• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.111-124
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• 2001

This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of pain, self-esteem, perceived health status, and self-efficacy and its influencing factors in patients with chronic arthritis. The data were obtained from 104 patients with chronic arthritis registered in one university hospital in Seoul, from May to August, 2000. For analysing the data, SAS program was used for t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows: 1. The variables which showed significant difference with pain were sex, number of painful joints. 2. The variables which showed significant difference with perceived health status were age, diagnosis. number of painful joints. 3. The variables which showed significant difference with self-efficacy were duration of disease, number of painful joints. quality of sleeping. 4. Moderate negative correlation were observed between pain and perceived health status, self-efficacy, and low positive correlation was observed between self-esteem and perceived health status. Also self-esteem revealed moderate positive correlation with self-efficacy, and moderate positive correlation was observed perceived health status and self-efficacy. 5. The predictors to explain self-efficacy were number of painful joints, self-esteem, duration of disease, duration of exercise and pain. These predictors explained $36.05\%$ of variance of self-efficacy. In conclusion, the nursing intervention to improve self-efficacy for chronic arthritis patients focused not only physiological symptoms such as pain. but also psychosocial factors such as self-esteem.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 1997년도 가을 학술발표회 프로그램
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• pp.1.1-32
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• 1997

Atmospheric monitoring capabilities were established in 1988 by the University of Florida at Duke forest, near Durham. NC: Cary forest, near Gainesville, FL: and Austin forest, near Nacogdoches, TX. Continuous (hourly averaged) measurements of air quality (ozone, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide) and meteorological variables were made at these three low elevation (< 200 meters), rural locations in the southeastern U.S. for more than three years. During the same period at these sites wet and dry acid deposition samples were collected and analyzed on an event and weekly basis, respectively The monitoring locations were selected to determine actual atmospheric exposure indices for southern pine species in support of on-site surrogate exposure chamber studies conducted by Southern Commercial Forest Research Cooperative (SCFRC) investigators. Daily and quarterly averaged ozone maxima were higher (55 ppb) at the northernmost site in the network (Duke forest) in the second and third quarters (spring and summer seasons) and lower (35 ppb) in the first and fourth quarters (winter and fall seasons), when compared to ozone levels at the two southernmost sites (Cary and Austin forests). Seasonal ozone levels at the latter two sites were similar Nitrogen oxieds and sulfur dioxide levels were insignificant (< 5 ppb) most of the time at all sites, although soil emissions of NO at two sites were found to influence nighttime ozone concentrations. Typical maximum quarterly and annual aggregate ozone exposure indices were significantly higher at Duke forest (92.5/259 ppm-hr) than those values observed at the two southern sites (65.6/210 ppm-hr). Acid deposition (wet and dry) components concentrations and deposition fluxes observed at the Duke forest, NC piedmont site, were generally greater, dependent on site and season, than corresponding variables measured at either of the two southern coastal plain sites (Cary and Austin forests). Acid deposition variables observed at the latter two sites were remarkably similar, both qualitatively and quantitatively, although the sites were located 1300 km apart. A comparison of deposition fluxes of elemental nitrogen (NO3, NH4') and sulfur (5042-, SO3) components in wet and dry forms indicated that wet deposition accounts for approximately 70% of the total nitrogen and 73% of the total sulfur input on an annual equivalent basis at all sites.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the kinematic variables and electromyography (EMG) findings that change with varying characteristics of crouch start and feedback provision, and to provide the fundamental data for record improvement in 400 mH. Method: Four short-distance runners participated in the experiment. The analyzed variables were elapsed time per interval, stride length, and muscle activities in three lower limb muscles. These variables were analyzed by using Kwon3d XP and Noraxon Myoresearch. The participants were subjected to three conditions, including two conditions that relate to the thrusting foot on the rear block and another condition pertinent to feedback provision. Results: In terms of a one-step interval, the elapsed time in condition A was longer than that in condition B, and the one after the feedback was the longest. The stride length of a one-step interval was the longest in condition A. The stride length of a two-step interval was the shortest in condition A. The muscle activity during a one-step interval showed differences in vastus medialis and medial gastrocnemius, with condition A being the highest. Conclusion: When the non-dominant left foot was located at the back, negative results were observed in terms of elapsed time and stride length. Moreover, an imbalance in muscle activity was observed between the left and right feet when the left foot was placed at the back. As a result, significant differences in elapsed time, stride length, and muscle activity were observed depending on the foot placed on the rear block. In conclusion, we identified the characteristics of crouch start in 400 mH, and a specialized program must be suggested.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2011

Purpose: Chin is located in a prominent position, and is important to balance and harmony of the face. Genioplasty is widely performed with patients' high satisfaction, yet being relatively simple procedure. Recently in analysis of dentofacial trait, three rotational variables of yaw, pith, and roll are considered with three translational variables (forward/backward, up/down, right/left). And we could correct chin deformity effectively by applying the three rotational variables with three translational variables in genioplasty. Methods: Twenty-eight patients who have chin deformity underwent osseous genioplasty. Preoperative photography, facial three dimensional computed tomography, and cephalography were taken while chin deformities were accessed. The chin deformity was classified into four categories; macrogenia, microgenia, asymmetric chin deformity, and combined chin deformity groups. According to the nature of chin deformities and the patients' desire, preoperative plans were formulated, in consideration of three rotational variables and translational variables. Through intraoral approach, anterior mandible was exposed in the subperiosteal plane between the mental foramens and beneath the mental foramens. In the anterior mandible, vertical and horizontal grid lines with 5 mm intervals were marked to confirm the spatial location of osteomized bone segment after osteotomy. Chin repositioning was done in consideration of axial rotation and planar translation. Results: Most of the patients had achieved satisfactory results with few complications. By considering the three rotational variables, it was possible to make the chin repositioning effectively. One of the patients complained about insufficient chin correction. In other case, persistent sensory impairment around chin was observed. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is worthwhile to apply preoperative analysis and operative procedures in consideration of a three rotational variables with three translational variables in genioplasty.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2013

Purpose: The goal of this study was to build an accurate digital factory that evaluates the performance of a factory using computer simulation. To achieve this goal, we evaluated the effect of worker-related variables on production in a simulation model using comparative analysis of two cases. Methods: The overall work process and worker-related variables were determined and used to build a simulation model. Siemens PLM Software's Plant Simulation was used to build a simulation model. Also, two simulation models were built, where the only difference was the use of the worker-related variable, and the total daily production analyzed and compared in terms of the individual process. Additionally, worker efficiency was evaluated based on worker analysis. Results: When the daily production of the two models were compared, a 0.16% error rate was observed for the model where the worker-related variables were applied and error rate was approximately 5.35% for the model where the worker-related variables were not applied. In addition, the production in the individual processes showed lower error rate in the model that included the worker-related variables than the model where the worker-related variables were not used. Also, among the total of 22 workers, only three workers satisfied the IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) suggested worker capacity rate (90%). Conclusions: In the daily total production and individual process production, the model that included the worker-related variables produced results that were closer to the real production values. This result indicates the importance of worker elements as input variables, in regards to building accurate simulation models. Also, as suggested in this study, the model that included the worker-related variables can be utilized to analyze in more detail actual production. The results from this study are expected to be utilized to improve the work process and worker efficiency.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 상용프로그램(STONER) 상에 천연가스 전국 배관망 모델이 수립되었다. 이를 위해 STONER 상에 전국 배관망도가 작성되었으며, 배관망도 상에 기존 자료를 토대로 전국 각 배관의 배관 관경, 연장 길이가 입력되었다. 그리고 배관내를 흐르는 가스를 정의하기 위해 천연가스의 비중값이 입력되었다. 마지막으로 배관의 성질과 가스 온도를 결정하기 위해 실측치와의 비교 검증을 통하여 오류를 최소화하였다. 이에 먼저 주 배관성질 값이 가정되었고, 이에 대해 실측 수요 자료를 가지고 배관망 분석이 수행되었다. 그리고 분석 결과 계산된 공급압력과 실측된 공급 압력을 분산 비교하여 최종적으로 배관의 성질값을 결정하였다. 이렇게 배관의 성질 결정에 있어서 기존의 배관망 모델 수립 방법과는 다르게 실측자료와의 검증 방법을 사용하여 좀더 실제에 접근한 모델을 수립할 수 있었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2011

Relations between mother-infant interactive behaviors and parenting-related variables were analyzed in a sample of 72 infants (35 boys and 37 girls, average age=31 mo.) and their mothers in Ulsan, Korea. Parents' views on children, parenting stress, fathers' participation in parenting and social support were measured using questionnaires and mother-infant interactive behaviors were observed using the 3-bags test. Among the parenting-related variables, parents' views on children were related significantly with mothers' emotional expressions & infant's participation with mothers. Social support was correlated with mother's behaviors, including positive rewards and emotional expressions. Mother-infant interactive behaviors were closely correlated with one another: Mothers' positive behaviors such as overall reactivity and cognitive stimulation were correlated positively with infants' positive behaviors, including sustained attention and positive affect. Future studies will provide us with greater insights into the mechanisms underlying the effects of these parenting-related variables on infant behavior and development.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2011

Objective : Sasang constitution medicine utilizes voice characteristics to diagnose a person's constitution. In this paper we propose methods to analyze Sasang constitution using speech information technology. That is, this study aims at establishing the relationship between Sasang constitutions and their corresponding voice characteristics by investigating various speech variables. Materials & Methods : Voice recordings of 1,406 speakers are obtained whose constitutions have been already diagnosed by the experts in the fields. A total of 144 speech features obtained from five vowels and a sentence are used. The features include pitch, intensity, formant, bandwidth, MDVP and MFCC related variables for each constitution. We analyze the speech variables and find whether there are statistically significant differences among three constitutions. Results : The main speech variables classifying three constitutions are related to pitch and MFCCs for male, and formant and MFCCs for female. The correct decision rate is 73.7% for male Soeumin, 63.3% for male Soyangin, 57.3% for male Taeumin, 74.0% for female Soeumin, 75.6% for female Soyangin, 94.3% for female Taeumin, and 73.0% on the average. Conclusion : Experimental results show that statistically significant correlation between some speech variables and the constitutions is observed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2011

Purpose: We investigated the relationship between the muscle activity and kinematic variables of the upper extremity during a push-up task on stable and unstable surfaces. Methods: We recruited 15 healthy subjects. Subjects completed the push-up task on stable and unstable surfaces. Surface electromyograms were recorded from the serratus anterior, upper trapezius, latissimus dorsi, infraspinatus to monitor changes in muscle activity. Markers for kinematic changes of elbow flexion, shoulder extension, shoulder retraction and scapular adduction were attached at C7, the T7 spinous process, both acromions, the scapula superior and inferior angle, the humerus lateral epicondyle, and the ulnar styloid process. Correlation coefficients between muscle activity and kinematic variables were analyzed by SPSS for Windows, version 15.0. Results: On the unstable surface, elbow flexion and shoulder extension increased with increasing muscle activity of serratus anterior, upper trapezius and infraspinatus. On the stable surface, shoulder retraction decreased with increasing muscle activity of serratus anterior and infraspinatus. Scapular adduction decreased with all types of increasing muscle activity, regardless of the support surface. Conclusion: Correlations between muscle activity and kinematic variables were observed on stable and unstable surfaces during a push-up task, while correlations between right and left variables were not clear. These finding suggest that it may be used to develop a rehabilitation program which could be effective in improving shoulder function in patients with shoulder problems.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.123-140
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• 2001

Hypotheses In health services research are becoming increasingly more complex and specific. As a result, health services research studies often include multiple independent, intervening, and dependent variables in a single hypothesis. Nevertheless, the statistical models adopted by health services researchers have failed to keep pace with the increasing complexity and specificity of hypotheses and research designs. This article introduces a statistical model well suited for complex and specific hypotheses tests in health services research studies. The covariance structure modeling(CSM) methodology is especially applied to regional relevance indices(RIs) to assess the impact of health resources and healthcare utilization. Data on secondary statistics and health insurance claims were collected by each catchment area. The model for RI was justified by direct and indirect effects of three latent variables measured by seven observed variables, using ten structural equations. The resulting structural model revealed significant direct effects of the structure of health resources but indirect effects of the quantity on RIs, and explained 82% of correlation matrix of measurement variables. Two variables, the number of beds and the portion of specialists among medical doctors, became to have significant effects on RIs by being analyzed using the CSM methodology, while they were insignificant in the regression model. Recommendations for the CSM methodology on health service research data are provided.