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http://dx.doi.org/10.35399/ISK.34.4.5

Distribution Status and Extinction Threat Evaluation of the Short Ninespine Stickleback Pungitius kaibarae (Gasterosteidae) in Korea  

Myeong-Hun Ko (Kosoo Ecology Institute)
Mee-Sook Han (Kosoo Ecology Institute)
Hyeong-Su Kim (Advanced Aquaculture Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Ichthyology / v.34, no.4, 2022 , pp. 262-269 More about this Journal
Abstract
A distribution survey was conducted from 2018 to 2020 to evaluate the distribution status, habitat characteristics, and extinction threat of the short ninespine stickleback Pungitius kaibarae (Gasterosteidae). Literature reports of P. kaibarae distribution have been sorted by each period, 1980~1996, 1997~2005, and 2007~2017, and the samples were collected in 32, 43, and 64 stations for each period. Among the 75 streams and 193 sampling sites investigated during the study period, 1,400 P. kaibarae individuals were collected from 26 streams at 39 sites. The main habitat of P. kaibarae was downstream or brackish water zones with a low altitude, slow water velocity, and many aquatic plants. The main reasons for the decline in population size were assumed to be drought and flood, river work for flood restoration and river maintenance, bridges construction, and predation by the exotic fish species Micropterus salmoides. Previous evidence reported a 42.6% reduction in occupancy within 10 years, a decline in habitat quality, and the spread and impact of the exotic fish species Micropterus salmoides. Therefore, P. kaibarae is now considered a Vulnerable (VU A2ace) species based on the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Therefore, P. kaibarae should be redesignated as an endangered species by the Ministry of Environment and systematically managed.
Keywords
Pungitius kaibarae; distribution status; extinction threat evaluation;
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