• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.113-124
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• 1985

In order to observe the effect of mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliance (MORA) on body strength, the author measured back muscle strength with Digital Back Muscle DYNAMOMETER (TAKEI KIKI KOGYO Co., Tokyo, Japan) before MORA, 15 days after and 30 days after MORA in 12 men and then analysed them statistically. The subjects were weight-lifting athletes of Seoul Athletic High School without dysfunction of masticatory system. MORA was fabricated at 1.0-1.5rnm isotonically closed position (Myocentric Occlusion Position) from mandibular rest position (Myocentric Rest Position) using Myo-monitor (MyoTronics Research Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA) and-SVT C-II (Tokyo Shizaisha Inc., Tokyo, Japan). The results were as follows : 1. The mean of back muscle strength before MORA was 150 kg, that of 15 days after MORA was 165 kg (4.43% increase than before), and that of 30 days was 175 kg (10.76% increase than before). 2. There was a significant difference among back muscle strength before MORA, 15 days after and 30 days after MORA (P<0.01: repeated measures one-way ANOVA). 3. According to the result of determining mandibular position for MORA fabrication, mandibular rest position after relaxation with Myo-monitor was 3.2mm lower, 1.0mm posterior, and 0.5 mm left from centric occlusion. And the mean of the amount of lateral deviation was 0.7 mm.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2007

이 연구는 굴절성 약시에서 가림 치료를 대신할 수 있는 방법들 중 안경 교정에 의한 약시치료효과와, 부등굴절력과 난시와의 관계를 연구하였다. 안경교정치료는 기존의 가림 치료 효과를 주도록 정상안에 대해 저교정을 하여 차폐 효과를 주는 것으로 원시성약시를 교정하는 추가적 처방 없이 안경 착용만으로 치료하였다. 안경교정에 의한 약시치료 결과 원시성약시에서 부등도수와의 관계 연구에서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 양안의 부등굴절력이 클수록 치료 전 약시안의 교정시력이 낮았다. 2. 부등굴절력이 치료 후 교정시력에 영향을 주지 않았다. 3. 치료시작 나이가 늦을수록 난시굴절력이 높게 나타났다. 4. 차폐 없이 안경교정으로 약시치료의 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Objectives : Sesamin, a major lignan in sesame seeds, has been reported to have neuroprotective effects against in vitro ischemia and in vivo MCAo-reperfusion cerebral ischemia model, however, there is no reports in an in vivo global cerebral ischemia model. The purpose of the study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of sesamin in global cerebral ischemia induced by four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) in rats through inhibition of microglial activation in this model. Methods : The neuroprotective effects were investigated using a 10 min of 4-VO ischemia rat model by measuring intact pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus using Nissle staining. The antiinflammatory or reducing neurotoxicity effect was investigated using immunohistochemisty, RT-PCR and western blot analysis of inflammatory or neurotoxic mediators. Results : Intraperitoneal injection of sesamin at doses of 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 mg/kg at 0 min and 90 min after ischemia conferred 26.6%, 30.1%, 42.5%, and 30.5% neuroprotection, respectively, compared to the vehicle-treated control group. A 3.0 mg/kg dose of sesamin inhibited microglia activation and consequently, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide, and interleukine-$1{\beta}$ expressions at 48 h after reperfusion. Conclusions : Sesamin protects neuronal cell death through inhibition of microglial activation or the production of neurotoxic metabolites and proinflammatory mediators by microglia such as COX-2, iNOS and IL-$1{\beta}$ in global cerebral ischemia.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.217-230
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• 2005

Objectives: Chungpaesagan-tang (CPSGT), which is frequently used for treating patients of cerebrovascular disease, has not been reported by clinical doctors concerning the effect of neuronal aptosis caused by brain ischemia. To study the effect of CPSGT on focal cerebral ischemia in normal and diabetic rats and SHR, focal cerebral ischemia was induced by transient MCAO, and after onset CPSGT was administrated. Methods: Rats (Sprague-Dawley) were divided into four groups: sham-operated group, MCA-occluded group, CPSGT­administrated group after MCA occlusion, and normal group. The MCA was occluded by intraluminal method. CPSGT was administrated orally twice (l and 4 hours) after middle cerebral artery occlusion. All groups were sacrificed at 24 hours after the surgery. The brain tissue Was stained with $2\%$ triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) or $1\%$ cresyl violet solution, to examine effect of CPSGT on ischemic brain tissue. The blood samples were obtained from the heart.~. Tumor necrosis $factor-\alpha$ level and interleukin-6 level of serum was measured from sera using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Then changes of immunohistochemical expression of $TNF-\alpha$ in ischemic damaged areas were observed. Results: In NC+MCAO+CP and DM+MCAO+CP, CPSGT significantly (p<0.01) decreased the number of neuron cells compared to the control group. CPSGT markedly reduced (p<0.01) the infarct size of the forebrain in distance from the interaural line on cerebral ischemia in diabetic rats. CPSGT significantly reduced the $TNF-\alpha$ expression in penumbra region of damaged hemisphere in diabetic rats. Conclusions: CPSGT had a protective effect on cerebral ischemia in SD rats, especially in diabetic rats compared with normal SD rats.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.1949-1958
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• 2013

본 연구는 온목동맥의 일시적 폐색에 의해 유발된 전뇌허혈로 인해 발생한 SD 랫드 소뇌 부위의 세포자멸사에 대한 침전극저주파자극(Needle Electrode Electrical Stimulation : NEES) 적용의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 면역조직화학적검사법을 통하여 조직을 관찰하였다. 연구를 통하여 대조군과 전뇌허혈유발군, 침전극저주파자극시행군의 세포자멸사 관련 인자의 발현정도를 비교하여 분석한 결과 전뇌허혈 후 침전극저주파의 적용은 SD 랫드 소뇌 부위의 c-fos 발현 감소에 유의한 효과를 보였으며, bax, caspase-3의 발현 감소에는 유의한 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 보아 전뇌허혈 후 침전극저주파자극의 적용은 세포자멸사 관련 인자의 발현 억제에 일부분 효과성이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2005

This study aimed to investigate the cerebroprotective effect of nociceptin on transient focal cerebral ischemia in Sprague-Dawley rats by determining the changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and the infarct size. Right middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded for 2 hours, and thereafter was followed by reperfusion by an intraluminal monofilament technique. An open cranial window was made on the right parietal bone for determination of continuous changes in rCBF by laser-Doppler flowmetry. The infarct size was morphometrically determined using the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride technique. In normal rats, nociceptin ($0.01\~100\;nmol/kg$, Lv.) increased rCBF and decreased cerebral arterial resistance in a dose-dependent manner. Systemic arterial blood pressure was little affected by nociceptin at the doses of 0.01 and 0.1nmol/kg, but dose-dependently reduced at the doses of 1 nmol/kg or more. In transient cerebral ischemic rats, nociceptin ($0.01\~0.1$ nmol/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated the postischemic cerebral hyperemia, and progressively increased rCBF. The improving effect of nociceptin on the postischemic rCBF response was markedly blocked by pretreatment with $[Nphe^1]nociceptin(1-13)NH_2$ (1 nmol/kg, i.p.), a selective nociceptin receptor antagonist, but not by naloxone ($3{\mu}mol/kg$, i.p.), a selective opioid receptor antagonist. The cerebral infarct size was significantly reduced by nociceptin ($0.01\~0.1$ nmol/kg) administered i.p. 5 min after MCA occlusion in transient cerebral ischemia of 2-hour MCA occlusion and 22-hour reperfusiion. It is suggested that nociceptin improves the postischemic cerebral hemodynamics and thereby has a cerebroprotective effect in transient focal cerebral ischemia.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제67권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2024

Objective : The primary treatment goal of current endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for emergent large-vessel occlusion (ELVO) is complete recanalization after a single maneuver, referred to as the 'first-pass effect' (FPE). Hence, we aimed to identify the predictive factors of FPE and assess its effect on clinical outcomes in patients with ELVO of the anterior circulation. Methods : Among the 129 patients who participated, 110 eligible patients with proximal ELVO (intracranial internal carotid artery and proximal middle cerebral artery) who achieved successful recanalization after EVT were retrospectively reviewed. A comparative analysis between patients who achieved FPE and all others (defined as a non-FPE group) was performed regarding baseline characteristics, clinical variables, and clinical outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were subsequently conducted for potential predictive factors with p<0.10 in the univariate analysis to determine the independent predictive factors of FPE. Results : FPE was achieved in 31 of the 110 patients (28.2%). The FPE group had a significantly higher level of functional independence at 90 days than did the non-FPE group (80.6% vs. 50.6%, p=0.002). Pretreatment intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) (odds ratio [OR], 3.179; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.025-9.861; p=0.045), door-to-puncture (DTP) interval (OR, 0.959; 95% CI, 0.932-0.987; p=0.004), and the use of balloon guiding catheter (BGC) (OR, 3.591; 95% CI, 1.231-10.469; p=0.019) were independent predictive factors of FPE. Conclusion : In conclusion, pretreatment IVT, use of BGC, and a shorter DTP interval were positively associated with FPE, increasing the chance of acquiring better clinical outcomes.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.173-184
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• 2003

Objectives: This study investigates the effects of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, Carthami Flos on Brain ischemia of the rats induced from the Occlusion of Lt. Common Carotid Artery. Methods: I observed effects using light microscopes and examined tissue of parietal lobe and hippocampus and VEGF-immunoreactive cells. Results: A small number of VEGF-immunoreactive cells are observed in the control group. VEGF-immunoreactive cells in Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix-administered group were slightly increased compared with control group. VEGF-immunoreactive cells in Carthami Flos-administered group were significantly increased compared with control group. Neurons of parietal lobe and pyramidal cells of hippocampus in the control group were greatly damaged.(neuronal densitity, form of dendrite and axon) On the other hand, neurons of parietal lobe and pyramidal cells of hippocampus in Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix-administered group were less damaged. Neurons of parietal lobe and pyramidal cells of hippocampus in Carthami Flos-administered group were significantly less damaged compared with control group. Conclusion : Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, Carthami Flos can effect on stimulating angiogenesis and reducinging the damage of neurons in the rats induced from the Occlusion of Lt. Common Carotid Artery.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.78-89
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• 2001

Objectives : The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of Woohwangcheongsim-won on reperfusion following MCA occlusion in rats. Methods : To evaluate the effect of Woohwangcheongsim-won on reperfusion following MCA occlusion, the volume of cerebral ischemia and edema were measured and the change of the CAI pyramidal neuron in the hippocampus was investigated by light microscopy. And the changes of several neurotransmitters and enzymes were investigated with the immunohistochemical methods. Results : 1. The volume of the control group, which was ischemic-damaged was 23.6%, and that of the sample group was 13.5%. 2. The voluminalratio of the right/left hemisphere was 116 in the control group, and that of the sample group was 107. 3. The pyramidal cells of CAI area in the control group were greatly damaged. The cells were changed into discontinuous and unsystematic forms, and nuclei, and cytoplasms were shrunk. On the other hand, the cells of the sample group were less damaged. 4. On the immunohistochemical methods, the sensitivities of GABA, NOS, DBH in the control group were increased, and those of synapsin and $eEF-l{\alpha}$ were decreased as compared with the normal group. NOS and DBH which were negative in the normal group showed positive reaction. On the other hand, the sensitivities of GABA, NOS and DBH in the sample group were decreased, but those of NPY, synapsin, CaMKII and $eEF-l{\alpha}$ were increased as compared with the control group. Conclusions : Woohwangcheongsim-won reduced the volume of cerebral ischemia and edema, and minimized the damage of pyramidal cells. The mechanism was related to protein synthesis, such as synapsin, ${\alpha}CaMKII$ and $eEF-l{\alpha}$, which resist neurotoxicity of glutamate receptors.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.270-274
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• 2008

Objective : The purpose of this study was to report the morbidity, mortality, angiographic results, and merits of elective coiling of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Methods : Ninety-six unruptured aneurysms in 92 patients were electively treated with detachable coils. Eighty-one of these aneurysms were located in the anterior circulation, and 15 were located in the posterior circulation. Thirty-six aneurysms were treated in the presence of previously ruptured aneurysms that had already undergone operation. Nine unruptured aneurysms presented with symptoms of mass effect. The remaining 51 aneurysms were incidentally discovered in patients with other cerebral diseases and in individuals undergoing routine health maintenance. Angiographic and clinical outcomes and procedure-related complications were analyzed. Results : Eight procedure-related untoward events (8.3%) occurred during surgery or within procedure-related hospitalization, including thromboembolism, sac perforation, and coil migration. Permanent procedural morbidity was 2.2%; there was no mortality. Complete occlusion was achieved in 73 (76%) aneurysms, neck remnant occlusion in 18 (18.7%) aneurysms, and incomplete occlusion in five (5.2%) aneurysms, Recanalization occurred in 8 (15.4%) of 52 coiled aneurysms that were available for follow-up conventional angiography or magnetic resonance angiography over a mean period of 13.3 months. No ruptures occurred during the follow-up period (12-79 months). Conclusion : Endovascular coil surgery for patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms is characterized by low procedural mortality and morbidity and has advantages in patients with poor general health, cerebral infarction, posterior circulation aneurysms, aneurysms of the proximal internal cerebral artery, and unruptured aneurysms associated with ruptured aneurysm. For the management of unruptured aneurysms, endovascular coil surgery is considered an attractive alterative option.