• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.83-108
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• 1989

To discern general tendency in relatively pure even-aged pine stands, to group the stands and to perceive neighbourhood effects a total of 39 sites of pine stand was surveyed from nearby Seoul (12 sites), Chunsung, Kangwon (13 sites) and Sosan, Chungnam (14 sites), for herb and shrub species 32, 19; 37, 19 and 41, 14 in the respective areas from September 1987 to July 1988. In terms of detrended correspondence analysis (DECORANA), the stands were subjected to ordinate with 16 physical variables and the vegetational variables. The resource ratio (N:P, N:K, P:K) as physical variables also was tried out in the DECORANA as well as independent variable (N.P.K). The outcome did not show any meaningful difference. It is suggested that there seems to be no apparent interaction among the elements in the study. Three vertical vegetation componeent, that is, tree layer, shrub layer, herb layer were subjccted to DECORANA independently, pairwisely and as a whole (a total 7 combinations). Of those analysis herb layer trial alone seems to indicate relatively clearer differences among the physical variables. In the stands nearby Seoul first axis indicated soil field capacity and exchangeable cations (K, Ca and Na) and second axis did not show any tendency. For the Chunsung stands first axis also revealed soil field capcity and amount of arganic matter and second axis showed amount of exchangeable cation (K, Ca and Na), In the Seosan 1st axis indicated pH and exchangeable cations (K, Ca and Na). For the 39 sites 4 clusters in terms of herb layer might be defined: Peucedanum terebinthaceum-Cymbopogon tortilis-Polygala japonica-Festuca ovina (1); Atractylodes japonica-Patrina scabiosaefolia (2); Potentilla fragarioides-Atractylodes (3); and Cymbopogon tortilis (4). In the neighbourhood effects study in terms of the basal area distribution, Thiessen polygon area and Gini coefficient for the Pinus thunbergii stands of Seosan the Thiessen polygon area approach seems to indicate earlier (30 years old) neighbourhood effect than the others (45 years).

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 1999

This study is intended to propose the new design course on Contemporary folk Hanbok by researching their preference to Contemporary folk Hanbok. To do so, the definition of styles, preference in details and fitness for the occasion to wear Contemporary folk Hanbok were evaluated and analyzed. The collected materials were investigated in quality and content. As for the data, five Contemporary folk Hanbok brands, in the city were selected and twenty styles from catalog were extracted. The subjected of study were 219 university students living in Seoul and Kwang-ju, Mok-po. they answered the questionnaires, the results of study were following: 1) In style of Contemporary folk Hanbok, there were positive support on longer Jeogori than traditional one and a seamless one-piece skirt at the length of ankle. But they had the negative thought of various spapes shapes related to the styles of Contemporary folk Hanbok. 2) In a view point of coloring on women's Contemporary folk Hanbok, the student supported the saturation more than special preference to similarity or contrast harmony. Students liked the harmony of achromatic colors or same colors up and down which are not traditional 3) In men's Contemporary folk Hanbok, students were for the harmony of same colors in up and down, preferring wool/polyester to cotton or silk100% (traditional materials) in materials 4) It indicates that what students thought generally of the occasional appropriateness of Contemporary folk Hanbok didn't match with the choice of proper occasion on preferred style. The western clothes have difference in design, material, color and manners of co-ordination related to ordinary cloths and out wear, but Contemporary folk Hanbok don't have these difference. Therefore, it is needed to develop the expensive designs discriminated between ordinary clothes and out wear in design, material, color and co-ordination corresponding to the every day life style.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.93-106
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• 1995

주왕산국립공원 이전동 절터지역을 중심으로 삼림군집구조 분석을 실시하기 위해 24개소에 조사구(각 l0$\times$10m)를 설치하고 식생조사를 실시하여 TWINSPAN과 ordination기법의 일종인 DCA를 적용하여 분석하였다. 전체 24개 조사구는 DCA에 의해 졸참나무-굴참나무군집 졸참나무-소나무군집, 신갈나무-생강나무군집, 까치 박달-당단풍군집, 그리고 고로쇠나무군집의 5개 군집으로 분리되었다. 삼림군집구조분석결과 추정되는 천이계열은 교목충에서 소나무$\longrightarrow$졸참나무, 굴참나무, 신갈나무$\longrightarrow$까치박달, 서어나무, 고로쇠나무로, 아교목층에서는 진달래, 철쭉$\longrightarrow$당단풍, 생강나무 순으로 예측되었다. 그러나 일부지역에서는 신갈나무가 토지극상으로 발전될 가능성을 보였다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2009

변산반도국립공원의 내소사-내변산지구의 식생구조를 파악하기 위하여 30개 조사구를 설치하여 조사를 실시하였다. Classification 기법중 하나인 TWINSPAN을 이용하여 군락분리를 시도하고, ordination기법중 DCA분석을 실시하여 보완한 결과, 군락의 종조성이 불연속적으로 나타났다. 최종 군락 분리결과 군락 I 은 소나무군락, 군락 II는 소나무-졸참나무군락, 군락 III은 느티나무-까마귀베개군락, 그리고 군락 IV는 푸조나무-까마귀베개군락이었다. 이상의 분석결과 변산반도국립공원 남사면지역은 해안쪽은 소나무식생이 계속 유지될 것이나 내륙으로 갈수록 점차 졸참나무 등으로 천이가 진행될 것으로 판단된다. 본 조사지역의 산림식생의 임령은 연륜분석결과 40년을 상회하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.543-562
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• 1996

Zooplankton community structure and the factors correlated with community differences were examined in sandusky Bay (SB) and the open water of Lake Erie (LE, U.S.A.). SB zooplankton communities differed from those in LE by having a greater rotifer density and species richness. Keratella spp., Brachionus spp., and Pompholyx complanata dominated SB rotifers; Brachionus and Pompholyx were rarely seen in LE. Of 19 rotifer species observed, nine species were found only at SB sites. Ordination of zooplankton species abundance by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) showed an overlap between SB and LE sites, but indicated a portion of the space that was occupied by only SB communities. The seasonal trajectories of zooplankton dynamics in the ordination space at SB sites differed from that of LE. The zooplankton most important in forcing site separation along a DCA Axis I at SB sites were Brachionus angularis, Pompholyx complanata, Keratella valga, Keratella quadrata, Filinia terminalis (rotifers), and Eubosmina coregoni and Daphnia (cladocerans). These species had axis scores which were significantly correlated (p<0.01) with bacterial density and bacterial phosphorus, total phosphorus, and algal density. Very high baterial density and very abundant bacterivorous rotifers in SB suggest that the transport of bacterial carbon through rotifers may be a relatively important link to higher trophic leaels. We believe that this "microbial carbon flow" from the base of the food web may be important in determining the suitability of SB as a spawning site and nursery for larval and juvenile fish.nile fish.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2001

Vegetational changes along elevational and topographical gradients were studied in Mt. Jumbong which is located at the core area of the Mt. Sorak Biosphere Reserve in Kangwon-do Province in central Korea. Two 500 m north-south transects crossing two valleys and a small ridge were laid out, and fifty-one 10 m$\times$10 m permanent quadrats were systematically set up. All trees bigger than 2.5 cm DBH were marked with numbered aluminum tags, and their DBH measured and the species identified. Coverage of plant species in the herb layer were determined in two 2 m $\times$ 2 m subquadrats in each of the permanent quadrats. Thirty-two species of woody plants occurred in the tree layer in the permanent quadrats studied. Quercus mongolica was the dominant species across the study site, and Acer pseudosieboldianum and Carpinus cordata were also important. Quercus mongolica occurred on the ridges and south-facing slopes, and Acer pseudosieboldianum occurred extensively except for valleys. In contrast, Fraxinus mandshurica, Acer mono, Acer triflorum, and Ulmus laciniata were common in valleys. At the herbaceous layer, 112 species were identified. Dominant species were Ainsliaea acerifolia and Sasa borealis on the ridges, Meehania urticifolia on north-facing slopes, and Deutzia glabrata on valleys. Soil environmental factors were compared among the quadrats. pH was lower in the quadrats located on ridges and south-facing slopes, and organic matter was lowest on south-facing slopes. Quadrats located on valleys were generally higher in pH, organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg. DCA ordinations for tree layer and herb layer were carried out in order to identify the dominant environmental factors affecting the distribution of plant species along the environmental gradients. Correlation analysis between ordination axis scores and environmental factors showed that axis one was negatively correlated with elevation and positively correlated with soil organic matter, pH, Ca, Mg, and P, but that axis two was positively correlated with elevation. These results indicate that vegetation responds very sensitively to elevational and topographical gradients although the study area is relatively small with about 100 m in elevational variation.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.212-223
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• 1998

여천공단 주변 산림지역의 식물군집구조를 밝히고 13년간 변화를 파악하기 위하여 300$m^2$ 조사구를 27개소 설정하였다. DCA ordination분석 결과 곰솔군집, 곰솔-참나무류군집, 곰솔-사스레피나무군집, 소나무-곰솔군집, 소나무군집으로 나누어졌다. 5개 군집의 천이경향을 살펴보면 곰솔-참나무류군집, 소나무-곰솔군집은 졸참나무, 상수리나무를 중심으로한 참나무류군집으로 변화될 것이며, 곰솔군집, 곰솔-사스레피나무군집, 소나무군집은 현상태를 유지할 것으로 판단되었다. 5개 군집의 토양산도는 pH 4.38~4.61로 산성토양이었으며, 유기물함량, 치환성양이온(C $a^{++}$, $Mg^{++}$, $K^{+}$)함량은 전국토양의 평균치보다 낮은 상태로 불량하였다. 13년간의 식물군집구조와 토양특성변화를 살펴보면 종수, Shannon의 종다양도, 최대종다양도에 있어 1983년보다 1996년이 높아졌으며, 토양특성도 동일한 경향이었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.32-41
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• 1991

지리산 노고단-임걸령재에 이르는 아고산대 (해발 1,360~1,410m)삼림의 식물군집 구조분석을 위하여 25개소에 조사구(1개 조사구당 20 $\times$25m 방형구 1개씩 설치)를 설정하고 식생조사를 실시하여 얻은 자료에 대하여 TWINSPAN에 의한 classification 및 ordination의 찬 종류인 DCA기법을 적용하여 분석하였다. TWINSPAN에 의하여 5개의 군집으로 분리되어 물푸레나무-함박꽃나무군집, 신갈나무-철쭉군집, 신갈나무-물푸레나무-당단풍군집, 신갈나무-분비나무-철쭉군집, 분비나무-소나무-진달래군집으로 나뉘었다. 교목상층군에서의 천이계 열은 신갈나무 - 분비나무로 추정되었고, 종파양성에 의하면 분비나무가 우점중인 군집은 성숙단계인 안정상태이었다. 환경인자인 토양함수량과 토양산도는 조사구간에 차이가 없었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2014

본 연구는 제주도 한라산국립공원 굴거리나무 식생구조를 파악하는 것이 목적이다. 그러기 위해 영실 성판악지역을 중심으로 26개의 조사구($(20m{\times}20m)$)를 설정하고 조사하였다. 위 지역의 식생군집은 TWINSPAN을 이용한 Classification 분석과 DCA Ordination 분석을 활용하였다. 분석결과는 총 3개 군집으로 나타났다. 군집 I은 소나무-서어나무 군집, 군집 II는 서어나무-졸참나무 군집, 군집 III은 개서어나무 군집이었다. 이러한 식생구조 분석 결과, 모든 군집의 하층에서는 굴거리나무가 출현하였다. 추후 굴거리나무는 아교목층 및 관목층에서 주요종이 될 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 이러한 군집분류결과는 해발고 차이와 동반출현종에 의한 영향 때문인 것으로 판단되었다. 동반출현종은 굴거리나무 생육환경과 유사한 환경에서 자라는 종이다. 동반출현종으로는 아교목층에서 때죽나무, 졸참나무 등이었고, 관목층에서는 꽝꽝나무, 주목 등이었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권3호
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• pp.296-304
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• 2008

우리나라 노각나무 자생지 가운데 8개 지역을 대상으로 식물사회학적 방법으로 군락을 분류하고, 방형구법을 사용하여 구배분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 노각나무군락은 고로쇠나무하위군락, 소나무하위군락, 사람주나무하위군락, 노각나무전형하위군락으로 구분되었다. 노각나무는 주로 계곡 주변에 국지적으로 분포하였으며, 토양특성은 유기물, 전질소, 유효인산, 치환성 K, 치환성 Ca, 치환성 Mg, 양이온치환용량(CEC)의 함량이 14.31~34.27%, 0.33~0.77%, 7.83~22.88(mg/kg), 0.23~1.07(me/100g), 0.29~2.93(me/100g), 0.33~1.49(me/100g), 10.47~22.48(me/100g)이며, pH는 4.65~4.96으로 약산성토양인 것으로 분석되었다. 고로쇠나무하위군락은 해발고가 가장 높고, 전질소, 치환성 Ca, Mg의 함량이 높은 입지에 분포하였으며, 소나무하위군락은 해발고가 가장 낮고, 전질소, 치환성 Ca, Mg의 함량이 가장 낮은 입지에 분포하는 것으로 나타났다.