References
- Wynne JW, Block AJ, Hemenway J, Hunt LA, Flick MR. Disodered breathing and oxygen desaturation during sleep in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD). Am J Med 1979;66:573-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(79)91166-5
- Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middleaged adults. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1230-5. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199304293281704
- Remmers JE, deGroot WJ, Sauerland EK, Anch AM. Pathogenesis of upper airway occlusion during sleep. J Appl Phsiol 1978;44:931-8. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1978.44.6.931
- Sung SJ. Oral appliances. J Clin Otolaryngol 2008;19:160-7.
- Hwang SH, Park IS, Nam KY, Kim JB, Cho YW, Suh YS, et al. Cephalometric differences in obstructive sleep apnea between obese and non-obese Korean male patients. Korean J Orthod 2008;38:202-13. https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2008.38.3.202
- Shepard JW Jr, Thawley SE. Evaluation of the upper airway by computerized tomography in patients undergoing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;140:711-6. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/140.3.711
- Schwab RJ. Pro: sleep apnea is an anatomic disorder. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;168:270-1. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2305014
- Strohl KP. Con: sleep apnea is an anatomic disorder. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;168:271-2. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2305016
- Fogel RB, Malhotra A, White DP. Sleep 2: pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. Thorax 2004;59: 159-63. https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax.2003.015859
- Hahn I, Scherer PW, Mozell MM. Velocity profiles measured for airflow through a large-scale model of human nasal cavity. J Appl Phsiol 1993;75:2273-87. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.5.2273
- Schreck S, Sullivan KJ, Ho CM, Chang HK. Correlations between flow resistance and geometry in a model of the human nose. J Appl Phsiol 1993;75:1767-75. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.4.1767
-
Stapleton KW, Guentsch E, Hoskinson MK, Finlay WH. On the suitability of
$k- {\varepsilon}$ turbulence modeling for aerosol deposition in the mouth and throat: a comparison with experiment. J Aerosol Sci 2000;31:739-49. - Sung SJ, Jeong SJ, Yu YS, Hwang CJ, Pae EK. Customized three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation of the upper airway of obstructive sleep apnea. Angle Orthod 2006;76:791-9.
- Tso HH, Lee JS, Huang JC, Maki K, Hatcher D, Miller AJ. Evaluation of the human airway using cone-beam computerized tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;108:768-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.05.026
- Davidson TM. The Great Leap Forward: the anatomic basis for the acquisition of speech and obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med 2003;4:185-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-9457(02)00237-X
- O'Cornnor C, Thornley KS, Hanly PJ. Gender differences in the polysomnographic features of obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:1465-72. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.161.5.9904121
- Katsantonis GP, Moss K, Miyazaki S, Walsh J. Determining the site of airway collapse in obstructive sleep apnea with airway pressure monitoring. Laryngoscope 1993;103:1126-31.
- Schwab RJ, Gefter WB, Hoffman EA, Gupta KB, Pack AI. Dynamic upper airway imaging during awake respiration in normal subjects and patients with sleep disordered breathing. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;148:1385-400. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/148.5.1385
- Gleeson K, Zwillich CW, White DP. The influence of increasing ventilatory effort on arousal from sleep. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;142:295-300. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/142.2.295
- Jeong SJ, Kim WS, Sung SJ. Numerical investigation on the flow characteristics and aerodynamic force of the upper airway of patient with obstructive sleep apnea using computational fluid dynamics. Med Eng Phys 2007;29:637-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2006.08.017
- Schlosser RJ, Park SS. Functional nasal surgery. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1999;32:37-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-6665(05)70114-6
- Pae EK, Lowe AA, Fleetham JA. A role of pharyngeal length in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Am J Ortho Dentofacial Orthop 1997;111:12-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(97)70296-8
- Malhotra A, Huang Y, Fogel RB, Pillar G, Edwards JK, Kikinis R, et al. The male predisposition to pharyngeal collapse: importance of airway length. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166:1388-95. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2112072
- Polo OJ, Tafti M, Fraga J, Porkka KV, Déjean Y, Billiard M. Why don't all heavy snorers have obstructive sleep apnea? Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;143:1288-93. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/143.6.1288
- Olson DE, Dart GA, Filley GF. Pressure drop and fluid flow regime of air inspired into the human lung. J Appl Physiol 1970;28:482-94. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1970.28.4.482
- Weinhold I, Mlynski G. Numerical simulation of airflow in the human nose. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2004;261:452-5.
- Lauralee S. Fundamentals of physiology: a human perspective. London: Thomson Brooks/Col; 2005. p. 372.
- Park JW, Kim NK, Chang YI. Formulation of a reference coordinate system of three dimensional head and neck images: Part II. Reproducibitity of the horizontal reference plane and midsagittal plane. Korean J Orthod 2005;35:475-84.
- Kim YI, Kim SS, Son WS, Park SB. Pharyngeal airway analysis of different craniofacial morphology using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Korean J Orthod 2009;39:136-45. https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2009.39.3.136
Cited by
- 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증 환자의 상하악 전진술 후 상기도 내 유동해석 vol.39, pp.5, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2015.39.5.443