• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.203-213
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• 2014

In this study, we proposed a new model with ISOIA (Insect Search by Observation based on Insect Appearance) method based on observation by insect appearance to improve user satisfaction, and compared it with the ISBC and ISOBC methods. In order to test these three insect search systems with AHP method, we derived three evaluation criteria for user satisfaction and three sub-evaluation criteria by evaluation criterion. In the ecological environment, non-experts need insect search systems to identify insect species and to get u-Learning contents related to the insects. To assist the public the non-experts, ISBC (Insect Search by Biological Classification) method based on biological classification to search insects and ISOBC (Insect Search by Observation based on Biological Classification) method based on the inference that identifies the observed insect through observation according to biological classification have been provided. In the test results, we found the order of priorities was ISOIA, ISOBC, and ISBC. It shows that the ISOIA system proposed in this study is superior in usage and quality compared with the previous insect search systems.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Purpose: To study the internal psychological conflicts among nursing students during an infection control protocol carried out in the hospital by measuring their observation skills and performance during clinical training. Methods: Investigation of both pre- and post- infection control was conducted using questionnaires for clinical infection practices. We identified and evaluated the students' observation skills, clinical performance, clinical perception, and internal conflict regarding clinical infection control. We also interviewed the students as part of our study. Results: Among parameters such as clinical performance, observation skills, clinical perception, and internal conflict, the average observation skills (t=5.49, p<.001) were significantly lower, while internal conflict among students (t=-7.23, p<.001) was significantly higher than expected prior to clinical training. Generally, there was a negative correlation between observation skills and internal conflict in every aspect of infection control practice (r=-.281, p=.031). Internal conflict was significantly higher than expected in the context of hand hygiene (t=-2.135, p=.037), personal hygiene (t=-3.48, p=.002), and ventilator management (t=-3.69, p<.001). Clinical performance of students in the context of hand hygiene (t=4.69, p<.001), personal hygiene (t=2.06, p=.044), and ventilator management (t=2.68, p<.001) was significantly lower than expected prior to clinical training. Conclusion: Our findings showed that internal psychological conflict is higher when infection control practices are observed or performed to a lesser degree. Therefore, reinforcing education regarding infection control among students, such as developing a systematic program, or consecutive training and monitoring, is suggested.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.398-407
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence and brain wave activity for first-person perspective action observation (1AO) and third-person perspective action observation (3AO) of healthy subjects. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects participated in this study. EEG was simultaneously recorded during the Relax period, the 1AO, and the 3AO, with event-related desynchronization (ERD) and coherence connectivity process calculations for brain wave (alpha, beta and mu) rhythms in relation to the baseline. Results: Participants showed increased coherence in beta wave activity in the frontal and central areas (p<0.05), during the 1AO using right-hand activity. Conversely, the coherence of the alpha wave decreased statistically significantly decreased in the frontocentral and parieto-occipital networks during the observation of the 1AO and the 3AO. The ERD values were larger than 40% for both central regions but were slightly higher for the C4 central region. The high relative power of the alpha wave during 1AO and 3AO was statistically significantly decreased in the frontal, central, parietal, and occipital regions. However, the relative power of the beta wave during 1AO and 3AO was statistically significantly increased in the parietal and occipital regions. Especially during 1AO, the relative power of the beta wave in the C3 area was statistically significantly increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that 1AO and 3AO action observations are relevant to modifications of specific brain wave coherence and ERD values. EEG cortical activity during action observation may contribute to neural reorganization and to adaptive neuroplasticity in clinical intervention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.39-45
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study aimed to provide the basic data necessary for rehabilitation by identifying the effects of complex balance exercises combined with self-observation training on balance and gait improvement in stroke patients. METHODS: This study assigned 20 people randomly into two groups: the control and experimental groups. The experimental group (10 subjects) underwent self-observation training-combined complex balance exercise. The control group (10 subjects) underwent complex balance exercises. A pretest of the balance ability and walking ability of both groups was performed. The interventions were conducted for 30 minutes three times a week for four weeks, and post-tests were conducted four weeks after all interventions were completed. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups according to the increase in Berg Balance Sale within the group and a statistically significant difference by a decrease in 10MWT (p < .01). On the other hand, there was a significant difference only in the change in Berg Balance Sale between the two groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Combined balance exercise combined with self-observation training and combined balance exercise alone positively affected the Berg Balance Sale and 10MWT in both groups. On the other hand, in the results between groups, there was a statistically significant difference in Berg Balance Sale in complex balance exercise combined with self-observation training. Therefore, self-observation training should be used for the rapid social rehabilitation of stroke patients.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.594-603
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• 2023

Background/Aims: The necessity for pharyngeal anesthesia during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is controversial. This study aimed to compare the observation ability with and without pharyngeal anesthesia under midazolam sedation. Methods: This prospective, single-blinded, randomized study included 500 patients who underwent transoral upper gastrointestinal endoscopy under intravenous midazolam sedation. Patients were randomly allocated to pharyngeal anesthesia: PA+ or PA- groups (250 patients/group). The endoscopists obtained 10 images of the oropharynx and hypopharynx. The primary outcome was the non-inferiority of the PA- group in terms of the pharyngeal observation success rate. Results: The pharyngeal observation success rates in the pharyngeal anesthesia with and without (PA+ and PA-) groups were 84.0% and 72.0%, respectively. The PA- group was inferior (p=0.707, non-inferiority) to the PA+ group in terms of observable parts (8.33 vs. 8.86, p=0.006), time (67.2 vs. 58.2 seconds, p=0.001), and pain (1.21±2.37 vs. 0.68±1.78, p=0.004, 0-10 point visual analog scale). Suitable quality images of the posterior wall of the oropharynx, vocal fold, and pyriform sinus were inferior in the PA- group. Subgroup analysis showed a higher sedation level (Ramsay score ≥5) with almost no differences in the pharyngeal observation success rate between the groups. Conclusions: Non-pharyngeal anesthesia showed no non-inferiority in pharyngeal observation ability. Pharyngeal anesthesia may improve pharyngeal observation ability in the hypopharynx and reduce pain. However, deeper anesthesia may reduce this difference.

• Atmosphere
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.359-370
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• 2017

In this study, the oceanic Total Precipitable Water (TPW) retrieval algorithm at 16 km altitude of High Altitude Long Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (HALE UAV) is described. Empirical equation based on Wentz method (1995) that uses the 18.7 and 22.235 GHz channels is developed using the simulated brightness temperature and SeeBor training dataset. To do radiative simulation, Satellite Data Simulator Unit (SDSU) Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) is used. The data of 60% (523) and 40% (349) in the SeeBor training dataset are used to develop and validate the TPW retrieval algorithm, respectively. The range of coefficients for the TPW retrieval at the altitude of 3~18 km with 3 km interval were 153.69~199.87 (${\alpha}$), 54.330~58.468 (${\beta}$), and 84.519~93.484 (${\gamma}$). The bias and RMSE at each altitude were found to be about $-0.81kg\;m^{-2}$ and $2.17kg\;m^{-2}$, respectively. Correlation coefficients were more than 0.9. Radiosonde observation has been generally operated over land. To validate the accuracy of the oceanic TPW retrieval algorithm, observation data from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Gisang 1 research vessel about six clear sky cases representing spring, autumn, and summer season is used. Difference between retrieved and observed TPW at 16 km altitude were in the range of $0.53{\sim}1.87kg\;m^{-2}$, which is reasonable for most applications. Difference in TPW between retrieval and observation at each altitude (3~15 km) is also presented. Differences of TPW at altitudes more than 6 km were $0.3{\sim}1.9kg\;m^{-2}$. Retrieved TPW at 3 km altitude was smaller than upper level with a difference of $-0.25{\sim}0.75kg\;m^{-2}$ compared to the observed TPW.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 1977

The author extracted 300 children as a control group and 300 children as an observation group from Korean primary school children which were aged 9 to 11, and surveyed the dental caries experience and oral hygiene condition. Children in a control group had not been served wit school meal. On the other hand, children in an observation group were served with school meal. The average number of caries experienced permanent teeth per mouth and the oral hygiene indices were calculated from the collected data and compared with each other. The obtained results were as follows. 1. The DMFT rate was 15.93% in the observation group and 10.33% in the control group. 2. The Oral Hygiene Index was 1.04 in the observation group and 1.60 in the control group. 3. It couldn't be made a decision that school meal service was direct cause to increase the occurrence of dental caries on the permanent teeth in Korean primary school children.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.68-73
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• 2017

In this study, we design a low-cost test equipment for real-time image observation and transmission/reception distance test using 1m by 1.5m bang-pai kite. The image observation is made by using two servo motors to enable the camera to control the two axis attitude. The image observation equipment is hung on the string of a kite and the test is performed to observe the real time image. The transmission and reception distance test of the wireless RF transceiver module is conducted on the ground and in the air.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2001

In this study, the maintenance problems were investigated through checking the creeks which were improved by close-to-nature river improvement technique. The characteristics of flow were measured at Changsa Creek in Suwon city. The computational results of numerical model with kinematic wave theory was evaluated through observation data about precipitation, velocity, and flow depth. Furthermore, SCS, Clark, and RRL models were compared to the actual observations. As a result, the kinematic wave theory's calculated peak time of discharge concentration occurred little earlier than the actual observation, but the tendency of hydrograph coincided with observation.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.170-173
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• 2004

When the data from the artificial satellite is analyzed, recent years it is perceived to vegetation index using BRF(Bi-directional Reflectance Factor) of the observation target. To make the BRF models, it is important to measure the 3D structure of the observation target actually. In this study, it is proposed to the observation technique by using multi-angle stereo pair image, and shown the observation result in grassland area. Also, our team has been operating the radio controlled helicopter which can fly over the tall forest canopy and it can be equipped the measurement system.