• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2007

The frontal crash optimization of an engine room member using the response surface method was studied. The engine room member is composed of the front side member and the sub-frame. The thicknesses of the panels on the front side member and the sub-frame were selected as the design variables. The purpose of the optimization was to reduce the weight of the structure, under the constraint that the objective quantity of crash energy is absorbed. The response surface method was used to approximate the crash behavior in mathematical form for optimization procedure. To research the effect of the regression method, two different methodologies were used in constructing the response surface model, the least square method and the moving least square method. The optimum with the two methods was verified by the simulation result. The precision of the surrogate model affected the optimal design. The moving least square method showed better approximation than the least square method. In addition to the deterministic optimization, the reliability-based design optimization using the response surface method was executed to examine the effect of uncertainties in design variables. The requirement for reliability made the optimal structure be heavier than the result of the deterministic optimization. Compared with the deterministic optimum, the optimal design using the reliability-based design optimization showed higher crash energy absorption and little probability of failure in achieving the objective.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.93-100
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to provide basic objective data which can be utilized as an adjustment criterion for the alleviation of the limit on the number of floors of buildings by quantitatively evaluates the effect of the alleviation of the limit on the number of floors of buildings in apartment complexes on thermal environment of apartment complexes using data obtained from apartments in a class 2 general residential area. In this study, we carried out a thermal environment analysis utilizing the simulation of a virtual object area. The result is summarized as follows: The result of analyzing the entire surface temperature showed an equal decrease of surface temperature due to shadow in all scenarios and high floors showed a tendency of low surface temperature during daytime as the rate of shadow the high floors increase. This influences not only the surface temperature but also HIP and is judged to greatly contribute to the alleviation of the heat island effect. Also, the reason why HIP at high floors shows high values before sunrise and after sunset is thought to be because the concrete wall of the building maintains a high temperature during nighttime by absorbing and storing sunlight during daytime instead of reflecting it since it has low reflectance.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.2005-2011
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• 2020

Background: Motor imagery is the mental representation of an action without overt movement or muscle activation. However, few previous studies have demonstrated motor imagery training effects as an objective assessment tool in patients with early stroke. Objective: To investigate the effect of motor imagery training on Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEP) and upper limb function of stroke patients. Design: A quasi-experimental study. Methods: Twenty-four patients with stroke were enrolled in this study. All subjects were assigned to the experimental or control group. All participants received traditional occupational therapy for 30 minutes, 5 times a week. The experimental group performed an additional task of motor imagery training (MIT) 20 minutes per day, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks. Both groups were assessed using the SSEP amplitude, Fugl-Meyer assessment of upper extremity (FMA UE) and Wolf motor function test. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvement in SSEP amplitude and FMA UE than did the control group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the MIT effectively improve the SSEP and upper limb function of stroke patients.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.185-199
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• 2019

This study examined the effects of considered attributes when purchase on consumption attitudes and consumption happiness as well as compared the effects for sensible consumption and sentimental consumption. Data was collected from 373 consumers in 20s and 30s from November 15th to 20th in 2017. IBM SPSS 25.0 was used for basic statistical analyses and for paired t-tests, and lavaan 0.6-3 package and semTools package in R 3.3.3(2017-03-06) was used for structural equation modeling. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, there were almost no differences in product types between sentimental consumption and sensible consumption. Second, consumption attitudes toward sensible consumption were more positive than sensible consumption; however consumption happiness from sentimental consumption was higher than from sensible consumption. Third, considered attributes when making purchases were divided into subjective, objective, and symbolic with the effects of these attributes on consumption attitudes and consumption happiness analyzed by structural equation modeling. Regardless of sentimental or sensible consumption, objective selection attributes have a positive effect on consumption attitude, but subjective selection attributes have a positive effect on consumption happiness. This study implies that sentimental consumption has a positive value for contemporary consumers and that it should be counted as a feasible consumption activity to enhance consumption happiness.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.283-294
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• 2022

This holistic research focused on the interactive relationship of different factors with a unique relationship with the dependent variable. The first research objective of the study was to identify the most significant factor that has an impact on Job performance while being mediated. The second objective was to see the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between transformation leadership and innovation on job performance. This research followed a purely quantitative research paradigm with a structured questionnaire to quantify the information collected from 96 respondents for the empirical analysis. For testing the research hypotheses, IBM SPSS version 24 and SmartPLS version 3.2.8 softwares were used to run the structural equation modeling to establish the causal relationship between the study variables. Most of the variables were found with a significant impact on job performance. Further, the hypotheses H³, H⁶, and H¹⁰ were rejected as these contributed insignificant towards the research model. This research was limited to specific educational institutions and businesses, and the timeframe was restrictive. The findings of this research can benefit policymakers and the operational side of various industries. Future research may consider the difference in gender in predicting employee engagement through leadership and innovation.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.100-110
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• 2022

Corrosion of steel reinforcement is the most important mode of concrete structures damages. It strongly depends on the composition and physicochemical properties of the cementitious medium. The use of waste materials as lightweight aggregates in concrete is environmentally recommended in polluted environments such as marine and/or industrial atmospheres in order to reduce its porosity and ensure the requested protection of reinforcing steel. The present study investigated the effect of waste cork addition on corrosion resistance of steel rebar in mortar specimen prepared in the laboratory. The main objective of this study was to improve the corrosion resistance of reinforcing steel. Another objective of this study was to valorize this ecological product and preserve the environment. Results obtained from various electrochemical tests indicated that the presence of a fine cork powder substantially improved the corrosion resistance of steel in the mortar contaminated by chloride ions. This improvement was reflected by a notable decrease in corrosion current density and a shift of corrosion potential of the steel towards more noble values. Moreover, the presence of a fine cork powder in the mortar had no adverse effect on its mechanical properties.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.913-920
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to compare conventional antioxidants and plant extracts for oxidative stress control in lambs fed a high-concentrate diet. Methods: Forty-eight male Dorper×Santa Ines lambs with an initial weight of 20±1.49 kg and 60 days of age, were used to evaluate the effects of feeding a combination of Macleaya cordata and Magnolia officinalis plant extracts (0 vs 320 mg/kg dry matter [DM]) in combination with selenium+vitamin E (0 vs 100 IU/kg DM of vitamin E and 0.1 mg/kg DM of selenium) in a completely randomized block design in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. The animals were housed in individual pens and received a high-concentrate diet consisting of 80% whole corn and 20% protein pellet for 60 days. The animals were weighed at the beginning of the experiment and every 14 days for performance monitoring. Three blood samplings were performed during the experimental period for the evaluation of oxidative and protein parameters. Results: The treatments with vitamin E and selenium as additives had a positive influence on final weight, daily weight gain, carcass weight, and selenium content in longissimus muscle (p = 0.01). Plant extracts tended to improve final weight (p = 0.064) and daily weight gain (p = 0.059), showing similar effect as selenium and vitamin E. There was no effect of treatment on blood proteins, indicating that the animals were healthy throughout the experiment. Conclusion: The use of plant extracts had a similar effect as the addition of selenium and vitamin E, with dietary inclusion of additives resulting in better performance of lambs but both supplements did not have strong influence on oxidative stress.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.1-25
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• 2009

The major part of non-commercial food service is food service for school which has no any objective quality standards. Each school has different standard when they buy seafood for SFS(School Food Service). The research purpose is whether or not the extrinsic cues of the seafood such as price, the source origin, company image, safety standards, etc or the intrinsic cues such as fishy smell, the hardiness of fish meat, others have any effect on the seafood evaluation when school nutritionist purchase it, for more objective basis. The research method is distributing questionnaire survey through e-mail or directly visiting the schools from October 30 to November 9, 2007. The questionnaire was distributed to 70 nutritionists of food service for elementary school in Busan. Total 50 questionnaires are used as data in the statistical analysis using SPSS package software. The research results are; First, there is interaction effect between the extrinsic and intrinsic cues of seafood for SFS. That is when the school nutritionist valued on intrinsic cues of seafood such as a fishy smell, the hardiness of fish meat and etc influence on the extrinsic cues such as price, source origin, reliable circulation process, HACCP application, etc. Second, the extrinsic cues of the seafood give no effect on perceived quality. Since seafood for SFS are heavy buying, prearrangement contract and most of them using pre-treated frozen aquatics. Third, the intrinsic cues of the seafood give no effect on perceived quality. The extrinsic cues consist of 5 parts namely "opening about quality", "source origin", "company image", "safety/standards" and "price/package". However, "safety/standard" was the only affecting factor to perceive quality. The reason is that in fact they have no standards or any document proving the quality of the seafood unless safety standards factor. Last, the perceived quality is an important factor for perceived value and purchase intention. It is showed that there is a path to form a willing to buy through the perceived value after school nutritionist recognizes the perceived quality.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2015

Recently the military is improving the policies of military culture for soldiers to lead a better military life. In this effect, 'division A' introduced 'goal-directed self development program'. This program is guiding the soldiers to set up personal mission in life not only in the military but also linked to the future, after being discharged from military service. Therefore the purpose of this research is to test the effect of this program on soldier's objective management, self esteem and satisfaction and to propose political strategies for creating healthier military culture. The research method was to compare and analyze the difference between two groups, 'division A'(experimental group), which operated the program, and 'division B'(controlled group) which did not operated the program. research targets were 488 soldiers in total, 257 soldiers in experimental group and 231 in controlled group. T-test(verification) and analysis of covariance was done with SPSS WIN 11.5 program with collected information. The result showed that the program has meaningful effect in every aspect mentioned above to the soldiers.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.410-414
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• 2013

As one of the effective methods for researching the objective tinnitus detection, the GPIAS (Gap Pre-pulse Inhibition of Acoustic Startle) measurement has been used to verify the existence of animal tinnitus objectively. The level and pattern of the background sound presented prior to a startle pulse are closely related with the GPIAS results. But the effect of the starting point of the background sound on animal startle responses has not been reported yet. In this paper, we present the implementation of a GPIAS measurement system based on an unconstrained enclosure to avoid animals' excessive constraint stress and deal with the animals' growth. After the performance of our implemented system has been tested through the animal experiment using 4 SD-rats, the effect of starting point of stimulus background sound on the startle response has been studied by the use of our implemented system. Through the results, it is verified that our system can measure the inhibition of animal startle responses due the gap pre-pulse for GPIAS calculation and the background sound starting point does not significantly effect on the startle response and the GPIAS values if the background sound continues for more than 300msec before a gap pre-pulse is presented.