• 건축역사연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.9-23
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• 2001

This study is for the Kyungduk-Dan(as a altar of Milsung-Daegun) and The Manun-Jae the characteristics(lay out and planning, window patterns, structure, materials) of the the Korean traditional house during the modern era. Before Manun-Jae was used for the house. The Kyungduck-Dan was constructed in August according to the Lunar Calender in 1927. The Manun-Jae(house for Ki-hun Kang, millionaire ) was completed in 1924. Modern Architectures brought to Korea with the bricks, the tiles, the flash doors, the plate grasses, the brass hardwares. These architectural material was used in positive. During the construction of Manun-Jae in 1924, it happened the architectural exchage among a korean, a chinese and a japanese constructor. Though using the air exhaust valve at the kitchen of Ukyung-Kak( old Anchae), it could be assume that the modern convenience and the improvement of residential environments was considered at that period during the construction of Manun-Jae. That construction was elected with the brick($222mm{\times}106mm{\times}50mm$), the chinese colored tile and plate glass such a modem materials. The new shape of the korean lattice window and the wooden flash-door with glass was used. In Ukyung-Kak, the Chan-Maru(service space) and the kitchen such as a service space or concise utility zone was organically connected. Especially, considered the domesitic activity and circulation, the western kitchen sink and the Chan-Maru(service space) was rationally placed. At the Manun-Jae and the Kyungduck-Dan, the architectural characteristic is that the new shape of windows was used. The lattice window at the Ondol room of Ukyung-Kak, was rgadually added the plate glass and the wood plate. The lattice window with the grid shape at kitchen of that building was adapted japanese grid lattice window in korea at that period. It is the sample that korean traditional house was typically influenced from the japanese resident culture. The Manun-Jae and the Kyungduck-Dan as the modern house kept the form of korean traditional architecture, and was partially adapted a modern characteristic space and modern architectural materials. During the japanese occupancy, these residence can be showed the transition in formally.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.531-549
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• 2021

Analytical models were developed and seismic behaviors were analyzed for a three-story stone pagoda at the Cheollyongsa temple site, which was damaged by the Gyeongju earthquake of 2016. Both finite and discrete element modeling were used and the analysis results were compared to the actual earthquake damage. Vulnerable parts of stone pagoda structure were identified and their seismic behaviors via sliding, rocking, and risk analyses were verified. In finite and discrete element analyses, the 3F main body stone was displaced uniaxially by 60 and 80 mm, respectively, similar to the actual displacement of 90 mm resulting from the earthquake. Considering various input conditions such as uniaxial excitation and soil-structure interaction, as well as seismic components and the distance from the epicenter, both models yielded reasonable and applicable results. The Gyeongju earthquake exhibited extreme short-period characteristics; thus, short-period structures such as stone pagodas were seriously damaged. In addition, we found that sliding occurred in the upper parts because the vertical load was low, but rocking predominated in the lower parts because most structural members were slender. The third-floor main body and roof stones were particularly vulnerable because some damage occurred when the sliding and rocking limits were exceeded. Risk analysis revealed that the probability of collapse was minimal at 0.1 g, but exceeded 80% at above 0.3 g. The collapse risks at an earthquake peak ground acceleration of 0.154 g at the immediate occupancy, life safety, and collapse prevention levels were 90%, 52%, and 6% respectively. When the actual damage was compared with the risk analysis, the stone pagoda retained earthquake-resistant performance at the life safety level.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2019

우리나라 고유종 북방종개 Iksookimia pacifica의 분포양상 및 멸종위협을 평가하기 위하여 처음으로 정밀분포조사를 2017년부터 2018년까지 실시하였다. 북방종개는 조사기간 중 33개 하천, 104개 지점을 조사하여 17개 하천, 46개 지점 (고성군 배봉천~강릉시 군선천)에서 서식을 확인하였다. 서식개체수는 비교적 북천과 배봉천, 화상천, 천진천, 오호천 등에서 비교적 많았으나 사천천과 남천, 강릉남대천 등에서는 적었다. 서식지는 대부분 하천 중 하류의 물이 맑고 유속이 느리며 하상은 모래가 쌓인 소(pool)였으며, 위혐요인은 하천공사와 수질오염으로 추정되었다. 본 결과를 과거 출현기록과 비교하면, 처음으로 삼포천에서 서식을 확인하였으나 주수천과 전천, 삼척 오십천에서는 서식이 확인되지 않았다. 북방종개의 멸종위협을 평가했을 때 서식지가 3세대 동안 19.5%가 감소하고 작은 출현면적 ($1,343km^2$)과 점유면적 ($184km^2$)을 보였지만, 지소수가 많고(18개) 서식범위 내에서 비교적 넓게 퍼져 있으며 개체수도 비교적 많기 때문에 멸종위협 등급은 준위협(NT)으로 평가되었다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.74-83
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• 2021

우리나라의 멸종위기어류 열목어 Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis의 분포양상 및 서식지 특징, 멸종위협 등급을 평가하기 위해 분포조사를 2015년과 2019년에 실시하였다. 출현기록은 1990년 이전, 1997~2006년, 2000~2011년, 2010~2019년으로 나누어 정리하였다. 분포조사는 모두 150개 지점을 조사하여 67개 지점에서 542개체를 확인하였는데, 내린천 (11개 지점), 오대천(11개), 북천(10개), 방태천(8개), 송정리천(4개), 수입천(3개), 인북천(3개), 현동천(3개) 등의 순으로 지점수와 개체수가 많았다. 열목어의 주 서식지는 고도가 400 m 이상으로 높은 하천 상류로 유폭 4~20 m, 수심 1~2 m이며 큰돌의 비율이 70~80%로 높은 곳이었다. 감소 및 위협요인은 하천정비공사, 저수지 및 교량 건설, 오염수 배출, 여름철 피서객 유입, 보 등이었다. 멸종위협 등급을 IUCN 평가기준(A, B)에 따라 평가했을 때, 2000~2011년 대비 서식지 감소율(20.7%), 출현범위 (7,732 km²), 점유면적 (268 km²), 단절된 지소수 (15개), 서식지 질 하락 등을 근거로 근접한 취약(Near meets VU A2acd, B1b (i,ii,iii)+B2b (i,ii,iii))으로 나타나 최종 "준위협종(Near Threatened, NT)"으로 평가되었다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제12권
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• pp.137-160
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• 2003

The association between accounting earnings and the stock price of an entity is the subject that has been most heavily researched during the past 25 years in accounting literature. Researcher's common finding is that there are positive relationships between accounting earnings and stock prices. However, the explanatory power of accounting earnings which was measured by $R^2$ of regression functions used was rather low. To be connected with these low results, The prior studies propose that there will be additional information, errors in variables. This study investigates empirically determinants of earnings response coefficients(ERCs), which measure the correlation between earnings and stock prices, using earnings level / change, as the dependent variable in the return/earnings regression. Specifically, the thesis tests whether the factors such as earnings persistence, growth, systematic risk, image, information asymmetry and firm size. specially, the determinable variables of ERC are explained in detail. The image / information asymmetry variables are selected to be connected with additional information stand point, The debt / growth variables are selected to be connected with errors in variables. In this study, The sample of firms, listed in Korean Stock Exchange was drawn from the KIS-DATA and was required to meet the following criteria: (1) Annual accounting earnings were available over the 1986-1999 period on the KIS-FAS to allow computation of variables parameter; (2) sufficient return data for estimation of market model parameters were available on the KIS-SMAT month returns: (3) each firm had a fiscal year ending in December throughout the study period. Implementation of these criteria yielded a sample of 1,141 firm-year observation over the 10-year(1990-1999) period. A conventional regression specification would use stock returns(abnormal returns) as a dependent variable and accounting earnings(unexpected earnings) changes interacted with other factors as independent variables. In this study, I examined the relation between other factors and the RRC by using reverse regression. For an empirical test, eight hypotheses(including six lower-hypotheses) were tested. The results of the performed empirical analysis can be summarized as follows; The first, The relationship between persistence of earnings and ERC have significance of each by itself, this result accord with one of the prior studies. The second, The relationship between growth and ERC have not significance. The third, The relationship between image and ERC have significance of each by itself, but a forecast code doesn't present. This fact shows that image cost does not effect on market management share, is used to prevent market occupancy decrease. The fourth, The relationship between information asymmetry variable and ERC have significance of each by. The fifth, The relationship between systematic risk$(\beta)$ and ERC have not significance. The sixth, The relationship between debt ratio and ERC have significance of each by itself, but a forecast code doesn't present. This fact is judged that it is due to the effect of financial leverage effect and a tendency of interest.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.262-269
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• 2022

잔가시고기 Pungitius kaibarae의 분포양상 및 서식지 특징, 멸종위협등급을 평가하기 위해 2018년부터 2020년까지 분포 조사를 실시하였다. 과거 출현지점 수는 1980~1996년, 1997~2005, 2007~2017년으로 구분하여 정리한 결과, 각각 32개, 43개, 64개 지점이었다. 분포 조사는 75개 하천, 193개 지점을 조사하여 26개 하천, 39개 지점에서 1,400개체를 채집하였다. 잔가시고기는 주로 고도가 낮고 유속이 느리며 수초가 많은 하천 하류 또는 기수역에 서식하였다. 위협요인으로 가뭄 및 홍수, 홍수복구와 하천정비 공사, 교량 건설, 외래종 배스의 포식 등이었다. IUCN 평가기준에 따른 멸종위협등급을 평가한 결과, 10년 동안 서식지 감소율 42.6%, 서식지의 질적 하락, 외래종 배스의 확산 및 영향 등을 근거로 취약(Vulnerable, VU A2ace)으로 평가되었다. 따라서 잔가시고기는 환경부 멸종위기종으로 재지정하고 체계적으로 관리해야 할 것이다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2014

The seabird plays an important role as one of the indicator species for the status of and changes within marine ecosystems. Therefore, the conservation of seabirds and their habitats is important for maintaining the structure and function of marine ecosystems. Biological invasions affect most ecosystems on oceanic islands. In particular, Rattus spp. is the invasive species with the greatest impact on the seabird population. Introduced predators, like rats, severely affect seabirds and endanger them worldwide. The breeding population of Streaked Shearwaters Calonectris leucomelas in Sasu Island is one of biggest seabird colonies in Korea, and the Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus is known as an alien predator in this island. In this study we investigated rates of burrow occupancy and breeding success of Streaked Shearwaters for 7 years, and the impact of Norway Rats on the breeding success of Streaked Shearwaters breeding in Sasu Island for 4 years. Our results show that the percentage of breeding burrows decreased according to breeding stage during several years in the monitoring period, and that predation by the Norway Rat was the main cause in hatching failures. Consequently, although our results indicate that their breeding population is not likely to decline, Norway Rats have been affecting the breeding status of Streaked Shearwaters on Sasu Island during the last decade.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.50-63
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• 1974

Health at infancy and early childhood is considered an important factor for healthy life thereafter. Concept of nursing is inclusive not only of physical care but also psycho-social aspect in order to help achieve maximum state of wellness. Statistical studies reveal concept and structure of family and home tends to change towards nuclear type, ratio of female occupancy tends to increase. These tendencies will influence the method of infants and children. Purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of mothers and their children with and without occupation, method of nurturing and analyse data according to various variables, in arnder to give data for care for infants and children. During the period of June 12 though July 22, 1973, 98 mothers and their 224 children; 53 mothers with occupation with 110 children and 45 mothers without occupation with 114 children were Interviewed indirectly through check list. Results of the studies are as follows: 1. Hypothesis 1 ; Tendencies of finger sucking will be greater in children of occupant mothers due to lack of maternal love. Through chi-square examination significant difference is revealed by P>0.05 level, therefore Hypothesis 1 is rejected. (X²=0.24) 3. Hypothesis 2; of occupant mothers tend to have had wanted number of children through family planning. Ratio of wanted versus unwanted children were tested and significant difference is revealed by P<0.05 1eve1. Hypothesis 2 is supported. (X²=8.398). 3. Hypothesis 3: Non-occupant mothers tend to cuddle more while feeding infants. Significant difference Is revealed through Chi-square test by P〈0.05 level. Hypothesis 3 is rejected. (X²=4.34) Conclusion and recommendations: Occupant mothers' higher degree of interest and consideration compared to that of non-occupant mothers in regard to nurturing of their children have been ascertained by this study. These results fight have come up due to the differences of socioeconomic and cultural status of respondents. Further studies on each variable between mothers with and without occupation with similar socio-economic and cultural background are recommended.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.79-92
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the trends of jjok-bang research based on the perspective of Community-Based Participatory Research and Social Ecological Model and to provide information for future public health interventions, policy designs, and policy implementations. Methods: Studies used in the systematic review are published from 1999 to 2014 and searched using key words such as 'jjok-bang' and 'single room occupancy' using domestic and international electronic databases. However, there were no studies from abroad published during this period. Search in domestic databases such as KCI, KISS, RISS generated 119 studies. In this paper, 20 cases which meet the criteria of the systematic review were included in the final analysis. Results: The contents of research included are the life of jjok-bang inhabitants(9 cases), the demand for welfare services(4 cases) and welfare need(2 cases), mental health(1 cases), and the history of jjok-bang formation(4 cases). Fourteen cases of empirical study were analyzed focusing Community-Based Participatory Research and Social Ecological Model. Some of research was carried out forming a partnership with various community partners and this trend increased since 2008. There are high frequency of intrapersonal level and interpersonal level studies. However, studies looking at the organization, community or policy level were relatively few. Conclusions: Future studies of jjok-bang area should consider the various social determinants which affect the health delivery system, community organization and policies, as well as individual or community level.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회 논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 램프가 설치되어 있는 도로환경에 맞는 효율적인 유고검지를 위하여 퍼지논리 및 교통패턴을 함께 사용하여 유고검지 모형을 구현하였다. 모형에 사용된 교통 데이터는 서울시 내부 순환도로에 있는 루프 검지기에서 3개월 동안 5분 간격으로 수집된 교통량, 점유율, 속도 데이터이다. 본 논문에서는 단일지점 검지기 도로 환경에 맞게 변수들을 퍼지화 시켰으며 추론방법은 MIN-MAX 중심법을 사용하고 비퍼지화 방법은 무게 중심법을 사용하였다. 그리고 요일 및 링크별로 서로 다른 교통 흐름이 형성됨을 감안하여 교통패턴을 구축하였다. 최종적으로 퍼지논리의 유고확률과 교통패턴의 교통패턴 차이 값을 이용하여 유고를 판단하는 유고확률 임계치를 도출하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 모형의 우수성을 입증하기 위해 APID 알고리즘과 교통패턴을 이용하지 않은 퍼지논리와 비교 검증 하였다. 검지율 및 오검지율 테스트를 수행한 결과 APID 알고리즘의 경우 제대로 유고를 검지하지 못하였으며 퍼지논리만을 이용한 알고리즘의 경우 상당히 높은 오검지율을 도출하였다. 이에 반해 교통패턴 및 퍼지논리를 이용한 본 모형의 경우 퍼지논리만을 사용한 모형에 비해 유고검지율은 5% 낮아졌으나 반면에 오검지율은 18% 낮아지는 향상된 결과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.