• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.427-439
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• 2008

This paper proposes a novel method to convert monoscopic soccer videos to stereoscopic videos. Through the soccer video analysis process, we detect shot boundaries and classify soccer frames into long shot or non-long shot. In the long shot case, the depth mapis generated relying on the size of the extracted ground region. For the non-long shot case, the shot is further partitioned into three types by considering the number of ground blocks and skin blocks which is obtained by a simple skin-color detection method. Then three different depth assignment methods are applied to each non-long shot types: 1) Depth estimation by object region extraction, 2) Foreground estimation by using the skin block and depth value computation by Gaussian function, and 3)the depth map generation for shots not containing the skin blocks. This depth assignment is followed by stereoscopic image generation. Subjective evaluation comparing generated depth maps and corresponding stereoscopic images indicate that the proposed algorithm can yield the sense of depth from a single view images.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.957-968
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• 2007

It is essential to obtain accurate and highly reliable streamflow data for quantitative management for water resources. Thereafter such real-time streamflow gauging methods as ultrasonic flowmeter and index-velocity are introduced recently. Since these methods calculate flowrate through entire cross-section by measuring partial velocities of it, rational and theoretical basis are necessary for accurate estimation of discharge. The purpose of the present study lies in analysis on the applicability of Chiu#s(1987, 1988) two dimensional velocity distribution equations by applying them to natural rivers and by comparing simulated velocity distributions with observed ones obtained with ADCP. Maximum and mean velocities are calculated from observed data to estimate entropy parameter M. Such isovel shape parameters as h and $\beta_i$ are estimated by object function based on least squares criterion. In case optimized parameters are applied, Chiu#s velocity distributions fairly well simulate observed ones. By using 14 simulated data sets which have relatively high correlation coefficients, properties of parameters are analyzed and h, $\beta_i$ are estimated for velocity-unknown river sections. When estimated parameters are adopted for verification, simulated velocity distributions well reproduce real ones. Finally, calculated discharges display rough agreement with measured data. The results of the present study mean that if parameters related are properly estimated, Chiu#s velocity distribution is likely to reproduce the real one of natural rivers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2020

An anti-collision system between equipment is essential on a drill floor where multiple moving machines are operated simultaneously. This is to prevent accidents by halting the machines when required, by inspecting possibility of a collision based on the relative position data sent by the equipment. In this paper, we propose a framework for an Anti-Collision System (ACS) by considering expandability of the number of machines and computational speed, to promote development of drilling machines and corresponding ACS software. Each drilling equipment is represented as an object in the software with its own message format, and the message is constructed with serialization/deserialization to manage any additional equipment or data. The data handling process receives the current status of machines from the drilling control network, and relays a collision related message (including bypass signal) back to the machines. A commercial visualization software shows the bounding boxes moving with the equipment and indicates probable collision. It has been determined that the proposed system maintains total execution time below 5ms to process data from the network and relay the information hence, the system has no effect on the machine control systems having 100ms control cycle.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.6 no.1 s.11
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• pp.11-17
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• 1998

Recently, 3D GIS based on 3D geo-processing methodology and Internet environment are emerging issues in GIS fields. To design and implement 3D GIS, the strategic linkage of Java and VRML is first regarded: 3D feature format definition in the passion of conventional GIS including aspatial attributes, 3B feature indexing, 3D analytical operators such as selection, buffering, and Near, Metric operation such as distance measurement and statistical description, and 3D visualization. In 3D feature format definition, the following aspects are implemented: spatial information for 3D primitives extended from 2D primitives, multimedia data, object texture or color of VRML specification. DXF-format GIS layers with additional attributes are converted to 3D feature format and imported into this system. While, 3D analytical operators are realized in the form of 3D buffering with respect to user-defined point, line, polygon, and 3D objects, and 3D Near functions; furthermore, 'Lantern operator' is newly introduced in this 3D GIS. Because this system is implemented by Java applet, any client with Java-enable browser including VRML browser plug-in can utilize the new style of 3D GIS function in the virtual space. Conclusively, we present prototype of WWW-based 3D GIS, and this approach will be contribute to development of core modules on the stage of concept establishment and of real application model in future.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14
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• pp.121-138
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to develop a new architectural language and design strategies that would anticipate and incorporate new historical situations and new paradigms to understand the world. It consists of four sections as follows: First, it presents a new interpretation of space, human body, and movement that we find in modern art and tries to combine that new artistic insight with environmental design to provide a theoretical basis for performance-event architecture. Second, it conceives of architectural environment as a combination of space, movement, and probabilistic situations rather than a mere conglomeration of material. It also perceives the environment as a stage for performance and the act of designing as a performance. Third, in this context, man is conceived of as an organic system that responds to, interacts with, and adapts himself to his environment through self-regulation. By the same token, architecture should be a dynamic system that undergoes a constant transformation in its attempt to accommodate human actions and behaviors as he copes with the contemporary philosophy characterized by the principle of uncertainty, fast-changing society, and the new developments in technology. Fourth, the relativistic and organic view-point that constitutes the background for all this is radically different from the causalistic and mechanistic view that characterized the forms and functions of modernistic design. The present study places a great emphases on dematerialistic conception of environment and puts forth a disprogramming method that would accommodate interchangeability in the passage of time and the intertextuality of form and function. In the event, performance-event architecture is a strategy based on the systems world-view that would enable the recovery of man's autonomy and the reconception of his environment as an object of art.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1391-1398
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• 1992

The hypothesis tested is that shifts in pH, induced when a cardioplegic solution is oxygenated, can be detrimental. The object of this study is to evaluate the effect of the pH of the oxygenating cardioplegic solution on postischemic recovery in the isolated rat heart. Either 100% oxygen or 95% oxygen: 5% carbon dioxide was added to the cardioplegic solution[St. Thomas` Hospital No. 2] and determined postischemic recovery of isolated rat hearts after 2 hours and 3 hours of 20oC cardioplegic protected ischemia. Heart were arrested and reinfused every 30 minutes throughout the ischemic period with cardioplegic solution. When 100% oxygen was added, the pH of the cardioplegic solution increased from 7.8[no oxygen] to 8.5[100% oxygen] without any change in postischemic functional recovery. But when 95% oxygen ; 5% carbon dioxide was added, the pH of the cardioplegic solution reversely decreased to 6.84 in the 2-hour ischemic group and 6.73 in the 3-hour ischemic group, associated with improved postischemic functional recovery. After 2-hour ischemia, systolic pressure improved from 88.2$\pm$3.7%[no oxygen] and 88.7$\pm$3.8%[100% oxygen] to 96.6$\pm$1.8%[95% oxygen : 5% carbon dioxide], p<0.05, aortic flow from 43.3$\pm$3.1% and 38.4$\pm$10.6% to 74.5$\pm$5.0%, p<0.001, cardiac output from 55.5$\pm$4.6% and 47.4%$\pm$10.6% to 73.1$\pm$4.6%, p<0.05, stroke volume from 62.7$\pm$4.6% and 52.0$\pm$10.1% to 77.2$\pm$4.6%, p<0.05, and dP/dT from 59.3$\pm$7.2% and 56.7$\pm$7.6% to 78.9$\pm$4.6%, p<0.05. The infused amount of the cardioplegic solution during 2-hour ischemic period was similar in three groups. After 3-hour ischemia, cardiac output improved from 17.0$\pm$3.8%[no oxygen] to 45.9$\pm$7.5%[95% oxygen: 5% carbon dioxide], p<0.05, and stroke volume from 21.0$\pm$3.9%[no oxygen] to 50.1$\pm$6.6%[95% oxygen: 5% carbon dioxide], p<0.01. In conclusion, the St. Thomas` Hospital No. 2 cardioplegic solution should be oxygenated but with 95% oxygen: 5% carbon dioxide and not 100% oxygen because of the additive effect of a relatively "Acidotic" pH.t; pH.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.18
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• pp.21-37
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• 2009

The purpose of study were the effect of stress levels and duty type of guarder on 8-OHdG(hydroxydeoxyguanosin), Immunoglobin, T-cell, NK-cell and antioxidant enzyme. The subject of this study is people who have the guard's career over 2 years. A group of object sample consists of sixty guards carrying the guardbusiness. The group division and distribution of the number of persons a group divided into the guard group of international factor(N=23), private guard group(N=23),and the others(N=14) as a group following the guardbusiness. The group following a stress level divided into 3groups as their score of stress measure; low stress group(N=14), middle stress group(N=26),and high stress group(N=20). In the office type, the experiment sampling the blood, analysing result of following the office type and stress had a conclusion after measuring stress as the followings. The stress level in the office type of guard showed highly in the guard group of international factor(p<.05). Finally we knew that the guard have different stress levels in the office type, even the immune function and the activation of superoxide dismutase affected them in the stress level. Stress showing in the guard career can do them an injury so it is desirable for the guard themselves to participate in the activities settling their stresses and in the development of exercise programs.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.69-86
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• 2011

The objective of this research is to unveil the dynamic changes of the trends in wedding dresses during the 20th Century. The studies were carried out in two forms; firstly by observing the actual wedding dresses worn by people at that time, and secondly by conducting formative comparisons between those dresses with the ones appeared in movies corresponding to that period. Movies provide an invaluable insight into the era's wedding dresses fashion trends since they function as intimate bridges in connection with the time's audience, and the visible imageries accurately reflect the characteristics embedded within that time frame. As there are no precedent studies regarding this topic, this thesis can serve as vital research data for the wedding dress industry. Research data regarding the actual wedding dresses were collected from books and museum web sites. The object of movies were films produced before World War II that contained both the background settings of the 20th Century and wedding dresses, of which photographic imageries were captured. Research analysis was then conducted by merging these data with findings from relevant books and internet materials. The results of the thesis are as the following: The 1900s was an extension of the 19th Century's popular fashion trend which can be characterized as the S curve silhouettes of the Edwardian period when long trains and long veils symbolized wealth and social power. In the 1910s, high waist silhouettes with soft wrinkles were prevalent as attire suitable for active mobility with practical functionality were highly regarded. During the 1920s, the flapper style became the dominant trend. Hem lines of the skirts were curled in the form of the scallop and laces were the most widely used raw materials. By the 1930s, wedding dresses that reinterpreted the glamorous sheath lines, practical two piece styles, and retro-styles became predominant. The 1940s saw the advent of ready-made wedding dresses made of synthesized materials; practical military style suits and casuals sometimes substituted the wedding dresses. And although the wedding dresses in the movies were primarily costumes to express the personalities of the characters, they were also reinterpreted as manifestations of the formative characteristics of each relative period that pursued very distinct and diverse features.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1014-1032
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• 2020

This work aimed to investigate the psychobiotic effects of six bacterial strains on the mind and behavior of male Wistar rats. The probiotic (PRO) group (n=7) were rats pre-treated with antibiotics for 7 days followed by 14-day probiotic administration, antibiotics (ANT) group (n=7) were rats treated with antibiotics for 21 days without probiotics. The control (CON) group (n=7) were rats that received sham treatment for 21 days. The six bacterial strains with probiotic properties were mostly isolated from Thai fermented foods; Pedicoccus pentosaceus WS11, Lactobacillus plantarum SK321, L. fermentum SK324, L. brevis TRBC 3003, Bifidobacterium adolescentis TBRC 7154 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis TBRC 375. The probiotics were freeze-dried into powder (6×10⁹ CFU/5 g) and administered to the PRO group via oral gavage. Behavioral tests were performed. The PRO group displayed significantly reduced anxiety level and increased locomotor function using a marble burying test and open field test, respectively and significantly improved short-term memory performance using a novel object recognition test. Antibiotics significantly reduced microbial counts in rat feces in the ANT group by 100 fold compared to the PRO group. Probiotics significantly enhanced antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic defenses in rat brains as assessed using catalase activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, respectively. Probiotics also showed neuroprotective effects with less pyknotic cells and lower frequency of vacuolization in cerebral cortex. This multi-strain probiotic formulation from Thai fermented foods may offer a potential to develop psychobiotic-rich functional foods to modulate human mind and behaviors.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.585-603
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• 1999

Esthetic availabilities used as an esthetic restorative maternals can be determined by the optical coincidence among materials, enamel and dentin. Enamel is highly translucent. That's why esthetic materials need to correspond the close translucency of enamel. But the translucent materials are affected by the background color. So it should be predicted that the color of estorative materials depend on the any thickness and the spectral reflectance of the background on which they are placed. The object of this investigation, under above hypothesis, was to determine and analyze how they affect the final color according to the thickness, translucency and background color (white, black and dentin) fill three commercial light cured composite resins(Charisma, Spectrum TPH and Z100). And correlation was analyzed to find out the possibility of the prediction when using the certain background color and thickness of materials. Followings are the result 1. The I shade of CHA showed the lowest contrast ratio($Co_7$) while the B3 shade of Z100 showed the highest contrast ratio(p<0.05). 2. The value of $L^*$ and $b^*$ on the white and dentin background is increased with decreasing thickness. And there are significant relationships between increasing thickness and each value(R>0.085). But there is a little change of $L^*$ and $b^*$ value on the black background regardless of the thickness(p>0.05). 3. For the $a^*$ value, there was little difference in values as a function of thickness and changed irregularly regardless of thickness in all background. 4. The pattern of increasing value of $L^*$ and $b^*$ with decreasing thickness was similar to the group of white and dentin background. In both dentin one showed lesser change of value. 5. The values of $L^*a^*b^*$ measured on the different background with same thickness showed the recognizable color difference(${\Delta}E^*$>2) when the thickness was below 2.6mm. 6. Contrast ratio was increased with increasing thickness with significant relationship (R>0.9). 7. Spectral reflectance of composite resins that calculated from Kubelka-Munk equation was showed little difference compared with observed value w1th decreasing thickness.