• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.456-463
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to identify the optimal and superior type of natural calcium for replacing phosphate in cooked ground pork products. To achieve this, 0.5% eggshell calcium (ESC), oyster shell calcium (OSC), marine algae calcium (MAC), or milk calcium (MC) was added to ground pork meat products. The effect of this substitution was studied by comparing the substituted products with products containing 0.3% phosphate blend (control). ESC was considered an ideal phosphate replacer for minimizing the cooking loss, which likely resulted from the increase in the pH of the product. Among the other natural calcium types, OSC treatment did not cause a significant increase in pH, but it lowered the cooking loss. CIE $L^*$ values were higher (p<0.05) in products treated with OSC or MC than the control, and lowest (p<0.05) in the products with ESC. However, products with ESC had higher (p<0.05) CIE $a^*$ and CIE $b^*$ values than the control and products treated with other powders. Compared to the control, products treated with ESC and OSC had similar substitution effects on the textural properties of the products. Therefore, the results of this study suggested that the combined use of ESC and OSC could be a potentially effective method for replacing synthetic phosphate in ground pork products.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

In this paper, low phase noise push-push oscillator (OSC) using the metamaterial resonator for missile defense systems and satellite communication was design and implemented. The metamaterial resonator has the large coupling coefficient value, which makes a high Q value, and has reduced phase noise of OSC. The OSC with 1.8 V power supply has phase noise of -117 dBc/Hz @100 kHz in the 12 GHz. When it has been compared with metamaterial resonator and coventional spiral resonator, the reduced Q value has been -29.7 dB and -47.6 dB respectively. This low phase noise OSC using metamaterial resonator could be available to a OSC in X-band.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.24-35
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• 2023

Recently, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport presented the '6th Construction Technology Promotion Basic Plan' and 'Smart Construction Revitalization Plan (2022.7.20)'. Off-Site Construction (OSC), which involves construction and production of PC (Precast Concrete) and Modular, etc., has advantages in shortening the construction period, reducing costs, improving quality, reducing construction waste, and reducing safety accidents. However, the construction cost is high compared to the traditional RC construction method, which has hindered its utilization and spread. In this study, OSC utilization was improved. An economic analysis indicator and methodology that can support decision-making in the planning and design stages for multi-unit housing were proposed. The factors used in the economic analysis of OSC (based on the PC method) of apartment houses were reviewed. As for the indicators used in the cost and benefit section, 'Construction Period', 'Disaster Occurrence', 'Waste Generation', and 'Greenhouse gas Emission', which reflect the technical advantages of OSC, were derived. In addition, a scenario analysis was conducted based on actual apartment housing case data for the presented economic analysis indicators and benefit calculation standards. The level of benefit that offsets the difference between the existing RC construction method and the construction cost was reviewed. In future studies, it will be necessary to conduct additional case studies to apply the measurement criteria for detailed indicators and supplement the benefit indicators.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.400-407
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• 2011

Modeling and analysis of high-dimensional spectral data provide an opportunity to uncover inherent patterns in various information-rich data. Orthogonal signal correction (OSC) a preprocessing technique has been widely used to remove unwanted variations of spectral data that do not contribute to prediction or classification. In the present study we propose a novel OSC algorithm called adjusted direct OSC to improve visualization and the ability of classification. Experimental results with real mass spectral data from condom lubricants demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.127-128
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• 2023

Recently, OSC (off-site construction) construction has been revitalized as a response to the decline in building quality and productivity due to lack of skilled manpower at construction sites, and PC (precast concrete) construction, a representative OSC construction, is insufficiently applied to public housing.This is the situation.In addition, in the case of general contents appearing in standard specifications, the construction standards for quality assurance remain in the 1990s and do not correspond to the current construction environment.In order to improve the quality of PC member joints, we compared and analyzed Korean and Japanese specifications to establish appropriate standards for PC construction quality control, focusing on the quality of grout used in joints.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.361-368
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of preprocessing the transmitted energy spectrum data on development of a robust model to predict the sugar content in intact apples. The spectrum data were measured from 120 Fuji apple samples conveying at the speed of 2 apples per second. Computer algorithms of preprocessing methods such as MSC, SNV, first derivative, OSC and their combinations were developed and applied to the raw spectrum data set. The results indicated that correlation coefficients between the transmitted energy values at each wavelength and sugar contents of apples were significantly improved by the preprocessing of MSC and SNV in particular as compared with those of no-preprocessing. SEPs of the prediction models showed great difference depending on the preprocessing method of the raw spectrum data, the largest of 1.265%brix and the smallest of 0.507% brix. Such a result means that an appropriate preprocessing method corresponding to the characteristics of the spectrum data set should be found or developed for minimizing the prediction errors. It was observed that MSC and SNV are closely related to prediction accuracy, OSC is to number of PLS factors and the first derivative resulted in decrease of the prediction accuracy. A robust calibration model could be d3eveloped by the combined preprocessing of MSC and OSC, which showed that SEP=0.507%brix, bias=0.0327 and R2=0.8823.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2021

The existing construction industry is classified into industries with low productivity compared to other industries. In order to solve the decline in productivity in the construction industry, the world is focusing on off-site construction (OSC), which is about 40% more productive than existing construction methods. This high productivity is possible because the three stages of production, transport to the site, and site assembly are consistently maintained in a continuous flow. This study conducted a functional survey through literature review, preliminary field survey, questionnaire, and expert interview. The surveyed function were classified into five categories: convenience, flexibility, manageability, communication, and safety, and the functional characteristics of flexibility, manageability, and communication were high. Because of the change according to the construction progress, the production schedule of the factory, and the variety of transportation time required. Finally, A functional block diagram was developed based on the 15 functions corresponding with an average score of 4 or more in the surveyed function score result. If the OSC transport system is established through this study, It can contribute to a successful construction OSC project and increase productivity.

• The Optical Journal
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• v.7 no.3 s.37
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• pp.33-37
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• 1995

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.507-534
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• 2015

The present work investigates the behavior of the embankment models resting on soft soil reinforced with ordinary and stone columns encased with geogrid. Model tests were performed with different spacing distances between stone columns and two lengths to diameter ratios (L/d) of the stone columns, in addition to different embankment heights. A total number of 42 model tests were carried out on a soil with undrianed shear strength $${\sim_\sim}10kPa$$. The models consist of stone columns embankment at s/d equal to 2.5, 3 and 4 with L/d ratio equal 5 and 8. Three embankment heights; 200 mm, 250 mm and 300 mm were tested for both tests of ordinary (OSC) and geogrid encased stone columns (ESC). Three earth pressure cells were used to measure directly the vertical effective stress on column at the top of the middle stone column under the center line of embankment and on the edge stone column for all models while the third cell was placed at the base of embankment between two columns to measure the vertical effective stress in soft soil directly. The performance of stone columns embankments relies upon the ability of the granular embankment material to arch over the 'gaps' between the stone columns spacing. The results showed that the ratio of the embankment height to the clear spacing between columns (h/s-d) is a key parameter. It is found that (h/s-d)<1.2 and 1.4 for OSC and ESC, respectively; (h is the embankment height, s is the spacing between columns and d is the diameter of stone columns), no effect of arching is pronounced, the settlement at the surface of the embankment is very large, and the stress acting on the subsoil is virtually unmodified from the nominal overburden stress. When $(h/s-d){\geq}2.2$ for OSC and ESC respectively, full arching will occur and minimum stress on subsoil between stone columns will act, so the range of critical embankment height will be 1.2 (h/sd) to 2.2 (h/s-d) for both OSC and ESC models.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2007

Oral squamous carcinoma (OSC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral mucosa. Although the etiology of OSC is not fully understood, accumulated evidences indicate that the activation of proto-oncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes underlie the disease development. An OSC cell line, YD-9 was newly established and characterized. However, the mutational analysis of p53 gene was not performed. Thus, in this study, the presence of mutation in the p53 gene was examined by amplification of exon-4 to -8 and subsequent DNA sequencing. Two point mutations were found in exon-4 and -6: A to G, resulting in amino acid change Tyr to Cys in exon-4, and C to G, resulting in amino acid change Gly to Arg in exon-6, respectively. Any mutation was not found in the exon-5, -7 and -8. The presented results would contribute to basic research to understand the biological mechanism of OSC using YD-9 cells.