• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

Abdominal obesity is considered as one of the most risky factors governing the development of metabolic diseases. Here we identify that human chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1, also called YKL-40 in human) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs883125, is associated with abdominal obesity in Korean women. Korean women subjects with the rs883125 G/G or C/G genotype present higher waist-hip ratio than subjects with C/C genotype suggesting that human subjects who G nucleotide substitution at the rs883125 tended to more accumulate intra-abdominal fat at the abdominal cavity. In addition, Chi3l1 gene expression is increased in adipose tissue from obese mice and pro-inflammatory cytokine enhances Chi3l1 expression in adipocytes, indicating that Chi3l1 is greatly related with obesity and obesity-induced pro-inflammatory responses. Taken together, the minor allele of rs883125 is associated with a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity in Korean women. These findings suggest that genotype of rs883125 can be a biomarker of incident abdominal obesity and abdominal obesity-related metabolic diseases.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2016

Amomum cadamomum Linne (ACL) has long been utilized against the inhibited qi movement related diseases such as dyspepsia, acute gastroenteritis, vomiting and diarrhea in Korean medicine. We speculated that ACL could improve the metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes through removing the phlegm-dampness and promoting the qi movement or stagnation. This study was designed to investigate effects and molecular mechanisms of ACL extract on the improvement of adipocyte dysfunction induced by TNF-α in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Potential roles of ACL extract in the lipogenesis, inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance, were investigated in this study. Also, we examined the adipose genes and signaling molecules related to insulin resistance and glucose uptake to elucidate its mechanism. Our data demonstrated that TNF-α significantly incresed the release of lipid droplets and the production of MCP-1 and IL-6 from adipocytes. In gene expression, TNF-α reduced the expression of aP2, PPARγ, C/EBPα, GLUT4, and IRS-1 related to lipogenesis and insulin sesitivity, while TNF-α increased the expression of MCP-1 related to inflammation. In addition, TNF-α down-regulated the PPARγ and IRS-1 protein and up-regulated the IRS-1 Ser307 phosphorylation. These alterations induced by TNF-α were prevented by the treatment of ACL extract. Thus, our results indicate that ACL extract can be used to prevent from the TNF-α-induced adipocyte dysfunction through insulin and PPARγ pathways.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.285-295
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• 2021

수면은 필수적인 생리적 기능일 뿐만 아니라 인간의 성장, 성숙 및 전반적인 건강을 증진시키는 데 중요한 역할을 한다. 수면과 수면 장애가 대사성 질환에 미치는 영향에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증은 일반적인 건강 문제이며, 지난 10년 동안 비만율의 증가로 인해 더 두드러진 대사 질환과 함께 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증의 유병률이 현저하게 증가했다. 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증에 의한 대사성 질환을 유발하는 근본적인 메커니즘은 다인성일 가능성이 높으며, 완전히 밝혀지지 않고 있지만, 염증과 산화 스트레스의 활성화와 식욕 조절 호르몬의 조절 장애는 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증 환자에게 나타나는 대사 기능 장애와 비만의 중요한 병리 생리학적 성분으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증과 대사질환의 연관성에 대한 연구 현황과 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증이 이러한 질병을 유발하는 병리생리학적 메커니즘에 대해 검토하고자 한다. 이를 통해 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증과 비만, 그리고 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증과 대사 기능 장애 사이의 잠재적인 상호작용을 이해할 수 있다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2010

Obesity is considered a mild inflammatory state, and the secretion of inflammation-related cytokines rises as adipose tissue expands. Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interlukin 6 (IL-6) and monocyte-chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), are modulated by adipose tissue and known to play an important role in insulin resistance which is the common characteristics of obesity related disorders. In this study we analyzed the effects of Sasa borealis leaves extract on inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance in diet induced obese C57/BL6J mice. The obese state was induced by a high fat diet for 20 weeks and then the mice were divided into two groups; obese control group (OBC, n = 7) and experimental group (OB-SBE, n = 7). The OBC group was fed a high fat diet and the OB-SBE group was fed a high fat diet containing 5% Sasa borealis leaves extract (SBE) for 12 weeks. We also used mice fed a standard diet as a normal control (NC, n = 7). The body weight and adipose tissue weight in the OB group were significantly higher than those in the NC group. The effects of the high fat diet were reduced by SBE treatments, and the body weight and adipose tissue deposition in the OB-SBE group were significantly decreased compared to the OBC group. The OBC group showed higher serum glucose and insulin levels which resulted in a significant increase of incremental area under the curve (IAUC) and HOMA-IR than the NC group. Also, serum leptin, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the OBC group than in the NC group. In contrast, the OB-SBE group showed a reversal in the metabolic defects, including a decrease in glucose, insulin, IAUC, HOMA-IR, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and leptin levels. These results suggest that BSE can suppress increased weight gain and/or fat deposition induced by a high fat diet and theses effects are accompanied by modulation of the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 secretion resulting in improved insulin resistance.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.494-500
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Evidence indicates that berry anthocyanins are anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. However, berries differ vastly in their anthocyanin composition and thus potentially in their biological and metabolic effects. The present study compared hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of blueberry (BB), blackberry (BK), and blackcurrant (BC) in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat (HF; 35% fat, w/w) control diet or a HF diet supplemented with freeze-dried 5% BB, 6.3% BK or 5.7% BC for 12 weeks (10 mice/group) to achieve the same total anthocyanin content in each diet. Plasma lipids, antioxidant status and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured. The expression of genes involved in antioxidant defense, inflammation, and lipid metabolism was determined in the liver, epididymal adipose tissue, proximal intestine, and skeletal muscle. Histological analysis was performed to identify crown-like structure (CLS) in epididymal fat pads to determine macrophage infiltration. RESULTS: No differences were noted between the control and any berry-fed groups in plasma levels of liver enzymes, insulin, glucose, ferric reducing antioxidant power, superoxide dismutase, and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$. However, BK significantly lowered plasma triglyceride compared with the HF control and other berries, whereas BC significantly reduced F4/80 mRNA and the number of CLS in the epididymal fat pad, indicative of less macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides evidence that BB, BK and BC with varying anthocyanin composition differentially affect plasma lipids and adipose macrophage infiltration in DIO mice, but with no differences in their antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory potential.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.1125-1137
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• 2020

본 연구는 암컷 쥐의 난소절제 후 고지방식이로 비만이 유도된 비만 쥐에서 수영운동이 지방조직에서 염증반응을 억제하는지를 조사하였다. 실험군과 대조군은 모의수술군(Sham), 난소절제 수술군(OVX) 및 수영운동을 실시한 난소절제 수술군(OVX/Ex)으로 구분되어 8주 동안 고지방식이(45% fat) 사료를 섭취하면서 사육되었다. 생식기 주변 지방조직, 복막 신장주변 지방조직, 및 장간막 지방조직을 포함한 내장지방조직의 무게는 Sham에 비해 OVX에서 증가하였으나, OVX에 비해 OVX/Ex에서는 감소하였다. Sham에 비해 OVX는 지방조직에서의 IκBα의 유전자 발현이 감소하였고 염증성 사이토카인(IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α 및 leptin)의 유전자 발현은 증가하였다. OVX에 비해 OVX/Ex는 지방조직에서의 IκBα이 증가하였고 염증성 사이토카인의 유전자 발현은 감소하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 난소절제 후 고지방식이로 비만이 유도된 비만 쥐에서 수영 운동은 지방조직에서 염증반응을 억제함으로써 비만의 예방과 치료에 효과적이다는 것을 제시하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.544-549
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity-associated insulin resistance is a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of myricetin on adiposity, insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers in mice with diet-induced insulin resistance. MATERIALS/METHODS: Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a basal diet, a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet, or the HFHS diet containing 0.06% myricetin or 0.12% myricetin for 12 weeks after a 1-week adaptation, and body weight and food intake were monitored. After sacrifice, serum lipid profiles, glucose, insulin, adipocyte-derived hormones, and proinflammatory cytokines were measured. The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was determined. RESULTS: Myricetin given at 0.12% of the total diet significantly reduced body weight, weight gain, and epidydimal white adipose tissue weight, and improved hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia without a significant influence on food intake in mice fed the HFHS diet. Serum glucose and insulin levels, as well as HOMA-IR values, decreased significantly by 0.12% myricetin supplementation in mice fed the HFHS diet. Myricetin given at 0.12% of the total diet significantly reduced serum levels of leptin, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in mice fed the HFHS diet. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that myricetin may have a protective effect against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice fed HFHS diet, and that alleviation of insulin resistance could partly occur by improving obesity and reducing serum proinflammatory cytokine levels.

• Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2018

This study investigated the characteristics of obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HD) over 13 weeks in Rhbdf2 gene knockout (KO) mice. Forty 7-week-old Rhbdf2 wild and KO mice were used and the mice were divided into 4 groups: Wild-ND (n=10, Rhbdf2 wild mice, normal diet (ND)), Wild-HD (n=10, Rhbdf2 wild mice, HD), KO-ND (n=10, Rhbdf2 KO mice, ND) and KO-HD (n=10, Rhbdf2 KO mice, HD). The relative epididymal fat weight in KO-HD was significantly increased compared with that in KO-ND (P<0.01). The relative liver and spleen weights in KO-HD were decreased compared with those in Wild-HD (p < 0.05) and KO-ND (p < 0.01). The mRNA expression of SOD1 in KO-ND was significantly reduced compared with that in Wild-ND (p < 0.05). In Wild-ND and HD, the mRNA expressions of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 in epididymal fat were significantly increased compared with those in KO-ND and HD (p < 0.01). A significant increase of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 mRNA expression was observed in KO-HD compared with KO-ND (p < 0.01). These results indicated that Rhbdf2 genes may regulate high fat diet-induced obesity damage by anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative roles in fat tissue of mice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2018

본 연구에서 고지방식이로 비만을 유도한 생쥐는 식이 4주 후 지방조직의 형태학적 변화가 관찰되었고 생식기 지방조직의 무게가 증가하였으며, 혈장 중성지방 및 혈당치도 현저하게 증가하였다. 고지방식이 6주 후 몸무게의 유의한 증가가 관찰되기 시작하였으며, 뒤다리넙적근과 어깨사이 지방조직의 무게는 감소하고, 생식기 지방조직 및 간의 무게는 증가하였다. 지방조직의 형태학적 변화가 시작되는 고지방식이 유도 4주 후 혈장 내 40종의 시토카인 및 케모카인의 변화를 동시에 관찰하여 대조군과 비교해 본 결과, CXCL12 (SDF-1)와 CXCL13 (BLC)의 발현이 가장 현저하게 증가하였으며, G-CSF의 발현도 다소 증가하였다. 혈장 내 염증성 시토카인의 발현은 전반적으로 낮았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 고지방식이 유도 비만 초기에 만성 염증 상태로 진입하기 전 혈장 내 CXCL12와 CXCL13의 발현이 현저히 증가하는 것을 밝혔으며, CXCL12와 CXCL13의 증가로 B 세포, T 세포 및 단핵구가 혈관을 빠져나가 지방조직 및 지방조직 주변 림프조직으로 이동하여 지방조직 재형성과 국소 지방조직 면역에 관여할 것으로 보인다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.316-323
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• 2013

Adipose tissue-derived chronic inflammation contributes to development of insulin resistance in obesity, leading to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Baicalin, a flavonoid, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, anti-adipogenic, and antiobesity effects. However, whether baicalin attenuates adipose tissue-derived development of insulin resistance remains still unclear. This study was to investigate effect of baicalin on the inflammatory changes involved in the development of insulin resistance in adipose tissue. RAW 264.7 cells and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pretreated with various concentrations of baicalin in complete media for 1 h and then cultured in the presence or absence of LPS or TNF-${\alpha}$. Our results demonstrated that baicalin remarkably inhibited LPS-induced production of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and NO by RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Baicalin also inhibited TNF-${\alpha}$-induced production of IL-6 and $PGE_2$ in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, while upregulated TNF-${\alpha}$-suppressed expression of adiponectin and PPAR-${\gamma}$ mRNA and IRS-1 protein. These findings suggest that baicalin may prevent the adipose tissue-derived development of insulin resistance in obesity.