• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.191-212
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• 2002

The economic and social bad influences of the illegal fishery bring about the results of the fishery resources exhaustion, of the fishery disorder and of the obstruction to sound management for fishery. The typical illegal fishery conducted in the coastal and offshore area of Korea can be divided as follows; fishery conducted by legally unauthorized method, fishery without permission from the Government, and fishery conducted in contravention of the laws and regulations concerning the fishing vessel, fishing gear and fishing method etc. The major reasons of origination of the illegal fishery in the coastal and offshore area of Korea are; Firstly, almost of the fishermen are poorly equipped in economical scale, Secondly, it is very easy to approach the illegal fishery because the domiciliation condition of the fishing village is deteriorated. Thirdly, almost of the fishermen are lacking in lawabiding spirit. Fourthly, the insolvent and unstable fisheries management policy with the lukewarm enforcement of the fisheries laws and regulations by the Government. Fifthly, the small scale family supporting fisheries are widespreaded. Sixthly, to retrieved the economical difficulties the fishermen are easily led astray the illegal fishery. As a conclusion the authors made some suggestions to stamp out the illegal fishery by this study. For the first, temptation fishermen into lawabiding fishery through intensification of the penal regulations is required. Second, simplification of the fishery type through combination of resemble fishing methods is required. Third, actual improvement of the fundamental fishery permission regime is required. Fourth, Introduction of the self-regulating or co-management system for the fishery management is required.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.104-107
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• 2001

Intussusception is a frequent cause of bowel obstruction in the first five years of life and it is one of the most common surgical emergencies in infancy and early childhood. The age of five months child was administered in Department of Pediatrics of Chunchon Sacred Heart Hospital. His main symptoms were vomiting and high fever for three days. Abdominal sonography, air reduction and abdominal computerized tomography (CT) were performed and the conclusion of these study was intussusception due to cyst mass lesion; duplication cyst, mesenteric cyst or Meckel's diverticulum. He was transferred for operation. We had performed laparotomy for reduction of the intussusception. Operative findings revealed ileocolic type of intussusception due to cystic tumor on ileocecal valve that was invaginated into the cecum, and hyperplasia of the Peyer's patch were seen. But we failed manual reduction because of the tumor in the ileocecal area. So we had performed partial resection of the ileocecum. Diverticulum of the ileum was confirmed by pathologic examination. We experienced unusual cause of the intussusception. So we report this case with a review of the literatures.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.83-96
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• 1986

In the restricted sea way such as fair way in harbor, narrow channel etc, the safe ship-handling is a very important problem, which is greatly related with turning ability of ships. It is of great importance that ship-handlers can grasp the position of pivoting point varying with time increase at any moment for relevant steering activities. Mean while, in advanced ship-building countries they study and investigated pivoting point related with turning characteristics, hut their main interest lies in ship design, not in safe ship controlling and maneuvering. In this regards it is the purpose of this paper to provide ship-handlers better under standing of pivoting point location together with turning characteristics and then to help them in safe ship-handling by presenting fact that pivoting points vary according to configuration of ships. The author calculated the variation of pivoting point as per time increase for various type of vessels, based on the hydrodynamic derivatives obtained at test of Davidson Laboratory of Stevens Institutes of Technology , New Jersey, U.S.A. The results were classified and investigated according to the magnitude of block coefficient , length-beam ratio, length-draft ratio, rudder area ratio ete, and undermentioned results were obtained. (1) The trajectory of pivoting point due to variation of rudder angle are all the same at any time, though the magenitude of turning circle are changed variously. (2) The moving of pivoting point is affected by the magnitude of block coefficient, length-beam ratio, length-draft ratio, however the effect by rudder area ratio might be disregarded. (3) In controlling and maneuvering of vessels in harbor, ship-handlers might regard that the pivoting point would be placed on 0.2~0.3L forward from center of gravity at initial stage. (4) The pivoting point of VLCC or container feeder vessels which have block coefficient more than 0.8 and length-beam ratio less than 6.5 are located on or over bow in the steady turning. (5) When a vessel intends to avoid some floating obstruction such as buoy forward around her eourse, the ship-handler might consider that the pivoting point would be close by bow in ballast condition and cloase by center of gravity in full-loaded condition.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.213-225
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• 2018

For constructing three-dimensional (3D) spatial information occlusion region problem arises in the process of taking the texture of the building. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to investigate the automation method to automatically recognize the occlusion region, issue it, and automatically complement the texture. In fact there are occasions when it is possible to generate a very large number of structures and occlusion, so alternatives to overcome are being considered. In this study, we attempt to apply an approach to automatically create an occlusion region based on learning by patterning the blocked region using the recently emerging deep learning algorithm. Experiment to see the performance automatic detection of people, banners, vehicles, and traffic lights that cause occlusion in building walls using two advanced algorithms of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technique, Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) and Mask R-CNN. And the results of the automatic detection by learning the banners in the pre-learned model of the Mask R-CNN method were found to be excellent.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.147-157
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• 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the correlations of cone-beam computed tomographic findings with the apnea-hypopnea index in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Materials and Methods: Forty patients with obstructive sleep apnea were selected from the ear-nose-throat (ENT) outpatient clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University. Cone-beam computed tomography was performed for each patient at the end of both inspiration and expiration. Polysomnography was carried out, and the apnea-hypopnea index was obtained. Linear measurements, including cross-sectional area and the SNA and SNB angles, were obtained. Four oral and maxillofacial radiologists categorized pharyngeal and retropalatal airway morphology and calculated the airway length and volume. Continuous data were tested for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and reported as the mean and standard deviation or as the median and range. Categorical data were presented as numbers and percentages, and the significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: The minimal value of the cross-sectional area, SNB angle, and airway morphology at the end of inspiration demonstrated a statistically significant association (P<0.05) with the apnea-hypopnea index, with excellent agreement. No statistically significant difference was found in the airway volume, other linear measurements, or retropalatal airway morphology. Conclusion: Cone-beam computed tomographic measurements in obstructive sleep apnea patients may be used as a supplement to a novel radiographic classification corresponding to the established clinical apnea-hypopnea index classification.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.258-261
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• 2010

Lymphangioma is a rare benign congenital tumor of the lymphatic system, which is commonly diagnosed before 2 years of age. In the natronal report, cystic lymphangioma was usually reported as a huge translucent mass located in the head and neck area. It's occurrence in retropharyngeal space with respiratory obstruction and swallowing difficulty in neonate is extremely rare and postoperative nasopharyngeal reflux has rarely been reported. Complete resection is the standard therapy. However, involvement of the upper airway may be determining prognosis in the extensive lymphangiomas because of the difficulty of complete excision. We present a case of cystic lymphangioma in neonate which was initially asymptomatic but gradually progressed to cause respiratory obstruction due to enlargement. After resection, nasopharyngeal reflux developed with dysfunction of the soft palate and gradually improved with conservative care over 5 months.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.176-180
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• 2009

Two year-old female miniature schnauzer was presented with depression, abdominal pain and inappetence. Physical examination revealed tachypnea, fever, and abdominal pain. Leukocytosis with neutrophilia was shown in complete blood count. Radiograph revealed the increase of opacity in parallel to vertebra and dislocation of descending colon. Calculi and sludge in bladder, hydronephrosis and dilation of proximal ureter in right kidney were observed in ultrasonographic examination; also, irregular shape of structure in retroperitoneal cavity was observed. Urinalysis showed protein urine and hemtauria. Many epithelial cells, spindle cells, calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals, struvite crystals, amorphous crystals and granular casts, WBC, cocci were examined in urine sediment test. ERD-kit test result was highly positive. Based on those test and excretory urogram pyelonephritis and complete unilateral obstruction of ureter were confirmed. A balloon type structure in retroperitoneal cavity was found through the exploratory laparotomy. In cytologic examination of aspirated fluid from dilated area many degenerated neutrophils and phagocytized cocci were observed. Staphylococcus intermedius was cultured from aspirated fluid. Based on these clinical results retroperitoneal abscesses caused by Staphylococcus intermedius was diagnosed with ureter obstruction and concurrent cystic calculi. Nephrectomy of right kidney with ureter was performed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2024

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow obstruction that is only partly reversible, inflammation in the airways, and systemic effects. This study aimed to investigate the association between low peripheral oxygen saturation levels (SpO₂), and composite indices predicting death in male patients with (COPD). Method: A total of 140 participants with post-bronchodilator FEV₁/FVC ratio less than 0.7 were included. Three composite indices (ADO, DOSE, BODEx) were calculated using six variables such as age (A), airflow obstruction (O), body mass index (B), dyspnea (D), exacerbation history (E or Ex), and smoking status (S). Severity of airflow limitation was classified according to Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines. SpO₂ was measured by pulse oximetry, and anemia and iron deficiency were assessed based on blood hemoglobin levels and serum markers such as ferritin, transferrin saturation, or soluble transferrin receptor. Results: Participants with low SpO₂ (<95%) showed significantly lower levels of %FEV₁ predicted (p=0.020) and %FEV₁/FVC ratio (p=0.002) compared to those with normal SpO₂ levels. The mMRC dyspnea scale (p<0.001) and GOLD grade (p=0.002) showed a significant increase in the low SpO₂ group. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis revealed higher area under the curve for %FEV₁ (p=0.020), %FEV₁/FVC(p=0.002), mMRC dyspnea scale (p=0.001), GOLD grade (p=0.010), ADO (p=0.004), DOSE (p=0.002), and BODEx (p=0.011) in the low SpO₂ group. Conclusion: These results suggest that low SpO₂ levels are related to increased airflow limitation and the composite indices of COPD.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.66-76
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• 2010

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder which is characterized by a recurrence of entire or partial collapse of the pharyngeal airway during sleep. A given tidal volume must traverse the soft tissue tube structure of the upper airway, so the tendency for airway obstruction is influenced by the geometries of the duct and characteristics of the airflow in respect to fluid dynamics. Methods: Individualized 3D FEA models were reconstructed from pretreatment computerized tomogram images of three patients with obstructive sleep apnea. 3D computational fluid dynamics analysis was used to observe the effect of airway geometry on the flow velocity, negative pressure and pressure drop in the upper airway at an inspiration flow rate of 170, 200, and 230 ml/s per nostril. Results: In all 3 models, large airflow velocity and negative pressure were observed around the section of minimum area (SMA), the region which narrows around the velopharynx and oropharynx. The bigger the Out-A (outlet area)/ SMA-A (SMA area) ratio, the greater was the change in airflow velocity and negative pressure. Conclusions: Pressure drop meaning the difference between highest pressure at nostril and lowest pressure at SMA, is a good indicator for upper airway resistance which increased more as the airflow volume was increased.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.857-869
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate whether rats with non-obstructive antral dilation could be a useful tool resembling functional dyspeptic patients. We also investigated the effect of Bojoongikki-tang (BJ), and Youngkaechulgam-tang (YK) in antral dilated rats. Methods : Non-obstructive antral dilation was performed by first wrapping a non-absorbable rubber ring (D:6mm, W:4mm, T:1mm) around the 1st portion of the duodenum causing pyloric obstruction (PO). After 12 weeks, except for some PO group rats used for the control, the rubber ring was removed by performing another operation. The antral dilated rats (AD) were then divided into three groups, a non-treatment group (AD-NT), and two herbal medicine groups each given an extract solution containing 125 mg/kg of Youngkaechulgam-tang (AD-YK) or Bojoongikki-tang (AD-BJ) for 4 weeks. Then gastric contractility was evaluated by bowel sound measurement, and afterwards the changes of the weight, and morphologic changes of the stomach were evaluated for each group including the normal intact group (NI). Results : Loss of weight and enlargement of the stomach surface area was seen in the PO group. Decrease of gastric motility index was observed in the AD-NT group, while the increased surface area of the stomach was not significantly different from the PO group. Youngkaechulgam-tang seemed to increase gastric contraction, whereas Bojoongikki-tang showed no effect. Weight gain of rats was observed in both the AD-YK and AD-BJ groups, but there seemed to be no change of the dilated stomach surface area. Conclusions : The non-obstructive antral dilated rat seems to be an experimental pathologic model that reflects the gastric dysmotility similar to functional dyspeptic patients with antral dilation. Therefore patients with dysmotility-like dyspepsia with antral function disorders should be treated efficiently. As Youngkaechulgam-tang is shown to increase both gastric contraction and weight in antral dilated rats, it may be used for treating functional dyspepsia. However, Bojoongikki-tang should be used with caution in patients with gastric dysmotility.