• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.469-474
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• 2005

Tn this study, the noll-destructive computed X-ray tomography was adopted to observe the density distribution of the needle-punched C-C composites nozzle throat. The density distribution of the C-C was evaluated within ${\pm}0.01g/cm^3$ with 98.74% confidence when the correction of the image and high signal-to-noise ratio were achieved by the optimization of the beam hardening, the electrical noise and the scattered X-ray. The density variation of the C/C with the computed tomography was in good agreement with the results obtained by the water immersion method and the observation with scanning electron microscope.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.283-289
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• 2011

This study investigated survival rate, osmorality, respiration, excretion and histological response with change of salinity in the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai at $24{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. Survival rate was 100% at 37.0 psu whereas all died after 6 days at 19.8 psu and within 24 hours at 12.8 psu, respectively. The 7-day median lethal limit (7day-$LS_{50}$) was 20.1-28.2 psu with confidence limits of 20.1-28.2 psu. Respiration rate in low salinity groups was lower than control group, but ammonia excretion rate was more increased in comparison to control group. Osmorality was acclimated within 1 hour at above of 26.8 psu but others could not acclimated at each experimental salinity. Histological observation of foot muscle showed hemolymph sinus distension, epidermal destruction and increased infiltration of phagocytes.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2013

Objective : The introduction and development of the embolic protecting device (EPD) has resulted in a decreased rate of stroke after carotid artery stenting (CAS). The authors performed a retrospective study to investigate the risk factors for developing large emboli after CAS which can lead to ischemic events. Methods : A total of 35 consecutive patients who underwent CAS between January 2009 and March 2012 were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups including those with small emboli (group A; grade 1, 2) and those with large emboli (group B; grade 3, 4). The size and number of emboli were assigned one of four grades (1=no clots, 2=1 or 2 small clots, 3=more than 3 small clots, 4=large clots) by microscopic observation of the EPD after CAS. We compared demographic characteristics, medical history, and angiographic findings of each group. Results : Thirty-five patients underwent CAS, and technical success was achieved in all cases. Twenty-three patients were included in group A and 12 patients in group B. Our results demonstrated that advanced age [odds ratio (OR) 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.52; p=0.044] and smoking (OR 42.06; CI 2.828-625.65, p=0.006) were independent risk factors for developing large emboli after CAS. Conclusion : In patients with carotid artery stenosis treated with CAS, advanced age and smoking increased the number and size of emboli. Although use of an EPD is controversial, it may be useful in CAS in patients with risk factors for large emboli in order to reduce the risk of ischemic events.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.84-92
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• 2000

This Study was conducted to assess the single dose toxicity of DA-125, a new anthracycline anti-cancer agent, in rats and mice. The Drug was administered once intravenously to both sexes of rats and mice. Then followed a 14-day period of observation. The $LD_{50}$ Values (95% confidence limit) were estimated to be 60.9 mg/kg (57.5~64.3 mg/kg) for male rats and 60.2 mg/kg (56.2~64.5 mg/kg) for female rats, and 85.8 mg/kg (81.0~90.9 mg/kg) for male mice and 84.5 mg/kg (78.2~91.9 mg/kg) for female mice. Both sexes of rats and mice given the drug revealed the clinical sign of decreased locomotor activity, emaciation, hair loss, red-dish brown urine, salivation, and watery diarrhea. In addition, body weight from the next day to the 7th day tended to be decreased slightly in rats and mice treated with DA-125. Death occurred from the next day after administration to the 12th day. Macroscopically, congestion of gastrointestinal organ, lung, and adrenal glands were found in both sexes on the dead rats and mice. Histopathological examination of dead rats manifested atrophy of spleen, hypoplasia of bone marrow, hypcplasia and necrosis of lymphocyte in thymus, atrophy of villi in small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), hyperplasia of granular epithelium in small intestine, degeneration of germinal epithelium in testis, defer oration of tubular epithelium in kidney, and vacuolation and myolysis of myocardium in heart. Histopathological examination of dead mice revealed hypoplasia of spleen and mesenteric lymph node, local necrosis of liver, atrophy of villi in small intestine, hyperplasia of glandular epithelium in small and large intestine, degeneration of tubular in kidney, degeneration of germinal cells in testis, and slight vacuolar degeneration of myocardium in heart.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a human detection technique using thermal imaging camera. The proposed method is useful at night or rainy weather where a visible light imaging cameras is not able to detect human activities. Under the observation that a human is usually brighter than the background in the thermal images, we estimate the preliminary human regions using the statistical confidence measures in the gray-level, brightness histogram. Afterwards, we applied Gaussian filtering and blob labeling techniques to remove the unwanted noise, and gather the scattered of the pixel distributions and the center of gravities of the blobs. In the final step, we exploit the aspect ratio and the area on the unified object region as well as a number of the principal components extracted from the object region images to determine if the detected object is a human. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in environments where visible light cameras are not applicable.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.180-191
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• 1997

When women are removed with their matrix which is a emotionally significant organ of symbol in psychologically adapting themselves to mother and woman, that is threatened and injured with woman role decisively. The nursing for women with hysterectomy is limited to medical treatment and the nursing related to troubles in psychology, emotion they experience in general situation due to operations is hardly realized. New basis for nursing can be realized when we both have relation with lived human experience related th health and become to be a part of it. We need to catch their experience due to the loss of matrix to understand women with hysterectomy. The subjects of the study were nine patients who were admitted to a gynecological ward of a hospital in Seoul, suffering from vaginal bleeding, back pain, abdominal pain and so on and diagnosing as non-cancer. The data were collected from April to May 1997 by listening to the subjects' expression of their experience and by participant observation of the subjects' reactions. A tape-recorder was used under the permission of the subjects, to prevent the loss of spoken information. The result of the study was as follows : The data on burden content from the interview were categorized as psych-emotional, physical, personal interaction, financial burden and maternal role burden. The factors which have influence on the burden of the subjects are an offer of information, support system, age, occupation, economic situation, family history, character, season, the existence of ovary and religion. In conclusion, since we ascertained that the nursing in the process of recovery decide the quality of life, though women with hysterectomy undergo various burden experience and adapt to it in the end, it is necessary to give them enough information and educate husband, having on important effect on the burden experience, to be a good supporter. And technically skilled nurses of consultant are thought to be able to contrive better qualitative life of women with hysterectomy as an important bridge between the subjects and their required information, since the nurses have their well-formed position of relationship of confidence through continuous contact with patients and their family.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2009

Objectives : To compare the performance of three comorbidity measurements (Charlson comorbidity index, Elixhauser s comorbidity and comorbidity selection) with the effect of different comorbidity lookback periods when predicting in-hospital mortality for patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods : This was a retrospective study on patients aged 40 years and older who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. To distinguish comorbidity from complications, the records of diagnosis were drawn from the National Health Insurance Database excluding diagnosis that admitted to the hospital. C-statistic values were used as measures for in comparing the predictability of comorbidity measures with lookback period, and a bootstrapping procedure with 1,000 replications was done to determine approximate 95% confidence interval. Results : Of the 61,815 patients included in this study, the mean age was 63.3 years (standard deviation: ${\pm}$10.2) and 64.8% of the population was male. Among them, 1,598 2.6%) had died in hospital. While the predictive ability of the Elixhauser's comorbidity and comorbidity selection was better than that of the Charlson comorbidity index, there was no significant difference among the three comorbidity measurements. Although the prevalence of comorbidity increased in 3 years of lookback periods, there was no significant improvement compared to 1 year of a lookback period. Conclusions : In a health outcome study for patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention using National Health Insurance Database, the Charlson comorbidity index was easy to apply without significant difference in predictability compared to the other methods. The one year of observation period was adequate to adjust the comorbidity. Further work to select adequate comorbidity measurements and lookback periods on other diseases and procedures are needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.441-447
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• 2002

KSR-III(Korea Sounding Rocket - III), which is being developed by Space Technology R&D Division of KARI(Korea Aerospace Research Institute) will be launched in late 2002. It is a three-stage, liquid propellant rocket which can reach 250 km altitude and will carry out observation of ozone layer and scientific experiments, such as microgravity experiment, and atmospheric measurement. KSR-III is believed to be an intermediate to the launch vehicle capable of carrying a satellite to its orbit. Space Test Department of KARI performed GVT(Ground Vibration Test) fer KSR-III EM at Rocket Test Building of KARI. GVT is very important for predicting the behavior of rocket in its operation, developing flight control program and performing aerodynamic analysis. This paper gives an introduction of rocket GVT configuration and information on test procedures, techniques and results of It. In this test. to simulate free-free condition, test object hung in the air laterally by 4 bungee cords specially devised. For the excitation of test object, pure random signal by two electromagnetic shakers was used and total 22 frequency response functions were achieved. Polyreference parameter estimation was performed to identify the modal parameters with MIMO(Multi-Input-Multi-Output) method. As the result of the test, low frequency mode shapes and modal parameters below 60Hz were identified

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.139-144
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• 2014

Purpose: Detection and determination of tendon injury in the finger or hand is not easy. Therefore, we aimed to study and evaluate the accuracy and the effectiveness of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of finger tendon injury. Methods: In this study, we enrolled patients, regardless of age and sex, with lacerations on their fingers. Patients with invisible wounds were excluded. We evaluated the accuracy and the effectiveness of ultrasonography and compared the results obtained from ultrasonography and with those obtained by visual observation of the injuries. Results: The sensitivity, the specificity and the accuracy of ultrasonography were found to be 66.7%, 100% and 91.3%, respectively (p<0.001) while those of physical examination were 71.4%, 98.3% and 91.3%, respectively. Small differences were observed between the sensitivities and specificities of the two examinations; however, the accuracies were the same (p<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which was used for diagnosis of tendon rupture using ultrasonography, was found to be 0.985 (95% confidence interval CI: 0.929-0.999),while that of physical examination was 0.938 (95% CI: 0.861-0.980). Conclusion: Ultrasonography can be used an effective diagnostic tool for patients with finger tendon injury.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to verify the reliability and validity of the Korean version of DMCI in Korean adolescents. Methods: A methodological study design was used with Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for reliability, and an exploratory factor analysis and contrasted groups approach for construct validity. DMCI was translated into Korean and tested with a sample of 406 adolescents in Korea. The data were analyzed using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, item correlation with total, principal component factor analysis, and t-test. Results: The translated content of the DMCI was validated by nursing faculty members and translation equivalency was obtained. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of the DMCI simplified with 18 items was .78. The factor analysis revealed three factors explaining 41.5% of total variance and the corresponding factors were self-observation (21.6%), self-judgement (11.4%), and self-confidence (8.6%). The mean score for the DMCI in the aggression group was significantly lower than the non-aggression group. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that the Korean version of DMCI can used as a reliable and valid measure to assess decision making competency in Korean adolescents.