• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.160-168
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the pro-environmental attitude (actual commitment domain, verbal commitment domain, affect domain), behavior to decreased exposure and knowledge of endocrine disruptors by obesity -related profiles (BMI, body fat percentage, visceral fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass percentage, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 102 nursing students. Data were collected from November to December, 2015 using self-report questionnaires and physical measurements. Data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson correlation and coefficients with SPSS 18.0. Results: The study results showed that actual commitment domain of pro-environmental attitude and behavior to decreased exposure level on endocrine disruptors were significantly related to visceral fat percentage. Actual commitment domain of a pro-environmental attitude was significantly related to body fat percentage. Pro-environmental attitude was significantly related to the behavior to decreased exposure level on endocrine disruptors and knowledge thereof. Conclusion: These findings suggest that visceral fat and body fat percentages were significantly related to the actual commitment domain of a pro-environmental attitude. Therefore, a replication study is recommended to understand the connection between endocrine disruptors and obesity. In addition, developing an education program about endocrine disruptors for nursing students is recommended. In particular, a pro-environmental attitude, especially on actual commitment domain, could be involved as an education program.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2000

Objectives : To assess the prevalence rate of dyslipidemia and the level of related factors in adolescents groups in Seoul and Yangpyong area. Methods : Design; School based survey during May-Jun 1996 in Seoul and Yangpyong county. Subject; 2,453 boys and girls, aged 13 to 19 years; 1,137 Seoul and 1,316 Yangpyong county. Main Outcome Measures; Prevalence rates of raised serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, decreased HDL-cholesterol, obesity, and levels of energy intake and expenditure Results : Energy intake and fat intake of boys were higher than those of girls and they were higher in Seoul. Energy expenditure per day of boys was bigger than that of gins too. Prevalence rate of obesity was higher in boys of Seoul(15.2%) and girls in Yangpyong county(14.0%). Serum lipid profiles(total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol) were higher among girls and all prevalence rates of dyslipidemia were higher in boys in Seoul and in girls in Yangpyong county. Especially, girls(29.1%) in Yangpyong had raised serum cholesterol level$(\geq170\;mg/dl)$. In contrast, boys in Seoul had higher level of decreased HDL-cholesterol(46.8%) compared to Yangpyong(23.6%). The relationships between serum lipid profiles and relative weights and sex are highly significant. And the relationship between triglycerides and energy intake is significant(p=0.038). But, the associations between serum lipid profiles and energy expenditure had borderline significances Conclusions : Hypercholesterolemia rates in girls were higher. Obesity prevalence rate was highest in boys of Seoul. Relative weight and sex are significantly related to lipid profiles. Therefore, Korea is in need of preventive strategies for different obesity and gender groups.

• CELLMED
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.24.1-24.5
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• 2012

Obesity is psychological and socioeconomic problems as well as health problems related to physical disease and disorder. The obesity epidemic, including a marked increase in the prevalence of obesity among pregnant women, represents a critical public health problem throughout the world. Gung-Gui-Tang (GGT), a prescription of traditional Korean medicine, has been used to treat dizziness due to loss of blood as well as static blood after childbirth. However, the therapeutic potential of GGT on postpartum obesity has not been fully elucidated in an experimental model. In our research, GGT inhibited the increases of body weight and adipose tissues in postpartum mice fed a high-fat diet. GGT also inhibited the elevations of plasma lipid profiles such as triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and glutamate pyruvate transaminase. Overall, these results provide evidence that GGT can help to inhibit postpartum obesity and open new perspective to recover the shape of mother into the moment of conception.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.803-813
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anthropometric and blood biochemical characteristics, the dietary behaviors and health-related lifestyles of obese children in Incheon. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using anthropometric measurements, biochemical assessments and questionnaire analysis. The subjects included 7,055 obese children residing in the Incheon area (from 106 elementary schools). The degree of obesity was classified using the Obesity Index (OI) as light 20% ＜ OI ＜ 30% ; Medium 30% ＜ OI ＜ 50% ; Severe 50% ＞ OI. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 10.0 program. Most subjects fell within the medium range of obesity. Most subjects had dietary problems such as overeating, unbalanced meals and skipping breakfast. The ratio of boy subjects eating green and yellow vegetables was lowe. when compared to that of the girl subjects. The boy subjects exercised more frequently and longer than the girls. As the Obesity Index increased, hypercholesterolemia significantly increased. The blood cholesterol levels of the subjects were positively correlated with body fat, waist/hip ratio and BMI; HDL cholesterol levels of the subjects were negatively correlated with the anthropometric data and the LDL cholesterol levels of the subjects were positively correlated with body fat. The blood triglycerides levels of the subjects were positively correlated with body weight, body fat, waist/hip ratio and BMI. Therefore, proper nutritional education and intervention are required for an improvement of obese children＇s dietary behavior, heath-related factors and blood lipid profiles.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2012

In humans, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was shown to be inversely related to obesity; in addition, its association with contributing factors for obesity such as insulin, lipids, and glucose profiles has been demonstrated in the literature. However, this association between NT-proBNP and the severity of obesity has not been investigated in veterinary medicine. Our study hypothesis is that plasma levels of NT-proBNP may be related to body condition score (BCS) and contributing factors to obesity in dogs with heart diseases. To achieve our study goal, we collected blood samples from 73 client-owned dogs of small breeds at different stages of heart failure due to chronic mitral valvular insufficiency (CMVI). Fasting glucose concentrations, lipid profiles (i.e., total triglycerides [TG], total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]), fructosamine, insulin and NT-proBNP concentrations were measured. The insulin/glucose ratio was also determined. NT-proBNP showed not only a significant correlation with the severity of CMVI related heart failure but also an inverse relationship to body condition scores (BCS), insulin plasma levels and fructosamine concentrations. We found the presence of an inverse relationship between plasma levels of NT-proBNP and the severity of obesity. In addition, NT-proBNP was associated with lower levels of contributing factors to obesity such as fructosamine and insulin, creating a possible link between the obesity and NT-proBNP in dogs with heart disease. This is also the first report demonstrating an inverse association between obesity and NT-proBNP in dogs with heart failure.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2008

Abdominal obesity, especially, visceral obesity is thought to be a risk factor of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease. Based on previous studies visceral fat accumulation is highly related to these diseases compared to subcutaneous fat accumulation. The purpose of this study was to see the relation between abdominal obesity and lipid profiles in adult women. The included subjects were 25 adult women(BMI > $23\;kg/m^2$), who visited the obesity clinic in a general hospital from April 2006 to September 2007. Blood pressure, fasting glucose and lipid profiles were measured. The abdominal fat distribution had been assessed by CT scan at the level of L4-L5. From bivariate analyses, the visceral fat accumulation showed negative correlations with TC and TC/HDL. The BMI, total abdominal fat and Visceral fat/Subcutaneous fat ratio showed significant correlations with visceral fat accumulation. From linear regression analyses of all the study subjects, TC, TG and HDL were found to be determinants of the visceral fat accumulation($R^2\;=\;0.474$).

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.295-302
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• 2010

The aims of this study were to evaluate obesity-related dietary behaviors and to determine long-term exercise effects on obesity and blood lipid profiles in elderly Korean subjects. A total of 120 subjects, aged 60-75 yr, were recruited, and obesity-related dietary behaviors were determined. An exercise intervention was conducted with 35 qualified elderly females for 6 months, and body composition and blood lipids were measured 6 times at 4 week intervals. At baseline, mean BMI ($kg/m^2$) was 24.8 for males and 23.1 for females. The females had better eating habits than the males and were more concerned with reading nutrition labels on food products (P < 0.001); they also preferred convenience foods less than the male subjects (P < 0.05). Obese individuals were more likely than overweight or normal weight individuals to misperceive their weight (P < 0.001). Those with a high BMI responded feeling more depressed (P < 0.01), lacking self-confidence (P < 0.01), and feeling isolated (P < 0.01) as well as having more difficulty doing outdoor activities (P < 0.01). After exercise, body fat (%) and WHR were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while body weight and BMI were also decreased without statistical significance. Total cholesterol and blood HDL were significantly improved (207.1 mg/dl vs. 182.6 mg/dl, HDL: 45.6 mg/dl vs. 50.6 mg/dl, P < 0.05). Other benefits obtained from exercise were improvements in self-confidence (26.4%), movement (22.6%), stress-relief (18.9%), and depression (13.2%). In conclusion, elderly females had better eating habits and were more concerned with nutrition information and healthy diets compared to elderly males. However, misperceptions of weight and obesity-related stress tended to be very high in females who were overweight and obese, which can be a barrier to maintain normal weight. Long-term Danhak practice, a traditional Korean exercise, was effective at reducing body fat (%) and abdominal obesity, and improved lipid profiles, self-confidence, and stress.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.116-121
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• 2010

The association between adiponectin concentration and obesity have been reported and genetic variations of the ADIPOQ gene are known to influence the plasmatic concentration of adiponectin. Therefore, we investigated the effect of AIPOQ single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on obesity-related variables, and their modulation by dietary intakes in Korean women. The subjects consisted of 3,217 Korean women aged 40-59 years participating in the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (KoGES). The general characteristics, anthropometric variables, serum blood profiles were measured. Dietary intake was analyzed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Subjects with the T allele of AIPOQ rs182052 showed significantly higher obesity-related variables such as weight (p=0.005), BMI (p<0.000), fat body mass (p=0.005), and waist-hip ratio (p=0.007) than those with the C allele. Moreover, the rs182052 T allele was associated with an increased risk of obesity prevalence (p=0.019). However, there were not any significant interactions observed between the genotype of ADIPOQ rs182052 and dietary intake on BMI and fat body mass. These findings suggest that the obesity-related variables may be more dominantly affected by the genotype of ADIPOQ rs182052 than dietary intake in middle aged Korean women.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2008

Objectives To investigate the relationship between Heart Rate Variability and menopause among obese middle-aged women in Korea. Subjects and Methods Forty middle-aged women (age 49.05 $\pm$ 2.64 years) with BMI > $23kg/m^2$ were recruited by local advertisement. Blood profiles of estrogen, FSH, LH, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride were measured. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) was estimated by short-term spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were accessed using Computerized Tomography (CT), Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA), and anthropometry. To scrutinize the influence of ANS on obesity-related factors, we divided the subjects into pre- and post-menopausal women. Results The total cholesterol, FSH and LH were significantly higher in post-menopausal obese women group. The estradiol and standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals (SDNN), high-frequency components (HF) of the HRV were significantly lower in postmenopausal obese women group (P<0.05). Adipose tissue distribution and blood profiles were not significantly different between two groups. Conclusion Menopause induced a decrease in SDNN and HF values and increase in total cholesterol level in obese women although the VAT itself was not related with ANS in obese women.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 2008

This study was performed to find and compare the characteristics of dietary factors and obesity indices on serum lipid profiles using 407 healthy adult males that had physical examinations conducted at the general hospital located in Suwon. The subjects were divided 56.3% for the normal group, 16.7% for TG, 14.5% for TC and 12.5% for TC TG group, respectively. When comparing the blood lipid profiles to normal group, TC group was high in both total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, TG group was high in triglyceride and low in HDL-cholesterol, TC TG group was high in triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and low in HDL-cholesterol. In comparison of blood lipid profiles with normal group, among anthropometric factors, body weigh, BMI (Body Mass Index) and WHR (Waist Hip Ratio) showed significant differences. TC group was high in both total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and TG group was high in triglyceride and low in HDL-cholesterol. TC TG group was high in triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and was low in HDL-cholesterol. Body weigh of TG group was significantly higher than that of normal group (p<0.05). BMI and WHR of TG group and TC TG group were significantly higher than those of normal group (p<0.05). Total cholesterol was mainly related to the intake of animal lipids and alcoholic beverage. Serum triglyceride levels were closely related with lipid intake and high BMI in this group. In TC TG group, BMI and WHR were high. As well, serum LDL-cholesterol was high and HDL-cholesterol was low which indicates TC TG group had the most undesirable blood lipid profiles. Therefore, it may be necessary to manage BMI and WHR to prevent hyperlipidemia and obesity for adult males in Suwon.