취감 저하'는 번아웃의 비율이 낮았으며 소아 진료 치과의사가 일반 진료 치과의사에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 성취감을 나타내었다(p < 0.05). 이번 연구를 통해 2개의 군 모두 높은 직무 스트레스를 보였으며 이를 완화하기 위한 노력이 필요하다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2012

Objectives: To compare the exposure level of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields among semiconductor workers, shipyard welders and office workers. Methods: To measure the ELF magnetic field concentration, EMDEX LITE (Enertech, USA) were used and monitored for eight hours continuously. Five companies handling the electric and magnetic field (EMF) source were investigated, which the exposure groups were classified into three groups: semiconductor workers, welders, and office workers. Welder group was chosen as a high exposed group and office group as a low exposed group. Results: The arithmetic mean (${\pm}SD$) and geometric mean (GSD) of personal exposure level of semiconductor workers were 0.73 (${\pm}1.33$) ${\mu}T$, 0.43 (2.88) ${\mu}T$, respectively. The ceiling value ranged between 0.18 and 123.2 ${\mu}T$. Welders were exposed high with the arithmetic mean value of 3.46 (${\pm}\;13.46$) ${\mu}T$ and geometric mean value of 0.45 (4.70) ${\mu}T$, respectively, and ceiling value range of 75.5~129.6 ${\mu}T$. The exposure levels of office workers were low compared to other exposed groups; the arithmetic mean 0.05 (${\pm}0.13$) ${\mu}T$, geometric mean 0.03 (2.38) ${\mu}T$ and ceiling value range 0.37~3.35 ${\mu}T$. This study revealed statistically significant differences of the mean ELF magnetic field exposure doses among three groups (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The average ELF magnetic field exposure doses of semiconductor workers were much higher than those of office workers in control group, but were lower than those of welders in high exposure group.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2015

This study was done on the basis that IT convergence-contents can help the elderly. The effects of IT convergence-contents were analyzed on the occupational performance of the elderly. This investigation was done with 100 elderly people above 65 years of age who lived in local community and two senior welfare centers in Busan and Kyeongbuk. The 100 elderly people were split into two groups of 50: the one group who has experience with IT convergence-contents was the experiment group, and the other group with no experience was the control group. In both groups, body functions, cognitive functions, activities of daily living and community participation were tested. The experimental group had higher scores for cognitive function, and activities of daily living than that of the control group. In conclusion, future studies can support continued IT convergence-contents at the local business community level rather than with smaller samples. This work lays the groundwork for follow-up studies to evaluate the effectiveness of IT convergence-contents.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.115-127
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• 2021

목적 : 본 연구는 원격재활에 기반 한 작업치료가 뇌졸중 환자의 실행기능, 일상생활수행, 작업수행에 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : 지역사회에 거주하며, 재활병원에 외래로 통원하는 환자 30명을 실험군과 대조군에 각각 15명씩 무작위 할당하여 연구를 진행하였다. 실험군 집단과 실험군의 중재는 모두 주 3회 18회기로 실시하였다. 실험군 15명에게는 전통적 작업치료와 함께 더불어 가정에서의 원격재활 기반 프로토콜을 적용하였다. 대조군 15명은 전통적 작업치료만 실시하였다. 실험 참가자의 실행기능과 수단적 일상생활수행은 실행기능 수행평가 한국판(Executive Function Performance Test Korean version; EFPT-K)으로 측정하였고, 기본적 일상생활활동은 수정된 바델 지수(Modified Barthel Index; MBI), 작업수행은 클라이언트 중심의 과제수행을 측정하기 위해서 캐나다 작업수행 측정(Canadian Occupational Performance Measure; COPM)을 이용하였다. 결과 : 중재 후 실험군과 대조군은 모두 실행기능, 수단적 일상생활활동, 작업수행에서 유의한 변화가 있었으나(p<.05), 기본적 일상생활수행에서는 유의한 변화가 없었다. 집단 간 비교에서는 작업수행에서만 실험군이 대조군보다 유의하게 더 많은 증진이 나타났다. 결론 : 원격재활과 작업치료는 뇌졸중 환자의 실행기능, 수단적 일상생활수행, 작업수행의 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 작업치료에 병행된 원격재활은 뇌졸중 환자의 작업수행에 추가적인 효과가 있음을 근거로써 제시한다.