• 조형예술학연구
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• 제4권
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• pp.67-90
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• 2002

What is the semantic function of visual image in Contemporary art? This article proposes that representation is semantically still important in post-modernism as well as in modernism. The semantic function of representation has been changed by keeping pace with times. In modernism the 'outer representation' changed to 'inner representation', and in postmodernism the 'inner representation' changed to 'metaphorical representation'. The 'outer representation' means that image indicates a certain object or subject as the classical realism. In this case, the meaning of image is subordinate to an object, and a one-to-one correspond existed between the image and the object. Because this 'outer representation' is focused on an object but subject's intention, the indicative function of meaning is definite and singular. The 'inner representation' means that image exposes the fundamentals or process of an object. In this case, the meaning of image resolves itself into an absolute fundamental, and one-to-many correspond existed between the image and the object. Because this 'inner representation' is focused on essence and substance but an external form, the indicative function of meaning is inclusive and general. The 'metaphorical representation' means that image critically relates social constraint and condition as metaphor and allegory. In this case, the meaning of image is not subordinate to an object and a subject, and the image and the object indicate interactively. Because this 'metaphorical representation' is focused on interaction between subject, object, and interpreter, the indicative function of meaning is differant and ecological. This article focused on the representation because I believe that continuous thinking of totality can be opened by cognitive mapping, even though we never understand the world totally in the chaotic post modern age.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.3655-3671
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• 2015

In this paper, we develop a novel object tracking method based on sparse representation. First, we propose a relaxed sparse representation model, based on which the tracking problem is casted as an inverse sparse representation process. In this process, the target template is able to be sparsely approximated by all candidate samples. Second, we present an objective function that combines the sparse representation process of different fragments, the relaxed representation scheme and a weight reference prior. Based on some propositions, the proposed objective function can be solved by using an iteration algorithm. In addition, we design a tracking framework based on the proposed representation model and a simple online update manner. Finally, numerous experiments are conducted on some challenging sequences to compare our tracking method with some state-of-the-art ones. Both qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that the proposed tracking method performs better than other competing algorithms.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.2346-2362
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• 2016

As one of the most important issues in computer vision and image processing, online object tracking plays a key role in numerous areas of research and in many real applications. In this study, we present a novel tracking method based on the proposed structured sparse representation model, in which the tracked object is assumed to be sparsely represented by a set of object and background templates. The contributions of this work are threefold. First, the structure information of all the candidate samples is utilized by a joint sparse representation model, where the representation coefficients of these candidates are promoted to share the same sparse patterns. This representation model can be effectively solved by the simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit method. In addition, we develop a tracking algorithm based on the proposed representation model, a discriminative candidate selection scheme, and a simple model updating method. Finally, we conduct numerous experiments on several challenging video clips to evaluate the proposed tracker in comparison with various state-of-the-art tracking algorithms. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations on a number of challenging video clips show that our tracker achieves better performance than the other state-of-the-art methods.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.131-145
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• 2017

The representation of irrational numbers has a key role in the learning of irrational numbers. However, transparent and finite representation of irrational numbers does not exist in school mathematics context. Therefore, many students have difficulties in understanding irrational numbers as an 'Object'. For this reason, this research explored how mathematics textbooks affected to students' understanding of irrational numbers in the view of process and object. Specifically we analyzed eight textbooks based on current curriculum and used framework based on previous research. In order to supplement the result derived from textbook analysis, we conducted questionnaires on 42 middle school students. The questions in the questionnaires were related to the representation and calculation of irrational numbers. As a result of this study, we found that mathematics textbooks develop contents in order of process-object, and using 'non repeating decimal', 'numbers cannot be represented as a quotient', 'numbers with the radical sign', 'number line' representation for irrational numbers. Students usually used a representation of non-repeating decimal, although, they used a representation of numbers with the radical sign when they operate irrational numbers. Consequently, we found that mathematics textbooks affect students to understand irrational numbers as a non-repeating irrational numbers, but mathematics textbooks have a limitation to conduce understanding of irrational numbers as an object.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2015

Visual object tracking is a fundamental problem in the field of computer vision, as it needs a proper model to account for drastic appearance changes that are caused by shape, textural, and illumination variations. In this paper, we propose a feature-based visual-object-tracking method with a sparse representation. Generally, most appearance-based models use the gray-scale pixel values of the input image, but this might be insufficient for a description of the target object under a variety of conditions. To obtain the proper information regarding the target object, the following combination of features has been exploited as a corresponding representation: First, the features of the target templates are extracted by using the HOG (histogram of gradient) and LBPs (local binary patterns); secondly, a feature-based sparsity is attained by solving the minimization problems, whereby the target object is represented by the selection of the minimum reconstruction error. The strengths of both features are exploited to enhance the overall performance of the tracker; furthermore, the proposed method is integrated with the particle-filter framework and achieves a promising result in terms of challenging tracking videos.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 1990

본 논문에서는 CSG 방식으로 나타내어진 3차원 입체를 신속하게 외형선 표시방식으로 그려줄 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 두 개의 CSG 트리가 하나로 결합될때, 각 종속 트리에 해당하는 입체를 구성하는 다각형들간의 교차 부분을 계산하여 주어진 결합 연산자에 따라 합성 입체의 경계선 표현을 얻어내고, 이를 트리의 루트노드에 저장한다. 루트 노드에 저장된 경계선 표현은 입체를 외형선 표시방식으로 그려주는 부분과 다음 경계선 표현 계산에서 사용된다. 자유 곡면을 모델링하기 위하여 Bezier 곡면을 기본 입체의 하나로 취급하였고, 설계된 입체에 대한 실제적인 영상을 얻기 위하여 scan-line 알고리듬을 사용하였는데, 이 방식에서는 각 scan-line을 다각형들이 교차하지 않는 구간들로 나누고, 입체의 CSG 표현을 이용하여 각 구간을 묘화한다.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2014

To address the problem of multi-target retrieval (MTR) of remote sensing images, this study proposes a new object-level feature representation model. The model provides an enhanced application image representation that improves the efficiency of MTR. Generating the model in our scheme includes processes, such as object-oriented image segmentation, feature parameter calculation, and symbolic image database construction. The proposed model uses the spatial representation method of the extended nine-direction lower-triangular (9DLT) matrix to combine spatial relationships among objects, and organizes the image features according to MPEG-7 standards. A similarity metric method is proposed that improves the precision of similarity retrieval. Our method provides a trade-off strategy that supports flexible matching on the target features, or the spatial relationship between the query target and the image database. We implement this retrieval framework on a dataset of remote sensing images. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves competitive and high-retrieval precision.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제5권10호
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• pp.2567-2574
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• 1998

소프트웨어 공학 기법과 툴들은 제어 흐름 그래프, 프로그램 종속성 그래프, 시스템 종속성 그래프와 같은 프로그램의 그래픽한 표현에 의존한다. 본 논문은 기존의 객체지향 프로그램의 표현방법의 복잡하고 중복된 표현의 문제점을 개선하여 새로운 객체 지향 프로그램 종속성 그래프를 제안한다. 객체지향 프로그램 종속성 그래프는 클래스 종속성 그래프와 클래스 계층구조 그래프, 그리고 프로시듀어 종속성 그래프로 구성된다. 제안된 객체지향 프로그램 종속성 그래프는 기존의 방법에 비해 그 표현이 간결할 뿐만 아니라, 쉽게 확장이 가능하여 프로그램이 점진적으로 개발되는 경우에도 사용할 수 있다. 뿐만 아니라 프로그램에 대한 동적 정보를 제공할수 있도록 확장될 수 있다.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 희소성 표현을 기반으로 하는 객체 추적 방법에 있어서 객체 표류 현상을 처리하기 위한 새로운 방법을 제시한다. 그중에서도 APG-L1 (accelerated proximal gradient L1) 방법은 희소성 표현이란 객체의 외형을 표현하기 위한 목표 템플릿(target template)과 배경이나 폐색(occlusion)과 같은 객체 이외의 부분을 대체하기 위한 기본 템플릿(trivial template)를 이용하여 입력 영상을 표현하는 방법이다. 또한 어파인 변환행렬을 이용한 particle filtering 이 적용되어 객체의 위치를 찾고 APG 방법을 사용하여 희소성기반의 L1-norm을 최소화한다. 본 논문에서는 객체추적의 표류현상을 방지하기 위하여 기본 템플릿의 계수를 활용하여 배경을 가진 객체가 채택되는 현상을 방지하는 방법을 제시한다. 다양한 영상에 적용하여 제안하는 방법을 실험한 결과, 기존의 방법들과 비교하여 높은 성과를 보인다.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2023

The main objective of this study is to propose a method to enhance building safety using the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) schema in Building Information Modeling (BIM). To achieve this goal, a fire object relationship diagram is created by using the Model View Definition (MVD) and Property Set (Pset) methodology, as well as the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) based object relationship analysis. The proposed method illustrates how to represent objects and tasks related to fire prevention and human safety during a building fire, including variables that are relevant to these aspects. Furthermore, the proposed method offers the advantage of considering both the IFC object hierarchy and the project work hierarchy when creating new objects, thereby expanding the attribute information for fire safety and maintenance. However, upon confirmation via an IFC viewer after development, a problem with the accuracy of mapping between attributes and objects arises due to the issue of proxy representation of related object information and newly added object information in standard IFC. Therefore, in future research, a mapping method for fire safety objects will be developed to ensure accurate representation, and the scope of utilization of the fire safety object diagram will be expanded. Furthermore, efforts will be made to enhance the accuracy of object and task representation. This research is expected to contribute significantly to the technological development of building safety and fire facility design in the future.