• 영어어문교육
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2010

Recasts, which are defined as implicit types of corrective feedback, have been the focus of numerous SLA researchers for more than a decade. A range of classroom-based observational and experimental research studies have explored how and when language teachers provide recasts to learners' ill-formed utterances and aimed to understand the role of recasts in language acquisition or learning. On the basis of previous studies on recasts, our study investigated when an ESL teacher provided recasts and how recasts were provided in his class. The research questions were as follows: (1) When does an ESL teacher provide recasts? (2) How does the teacher provide recasts? The data came from observations of one ESL classroom as well as consecutive-semi structured interviews with the teacher. The data analysis included transcriptions of teacher-student interactions in the target setting and categories of recasts according to the linguistic phenomena, which prompted recasting. Based on the findings, practical suggestions for ESL teachers were provided. [156 words].

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.372-384
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• 2007

The purposes of this study was to analyze qualitatively changes in students' experience and perceptions in relation to studying science using portfolios and any resultant effects on the portfolio itself. Five fourth-grade elementary students from one small city participated in this study. Data was collected through interviews as well as through student portfolios containing the science content matter of two units over two weeks. Observational diaries recorded by a teacher were also used to test the reliability of data collection. All interviews with students were transcribed to develop a suitable network to categorize students' responses. Students' portfolios were analyzed in order to reveal their essential characteristics in combination with their teacher's observational diaries. The results were as follows. First, student perceptions of their portfolios were categorized into three different levels; superficial, extended, and moderate perceptions. The changes in perception could also be divided into three levels; consistent-superficial, unstable, and a progressive-extended pattern. Second, the experience of students with their portfolio were investigated in terms of the following; successfully completing the elements of the portfolio, development of evidence, interaction with peers, teachers, and parents, and the standards of evaluation used for the portfolios. Third, the perceptions and experience of working on the portfolio by students had a number of direct effects on the way in which students actually created and developed their portfolios. Finally, students with positive attitudes towards their portfolios actively participated in the portfolio experience and finally understood what it meant completely. However, students with negative attitudes regarding portfolio based work, did not leave the experience with any heightened awareness of the utility or indeed, purpose of portfolio based work.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2024

Ocean surface currents have an essential role in the Earth's climate system and significantly impact the marine ecosystem, weather patterns, and human activities. However, predicting ocean surface currents remains challenging due to the complexity and variability of the oceanic processes involved. This review article provides an overview of the current research status, challenges, and opportunities in the prediction of ocean surface currents. We discuss the various observational and modelling approaches used to study ocean surface currents, including satellite remote sensing, in situ measurements, and numerical models. We also highlight the major challenges facing the prediction of ocean surface currents, such as data assimilation, model-observation integration, and the representation of sub-grid scale processes. In this article, we suggest that future research should focus on developing advanced modeling techniques, such as machine learning, and the integration of multiple observational platforms to improve the accuracy and skill of ocean surface current predictions. We also emphasize the need to address the limitations of observing instruments, such as delays in receiving data, versioning errors, missing data, and undocumented data processing techniques. Improving data availability and quality will be essential for enhancing the accuracy of predictions. The future research should focus on developing methods for effective bias correction, a series of data preprocessing procedures, and utilizing combined models and xAI models to incorporate data from various sources. Advancements in predicting ocean surface currents will benefit various applications such as maritime operations, climate studies, and ecosystem management.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.537-548
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• 2015

이 연구의 목적은 초등과학영재와 일반학생이 관찰 상황에서 나타내는 과학적 의문 생성 패턴을 분석하는 것이다. 이 연구에서 과학적 의문 생성 패턴(pattern in generating scientific questions)이란 과학적 의문의 유형(Type of scientific questions)과는 구분되는 것으로, 학생들이 탐구 과정 중 여러 유형의 의문들을 생성해가는 방식을 의미한다. 연구에 적합한 관찰 과제로 사이다 속 건포도, 촛불, 염색된 샐러리 과제를 선정하였다. 그리고 연구의 대상은 전라남도 S시 영재교육원 6학년 과학영재 26명과 같은 지역 시내에 위치한 초등학교 6학년 일반학생 27명으로 하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등과학영재와 일반학생이 관찰 상황에서 나타낸 과학적 의문 생성 패턴은 '[패턴 1] 한 가지 유형의 의문 생성', '[패턴 2] 서로 다른 유형의 의문을 차례로 생성', '[패턴 3] 서로 다른 유형의 의문을 반복하여 생성', '[패턴 4] 서로 다른 유형의 의문을 순환하여 생성', '[패턴 5] 서로 다른 유형의 의문을 반복 순환하여 생성'의 다섯 가지로 분류할 수 있었다. 둘째, 초등과학영재와 일반학생은 각각 다섯 가지 패턴을 모두 나타냈으나 그 빈도에는 차이가 있었다. 영재학생들은 [패턴 3]과 [패턴 5]를 주로 나타냈으나, 일반학생들은 [패턴 1], [패턴 2], [패턴 3]을 가장 많이 나타냈다. 이러한 연구 결과는 학생들이 탐구 과정 중 생성한 개별 의문의 유형과 더불어 각 유형의 의문들을 생성해나가는 방식 또한 매우 중요함을 시사한다. 이를 통해 교사들은 학습자의 특성에 알맞은 과학적 의문 교수 학습 전략을 수립할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.605-610
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• 2018

본 논문의 목적은 효율적인 문제중심학습을 적용하기 위한 평가방법을 개발한다. 연구 대상은 창의공학설계 교과목을 수강한 H대학 1학년 학생 68명 이었으며, PBL수업은 12주에 4개의 PBL문제를 적용하였다. PBL의 효율성을 관찰하기 위하여 학생들은 주어진 문제의 PBL 활동 과정에서 평가지를 작성하여 제출하였다. 또한 PBL 활동이 끝날 때 마다 평가지와 성찰일지를 작성하여 제출하였다. 연구 결과는 PBL에 대한 이해, 학습 내용에 대한 이해, 협동학습에 대한 이해, 자아성찰, 실제적 경험, 창의문제 해결력, 자기주도적 학습 능력, 의사소통 능력, 문서작성 능력, 프리젠테이션 능력, 관찰 능력, 평가 능력과 같은 다양한 PBL의 효과를 경험한 것으로 나타났다. PBL 활동에 대해서는 지난 학기에 비하여 자신감, 만족감, 성취감도 높았으며, PBL 수업이 매우 유용했다고 응답했으며, 수업에 대한 만족도도 높았다. 그러나 PBL 활동 과정에서 팀원들 간의 의사소통문제, 함께 모이는 문제, 적극적으로 참여하지 않는 팀원 문제, 시간이 소용되는 문제가 나타났다.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.131-163
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze how social comparative learning of forum participants affects learning effects with an emphasis on participants' characteristics. As today's society is changing at a fast pace, the desire for new knowledge and information has grown accordingly. To quench this thirst for knowledge and information, seminars, symposiums, conferences, forums, conventions, exhibitions, and more are taking place as part of knowledge sharing events across the world. Also, the increased need for knowledge and information exchange has led the development and growth of the convention industry and Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Events (Exhibitions)(MICE) industry. Especially, forum is a type of event which invites professionals and specialists to discuss diverse topics and share their knowledge and experience with the audience. The participants utilize it as an opportunity to get close to information providers and enjoy the pleasure of knowledge exchange. However, there have been few empirical analyses on who the participants are, why they attend forum, how they pick up and learn new information and knowledge, and what kinds of learning effects they achieve after the event. This paper is to analyze how social comparative learning of the forum's participants influences learning effects based on Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory (1977, 1997, 1982. 2001) and Leon Festinger's Social Comparative Theory (1950, 1954). By dividing the participants into two groups, one with high level of self-efficacy and the other with low level of self-efficacy, we have examined the differences in learning effects between the two groups using them as moderating variables. This study was conducted in 'MBN Y Forum 2016,' which is one of the most representative knowledge exchange forums of South Korea. An online survey was distributed out and, 1,307(39.2%) out of the total participants of 3,338 have completed the survey. The survey included questions about whether the participants have gained positive or negative motivations by comparing themselves to the speakers (upward comparison learning) and other participants (lateral comparison learning). The results have shown the quality of messages that the speakers are presenting as knowledge providers is the most significant factor that acts on learning effects. Particularly, the participants had higher levels of self-efficacy and self-esteem than average people. They had a clear goal to learn from the speakers (upward comparison) and received positive motivations from them. In other words, no negative learning effects had been found. This presents a managerial implication that having a qualified speaker is necessary for a forum to be successful. On the other hand, the results from the comparison with the other participants (lateral comparison) were different. The participants were likely to compare themselves to the other participants through observational learning. They could compare listening attitudes, language skills, or capabilities to ask a question. The results have showed the participants received positive motivations from the lateral group but at the same time were jealous of abilities of the others. When the quality of a question by a participant is not good enough, it can have a negative influence on the participants' learning effects. The first group with high levels of self-efficacy and self-esteem had no correlation to negative learning effects from the speakers. They rather had a strong desire to learn from the speakers. On the contrary, the participants perceived the lateral group as a learning subset and competitor. The second group with low levels of self-efficacy and self-esteem saw the quasi-group as a rival. This presents that the individual learning effects can be different depending on the participants' characteristics.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.253-264
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• 2010

본 연구는 기존의 매체 경계를 허물면서 IP TV, PMP, 온라인 등을 통해 그 도달 범위가 날로 확산되는 티비 드라마가 은주를 어떤 방식으로 재현하는지 살펴보았다. 연구자는 기존 연구들이 상대적으로 적은 관심을 할애했던 음주의 맥락과 그 사회적 함의에 중점을 두면서 두 가지 목적을 달성하고자 하였다. 첫째, 최신 인기 드라마 텍스트를 분석해 음주가 재현되는 방식을 살펴보고; 둘째, 수용자 인터뷰를 통해 드라마를 적극적으로 시청하는 수용자들이 음주 현실에 대해 어떤 인식을 형성해 있는지 알아보았다. 2008년부터 2010년 현재까지 지상파 3사에서 방영된 시청률 20% 이상 현대물 드라마 12개를 분석대상으로 선정하여 텍스트 분석한 결과 술 마시기는 일상의 정서적, 사회적 문제를 해결하는 도구로서, 남녀 간 이상적인 로맨스 매개물로서 제시되는 양상이 지배적이며 인간관계에서 갈등, 어색함을 풀고 화해와 이해를 끌어내는 역할을 수행하는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 음주자 성별 면에서는 여성 음주자의 비율이 매우 높게 나타나지만 드라마 속 여성 음주는 대부분 남성의 보호 하에 이루어지는 것으로 나타나 대중문화 산물이 구성하는 음주 현실은 가부장적 가치관으로부터 자유롭지 않음을 드러내 보이고 있다. 수용자 인터뷰 결과 응답자들이 직접적으로 경험해보지 못한 유형의 음주에 대해서는 드라마 속 음주가 관찰학습의 대상이 되고 모방욕구를 창출한다는 것이 드러났다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.382-391
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 인공지능기법을 이용하여 진동만의 용존산소량 예측을 하였다. 관측자료에 존재하는 결측 구간을 보간하기 위해 양방향재귀신경망(BRITS, Bidirectional Recurrent Imputation for Time Series) 딥러닝 알고리즘을 이용하였고, 대표적 시계열 예측 선형모델인 ARIMA(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average)과 비선형모델 중 가장 많이 이용되고 있는 LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory) 모델을 이용하여 진동만의 용존산소량을 예측하고 그 성능을 평가했다. 결측 구간 보정 실험은 표층에서 높은 정확도로 보정이 가능했으나, 저층에서는 그 정확도가 낮았으며, 중층에서는 실험조건에 따라 정확도가 불안정하게 나타났다. 실험조건에 따라 정확도가 불안정하게 나타났다. 결과로부터 LSTM 모델이 중층과 저층에서 ARIMA 모델보다 우세한 정확도를 보였으나, 표층에서는 ARIMA모델의 정확도가 약간 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.41.2-41.2
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• 2021

In this study, we generate He I 1083 nm images from Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) images using a novel deep learning method (pix2pixHD) based on conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGAN). He I 1083 nm images from National Solar Observatory (NSO)/Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun (SOLIS) are used as target data. We make three models: single input SDO/AIA 19.3 nm image for Model I, single input 30.4 nm image for Model II, and double input (19.3 and 30.4 nm) images for Model III. We use data from 2010 October to 2015 July except for June and December for training and the remaining one for test. Major results of our study are as follows. First, the models successfully generate He I 1083 nm images with high correlations. Second, the model with two input images shows better results than those with one input image in terms of metrics such as correlation coefficient (CC) and root mean squared error (RMSE). CC and RMSE between real and AI-generated ones for the model III with 4 by 4 binnings are 0.84 and 11.80, respectively. Third, AI-generated images show well observational features such as active regions, filaments, and coronal holes. This work is meaningful in that our model can produce He I 1083 nm images with higher cadence without data gaps, which would be useful for studying the time evolution of chromosphere and coronal holes.

• 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회:학술대회논문집(한글 및 한국어 정보처리)
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• 한국정보과학회언어공학연구회 1991년도 제3회 한글 및 한국어정보처리 학술대회
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• pp.196-208
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• 1991

This study focused on the role of prefabricated speech (routines and patterns) in the L2 acquisition process. The data for this study consisted of spontaneous speech samples and various observational records of three Korean children learning English as L2 in a nursery school. The specific questions addressed here were: (1) What routines, patterns, and creative constructions did the children use? (2) What was the general trend in the three children's use of routines, patterns, and creative constructions over time? The data were collected over a period of one school year by observing the children in their school. The findings were discussed from the perspective of human information processing. This study found that prefabricated speech played a significant role in the three children's L2 acquisition. The automatic processing of prefabricated speech appeared to enable the children to reduce the burden on their information processing systems, which allowed the saved resources available for other language development activities. Also, the children's language development was evident in their increase in the use of patterns. The children were moving from heavy dependence on wholly unanalyzed routines to increased use of partly unanalyzed patterns. This increased control was the result of an increase in procedural knowledge.