• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2001

To evaluate the effect of occlusive skin on the activity of cutaneous oxygen free radical metabolizing enzymes in rats, the dorsal skin was covered with closed glass chamber shaped petri dish, 46 mm in diameter and 10 mm in height and sealed by an adhesive. Five day-occluded group showed more increased activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) than that of control, and the activity of five day-occluded group was higher than that of ten day-occluded group. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly higher in ten day-occluded group than in control or five day-occluded group. All the more, five day-occluded group showed the decreasing tendency of SOD and GPx activities compared to those of control. On the other hand, the cerrous perhydroxide deposits were observed in the intercellular space of the stratum basale in five day-occluded group under the electronic microscope using a cytochemistry method. Futhermore, the degree of cerrous perhydroxide reaction was lower in ten day-occluded group than in five day-occluded group. In conclusion, the increased XO activity and the decreased SOD and GPx activities are likely to responsible far the accumulation of $H_2O_2$ in five day-occluded group.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2014

In tangible augmented reality (AR) environments, the user interacts with virtual objects by manipulating their physical counterparts, but he or she often encounters awkward situations in which his or her hands are occluded by the augmented virtual objects, which causes great difficulty in figuring out hand positions, and reduces both immersion and ease of interaction. To solve the problem of such hand occlusion, skin color information has been usefully exploited. In this paper, we propose an approach to simple and effective construction of a skin color map which is suitable for hand segmentation and tangible AR interaction. The basic idea used herein is to obtain hand images used in a target AR environment by simple image subtraction and to represent their color information by a convex polygonal map in the YCbCr color space. We experimentally found that the convex polygonal map is more accurate in representing skin color than a conventional rectangular map. After implementing a solution for resolving hand occlusion using the proposed skin color map construction, we showed its usefulness by applying it to virtual design evaluation of digital handheld products in a tangible AR environment.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.2067-2078
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• 2017

In this paper, a new face tracking algorithm is proposed. The CamShift (Continuously adaptive mean SHIFT) algorithm shows unstable tracking when there exist objects with similar color to that of face in the background. This drawback of the CamShift is resolved by the proposed algorithm using Kinect's pixel-by-pixel depth information and the skin detection method to extract candidate skin regions in HSV color space. Additionally, even when the target face is disappeared, or occluded, the proposed algorithm makes it robust to this occlusion by the feature point matching. Through experimental results, it is shown that the proposed algorithm is superior in tracking performance to that of existing TLD (Tracking-Learning-Detection) algorithm, and offers faster processing speed. Also, it overcomes all the existing shortfalls of CamShift with almost comparable processing time.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.339-342
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• 2006

This study was designed to prepare an animal model for partial thickness bum wound which can be employed for testing topical therapy. We first evaluated whether rabbit ear and mouse back skin wound model could differentiate the wound healing process in terms of degree of re epithelialization, required days for complete wound closure, presence of scarring. $2^{nd}$ degree wet bum were prepared on mouse back skin and rabbit ear by applying 5 mL hot water($85{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$) for 7 see followed by 5 mL ice-cold 0.5% acrynol solution for cooling and disinfecting the inflicted area. After removing the dead epidermis layer at 24 hr, tested dressings were applied for specified time and wound progression was investigated. In mouse model, wound contraction was the primary wound closing mechanism, which is quite different from human wound healing process. In rabbit ear model, epidermal regeneration was the major wound healing process rather than wound contraction and the difference in wound healing property among tested dressings could be clearly demonstrated. A rabbit ear model could differentiate the wound progression among open, occluded and epidermal growth factor(EGF) treated wound. Four sites of circular wound(diameter: 1 cm) on the anterior part of rabbit ear could be employed for the comparative wound healing study. For obtaining reproducible bum wound, degree of bum depth and bum sites should be carefully controlled in addition, employing rabbits of same strain and weight. The result suggests that rabbit ear could be employed as a reliable and human-resembled wound model.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

본 연구는 밀배아 추출물을 이용하여 여드름성 피부 개선용 원료를 개발하고자 포뮬라 (EJ-F101)를 제작하여 이를 이용하여 임상시험용 크림을 제조하였으며 임상실험 진행하였다. 분석 결과, 제품 사용 전·후 비교 시제품 사용 4주 후 시점에서 시험군과 대조군 모두 안면 부위의 병변 개방면포, 폐쇄면포 구진 피지 및 유분량 항목에 대해 유의한 개선 효과를 보였고, 대조군에 비해 시험군에서 좀 더 유의한 개선 효과를 보였다. 제품의 효능에 대한 설문 결과, 대부분 항목에서 제품 사용 4주 후 시점에서 대조 제품에 비해 시험제품에서 긍정적인 답변이 높게 나타났으며, '개방 면포' 항목을 제외하고 시험제품은 약 43~81%의 연구대상자가 긍정적으로 답변하였다. 또한, 제품의 사용성에 관한 모든 항목에 대해 제품 사용 4주 후 시점에서 시험군은 약 14~86%, 대조군은 약 38~90%의 연구 대상자가 긍정적으로 답변하였다. 피부 안전성 평가 결과, 본 모든 연구대상자에게서 피부 이상반응은 관찰되지 않았다. 위와 같은 결과를 근거로 밀배아 추출물을 이용한 크림은 여드름성 피부에 사용하기 적합(non comedogenicity) 한 것으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1969

Experiments on thermoregulatory responses to cold immersion stimulus were carried out in September, 1968 (summer studies) and February, 1969 (winter studies). Eight each of ama and control subject were selected at random from a same community in Yong-Do Island, Pusan. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The rate of fall in muscle temperature of forearm during a 30 min-immersion in $6^{\circ}C$ water bath was significantly slower in the ama in winter and was about the same in the two groups in summer. However, the magnitude of change in the skin temperature and the heat fluxes observed during immersion period was not significantly different either between groups or between seasons. 2) Both finger blood flow and skin temperature during one hr-immersion in $6^{\circ}C$ water bath decreased significantly in the ama as compared to the control. The magnitude of cold-induced vasodilatation during immersion period was significantly greater in the control in winter. However, the time of onset and blood flow at onset showed no significant relation between groups. 3) The magnitude of reactive hyperemia after a 5 min-arterial occlusion in both air and $15^{\circ}C$ water bath was significantly lower in the ana than in the control. In control subjects, post-occluded blood flow in water was significantly greater than in air, while in the ama it decreased to 1/2 of control values. The time required for the return of blood flow to resting values in the air was faster in the ama than in the control but was the same in water in the two groups. 4) The results suggest that vasoconstrictor tone increased in the ama in winter, indicating the development of vascular adaptation as a part of cold acclimatization.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.684-691
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 비디오 카메라를 통하여 획득한 연속적인 영상에서 사람의 머리를 인식하고 추적하는 시스템을 구현한다. 사람의 머리를 인식하기 위한 특징 벡터로서 얼굴 표면상의 특성인 사람의 피부색과 형태상의 특성인 타원 모델링을 이용한다. 또한 복잡한 배경으로부터 움직인 영역을 획득하기 위하여 시변 에지 검출 방법을 사용하고 획득된 영상에서 물체의 움직임을 판별하기 위하여 수직 투영 방법을 이용한다. 설정된 움직임 영역부분에 대하여 피부색을 갖고 있는 여러 개의 얼굴 후보영역을 설정하고 사람의 얼굴을 대표할 수 있는 타원 매핑을 적용하여 가장 최적으로 매핑되는 영역을 사람의 얼굴 부분으로 인식한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법은 사람 얼굴이 360도 회전하는 경우와 부분적으로 가려진 경우 그리고 좌우로 기울어진 경우에서도 우수한 성능을 보여주고 있다. 본 논문에서는 움직임 기반 추적 방법과 인식 기반 추적 방법을 이용하여 사람의 얼굴 부분이 빠르게 움직이는 경우에도 정확한 사람 얼굴 추적이 가능하도록 한다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.64-80
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• 1991

The SKINTEX Method is based on a two-compartment physico-chemical model which includes a Biomembrane Barrier in compartment one and an organized macromolecular matrix in compartment two. Test samples absorb onto or permeate through the keratin/collagen Biomembrane Barrier and then can interact with the organized macromolecular matrix. Changes in the integrity of the barrier release a dye indicator: Changes in the matrix can alter its transparency. The sum of these two responses is read spectrophotometrically at 470nm. An early investigation of 950 chemicals and formulations in the SKINTEX System produced results which were 89% concordance to in vivo Draize dermal irritation results obtained with 24-hour occluded application of test samples with-out abrasion and standard scoring. Alkaline materials were analyzed in a specialized SKINTEX AMA Protocol. In this early study, the model did not distinguish nonirritant test materials and formulation with PDII(Primary Dermal Irritation Index)in the range from 0 to 1.2, A High Sensitivity Assay Protocol(HSA)was developed to amplify the changes in both compartments of this model and provide more accurate calibration of these changes. A study of 60 low irritation test samples including cosmetics, household products, chemicals and petro-chemicals distinguished nonirritants with PDII $\leq$ 0.7 for 26 of 30 nonirritants. A second protocol was developed to evaluate the SKINTEX model predictability with respect to human irritation. The Human Response Assay (HRA )has been optimized based on differences in penetration and irritation responses in humans and rabbits. An additional 32 test materials with different mechanisms and degrees of dermal toxicity were evaluated by the HRA. These in vitro results were 86% concordant to human patch test results. In order to further evaluate this model, a Standard Chemical Labelling (SCL) Protocol was developed to optimize this system to predict Draize dermal irritation results after a 4-hour application of the test material. In a study of 52 chemicals including acids, bases, solvents, salts, surfactants and preservatives, the SCL results demonstrated 85% concordance to Draize results for a 4-hour application of test samples on non-abraded rabbit skin. The SKINTEX System, including three specialized protocols, provided results which demonstrated good correlation to the endpoint of dermal irritation in man and rabbits at different application times.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.914-921
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• 1997

저자들은 최근 가족력은 없지만 폐동정맥루와 간동맥혈관 조영술 및 위점막에서 관찰된 혈관기형을 동반한 Osler-Rendu-Weber 증후군 1예에서 폐동정맥루에 대해 금속코일을 이용한 색전요법을 시행하여 특별한 합병증 없이 증상의 개선을 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2011

비전기반 인간컴퓨터 상호작용은 컴퓨터와 인간의 상호소통을 자연스럽게 제공하는 측면에서 과학과 산업분야에서 주목받는 연구 분야이다. 특히 최근 모바일 증강현실의 활용에 대한 수요증대는 증강된 가상 객체와 사용자간의 효과적인 상호작용 기술 개발을 요구하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 안드로이드기반 모바일 플랫폼에서 비 마커기반의 새로운 모바일 증강현실 객체생성 및 제어 방법을 제시하였다. 전통적인 마커를 대신하여 비 마커기반 모바일 증강현실 시스템에서는 사용자에게 친숙한 손 인터페이스를 이용하였다. 기존의 데스크 탑 기반의 증강현실에 비하여 제한된 시스템 사양을 이용하는 비 마커기반 모바일 증강현실을 구현하기 위하여 마커의 역할을 수행할 손의 최적영역을 모바일 장치의 카메라로부터 실시간으로 검출 하여 객체를 증강시키는 방법을 제시하였다. 손의 최적영역의 추출은 YCbCr 스킨컬러 모델을 이용한 손영역 검출과 Rotating Calipers 알고리즘을 적용한 최적 사각형 추출에 의해 구현하였다. 이때 추출된 최적 사각형은 통상적인 마커기반 증강현실에서의 마커역할을 수행할 수 있도록 하였으며, 기존의 손끝추적에 의한 마커 생성 시 발생하는 손의 회전이나 가려짐에 의한 문제를 해결하였다. 실험을 통하여 제안된 방법이 비 마커기반 모바일 객체를 효과적으로 생성 제어할 수 있음을 입증하였다.