• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.191-204
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to find the general trends of patriarchal characteristics at workplace and to investigate the differences according to related variables. The concept of patriarchal characteristics at workplace is defined in terms of three aspects of work, human relation, and sexual harassment. The data were obtained through 880 employed women living in Chonbuk-Province. The major findings were as follows : 1) As to the aspects of work and human relation, it was found that employed women very highly experienced the inequality such as sexual division of labor, sex-discrimination, sexual segregation, and women degradation. 2) Over the 90% of respondents reported that they had experienced the victimization of sexual harassment at workplace at least once. 3) The work-related variables(the type of occupation, the size of workplace, the length of employed women's continuance service, the ratio of employed women at workplace) in the degree of patriarchal characteristics were more important then demographic variables(age, education, marriage status)

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2010

This paper studies the program to estimate simultaneously the proper size and the number of lecture rooms by sizes in university when the curriculum has been fixed and the number of students present at a lecture class can be predicted. Proposed gradual forms can be applied according to several variables like basis size of lecture rooms, structural modules of the building and ratio of occupation of lecture rooms etc. The validity of proposed method is verified through the application of real case.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 1995

Clinical study was performed on 128 cases who complained of hoarsseness in according to causes therapies. which causes were newly known and advanced treatment methods were developed. The following results were obtained : 1) Among 128 cases, male was 45.3%, and female 54.7%, so sex ratio was 1:1.2. 2) The highest incidence of age causing hoarseness in order of frequency were 4th decade 30.5%, 5th decade 26.6% and 6th decade 24.8%. 3)The underlying diseases causing hoarsensess in oder of frequency were functional dysphonia 26.5%, laryngeal nodule 17.7% and chroic laryngitis 16.3%. 4) In view of the occupation. sterss group was 84.1% and non-stress group 15.9%. 5) The highest incidence of associated diseases in order of frequency were gastro intestinal diseases 29.7%, hypertension 9.4% and pulmonary tuberculosis 2.3%. 6) Vocal hygiene and voice therapy are the most needful therapeutic modalities.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2009

Objectives : South Korea has experienced unprecedented ups and downs in the sex ratio at birth(SRB), which has been a unique phenomenon in the last two decades. However, little is known about socioeconomic factors that influence the SRB. Employing the diffusion theory by Rogers, this study was undertaken to examine the trends in social variations in the SRB from 1981 to 2004 in Korea. Methods : The data was taken from Vital Birth Statistics for the period from 1981-2004. We computed the annual male proportion of live births according to the parental education(university, middle/high school, primary) and occupation(non-manual, manual, others). Logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate the odds ratios of male birth according to social position for the equidistant three time periods(1981-1984, 1991-1994, and 2001-2004). Results : An increased SRB was detected among parents with higher social position before the mid 1980s. Since then, however, a greater SRB was found for the less educated and manual jobholders. The inverse social gradient for the SRB was most prominent in early 1990s, but the gap has narrowed since the late 1990s. The mother's socioeconomic position could be a sensitive indicator of the social variations in the sex ratio at birth. Conclusions : Changes in the relationship of parental social position with the SRB were detected during the 1980-2004 in Korea. This Korean experience may well be explained by diffusion theory, suggesting there have been socioeconomic differences in the adoption and spread of sex-detection technology.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-61
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• 2006

Objective: Drinking drive is a nationally recognized social problem. This research aimed to describe the relationship between drinking behavior and drinking drive based on the social demographic characteristics. Methods: This paper used secondary data for analyses which was derived from the national representative samples of adults; National Health and Nutrition Surveys by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 1998 and 2001. For data analyses, univariate analysis, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were adopted for the samples of male adults who were driving and 20 years old and more. Results: The prevalence of drinking drive varied significantly among socio-demographic characteristics. The year prevalence rates of drinking drive were 29.1% in 1998 and 16.4% in 2001. In the rates of drinking drive, males were higher than those of females in both years. By age, twenties to thirties showed the highest ratio of drinking drive(odd ratio=18.8), compared with the sixties. Related to the occupation, the persons who were engaging in farming and fishery showed the highest ratio(odd ratio=3.73) of drinking drive in comparison to the unemployed. Conclusions: People who drink alcohol frequently tended to have more experiences of drinking drive. In addition, the drivers who drink more amount of alcohol drinking were significantly associated with higher rates of drinking drive, as well. Strategy based on the socio-demographic characteristics may provide a promising prevention of reducing drinking drive. Community-based efforts, education, self-awareness and public-awareness to address drinking and drinking drive problems are effective in reducing drinking drive. Enacting comprehensive regulations which control drinking drive can reduce both alcohol use and drinking drive.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.137-145
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to analyze the risk of preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) in extramarital birth by analyzing 2008-2012 birth certificated data (2,328,719 births) from Korea Statistics. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated from logistic regression analyses to describe the associations between PTB & LBW and extramarital birth adjusted for maternal age, maternal occupation & education, infantile sex, birth order and number of child birth (singleton & multiple birth). The rate of extramarital birth was 1.8 percent and 2.1 percent in 2010-11. The incidence of LBW was 8.1 percent in extramarital birth and 5.0 percent in marital birth. The incidence of PTB in extramarital birth were 8.2 percent and 5.8 percent in marital birth. Compared with marital birth, the odds ratio (OR) for PTB were 1.48 (95% CI: 1.43-1.54) for extramarital birth. Risk of LBW was higher in extramarital birth (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.64-1.76) than that of marital birth. Among mothers younger than 20 years, the odds ratio of PTB among extramarital birth, relative to married birth was 1.69 (1.49-1.91). Among unmarried mothers, those at a higher risk of LBW was aged 20-29 years (1.69: 1.59-1.79). Maternal unmarried status was associated with increased risk of PTB and LBW.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.583-592
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was performed to understand health perception, health practice, and depression of the elderly and to identify their depression level according to health perception and health practice. Method: The subjects were 463 elders who have lived in the Jeju Island and data were collected from June to August in 2005. Data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0. Result: The mean score of depression was 12.94 out of 30, and had a statistically significant correlation with educational level (F=2.943 p=.033), occupation (F=4.611. p=.010), and the number of chronic diseases (F=5.303. p=.001). When the cutoff of 18 points was applied based on Jung et al. (1997), the depression ratio was 12.4%, and when the cutoff parameter by Yesavage et al (1993) was applied, themoderate depression ratio was 74.8% and the severe depression ratio was 3.4%. In health recognition, consideration of usual health state had a significant correlation with depression (F=3.553 p=.007) but consideration of health state compared to the previous year wasn't. In health practice, sleeping was in a significant correlation with depression (F=3.574 p=.011), but smoking, alcohol drinking, exercise, and rest were not. Conclusion: Based on above results, we need further study on another sample group and the development, application, and verification of health management, education, and counseling programs for the elderly. Also, additional research should be made on significant factors of elderly depression.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.43-50
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was investigate the association between birth age related health factors and metabolic syndrome in women. The data of 6743 women from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2012-2014 KNHANES) were analyzed. Dependent variable was metabolic syndrom related variables were collected. Menopause status was associated with metabolic syndrome [odds ratio of with post-menopause 1.44(95% CI: 1.09-1.90)]. First birth age was associated with metabolic syndrome [odds ratio of women with 26-30 year : 0.81 (95% CI: 0.68-0.98); odds ratio of women 31 year over: 0.62(95% CI: 0.45-0.87)] after adjusted for age, region, household income, smoking, occupation. In conclusion, the metabolic syndrome is closely related to menopause and first birth age, and will be used as a basic data in developing future educational programs for women.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.122-130
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• 2010

The Study takes the rivers in Zhouzhuang - traditional Chinese Kangnam watery landscape as the object. The purpose of this study is to grasp the relationships between visual characteristics and the preference. The following is the research process: Firstly, the theoretical study of Zhouzhuang, the traditional Kangnam region in China, is conducted, the watery landscape is taken pictures, and 22 photos are selected. Secondly, in order to grasp the visual preference and landscape characteristics of the watery landscape in Zhouzhuang, 22 pictures and 25 pairs of adjectives are adopted for the questionnaire survey. Thirdly, in order to have a better understanding on the physical properties and effects of physical quantity on the preference, the occupation ratios of buildings and sculptures, natural elements, footpaths, bank revetments and other landscape elements are calculated, and the mean analysis, dispersion analysis and regression analysis are conducted. In order to grasp the landscape characteristics and preference factors, 25 pairs of adjectives are used to conduct the factor analysis. In order to grasp the effects of characteristics of visual factors on the preference, the dispersion analysis and regression analysis are carried out. The results are as follows: From the results of the landscape preference analysis, in the No.22 photo with the top preference, 11 pairs of adjectives, namely, "harmonious-disharmonious", "beautiful-ugly", "rural-urban", "soft-rough", "stable-instable", "romantic-realistic", "cheerful-gloomy", "brilliant-simple", "natural-artificial", "familiar-strange", and "clean-dirty" have positive effects on watery landscape. It can be viewed as the relatively important factor in the visual preference. In terms of the results of visual physical quantity analysis of traditional Chinese Kangnam watery landscape, the landscape with high occupation ratio of buildings and sculptures has positive effects on visual preference. The results of analysis of visual physical quantity and preference show that the preference degree increases as the occupation ratio of footpath area increases. The analysis results of visual characteristics of traditional Chinese Kangnam watery landscape identify four factors, namely psychological factor, cultural factor, condition factor and physical factor. It can be concluded from the results of analysis of the relationships between visual preference and visual characteristics that the return coefficient B of the psychological factor is +0.936. It can significantly affect the watery landscape, so it can be identified as the most important factor among the visual preference factors of Chinese Kangnam watery landscape.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 1994

The annual income (gross margin) in 1989/90 of a sample of 274 farmers in seven milk cooperatives was analyzed in the sugar cane, cassava, and horticulture areas in East Java. On average dairying contributed 42%, crops 29% and off-farm revenue 29%. Dairy income was highest in the cassava area, where it compensated for the low crop income, and lowest in the sugar cane area. Farm area and average milk yield per day per cow correlated positively with farmer's income, whereas crop income increase significantly with farm area and with the number of cows. The level of total cost per cow had a negative impact on dairy and with the number of cows. The level of total cost per cow had a negative impact on dairy and on total income. Government officials and other professionals engaged in dairying had a significantly higher total income than those with their main occupation in dairying, cropping or working as farm labourers. Uneducated farmers obtained a significantly larger income through crops, whereas farmers with tertiary education obtained more income through off-farm work, This study suggests that more attention must be paid to the actual use of labour and the improvement of the dairy output/cost ratio.