• Carbon letters
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• v.22
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• pp.48-59
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• 2017

This study synthesized pure anatase carbon doped $TiO_2$ photocatalysts supported on a stainless steel mesh using a sol-gel solution of 8% polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/dimethylformamide (DMF)/$TiCl_4$. The influence of the pyrolysis temperature and holding time on the morphological characteristics, particle sizes and surface area of the prepared catalyst was investigated. The prepared catalysts were characterized by several analytical methods: high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XRD patterns showed that the supported $TiO_2$ nanocrystals are typically anatase, polycrystalline and body-centered tetragonal in structure. The EDS and XPS results complemented one another and confirmed the presence of carbon species in or on the $TiO_2$ layer, and the XPS data suggested the substitution of titanium in $TiO_2$ by carbon. Instead of using calcination, PAN pyrolysis was used to control the carbon content, and the mesoporosity was tailored by the applied temperature. The supported $TiO_2$ nanocrystals prepared by pyrolysis at 300, 350, and $400^{\circ}C$ for 3 h on a stainless steel mesh were actual supported carbon doped $TiO_2$ nanocrystals. Thus, $PAN/DMF/TiCl_4$ offers a facile, robust sol-gel related route for preparing supported carbon doped $TiO_2$ nanocomposites.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.5
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• pp.540-546
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• 2008

Enrichment planting has been used as one of the promising restoration techniques to accelerate the natural restoration process of secondary forests or logged-over forests in Myanmar, The objectives of this study were to examine the growth performances of two commercial species such as Teak (Tectona grandis Linn f.) and Padauk (Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz) in response to different canopy opening treatments and to examine the suitability of these species in enrichment planting activities for the restoration of degraded tropical forests in Myanmar. In this study, split plot design was applied, and three levels of canopy openings were experimented. The survival rate and height growth of two species were measured four times with 6 month interval. The root collar diameter (RCD) was also measured in the last assessment. Although the survival rate of seedlings was not significantly different among the three treatments (p>0.05) as well as between two species (p>0.05) for all consecutive measurements, height (p<0.05) and RCD were significantly different (p<0.001) among the treatments, T. grandis seedlings thrived best under complete canopy opening (i.e., 5 m width canopy opening with strip-clear cutting) while P. macrocarpus seedlings under partial canopy opening (without felling of marketable tree species). Because this study is concerned with only for young stage of seedlings, continuous assessment and follow-up tending activities are needed to verify the species suitability and optimum width of canopy opening for enrichment planting activities in restoration of degraded forests of Myanmar.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 1995

Cyclosporin A is a powerful immunosuppressive agent commonly used for patients receiving organ transplants. Like phenytoin and the calcium channel blockers, the drug is associated with gingival overgrowth. The purpose of this study was to compare the correlation with gingival overgrowth score and clinical indices(i.e, : plaque index, papillary bleeding index, probing depth) and correlation with gingival overgrowth score and microorganism distribution in use of phase contrast microscope. After renal tranplant, taking cyclosporin A 40 patients participating in this investigation. Post - transplatation cyclosporin medication period was average $17.53{\pm}15.75$ months. In previous study reported that gingival overgrowth is an adverse side - effects seen in about 25-81% of patient taking cyclosporin A. The results were as follows : 1. Gingival overgrowth prevalence in taking cyclosporin A patients was 77.5%. Prevalence rate of region was anterior region(26 teeth, 55.3%), molar region(14 teeth, 29.8%), premolar region(7 teeth, 14.8%) in turns. Gingival overgrowth score by Angelopoulos & Goaz method was molar region($1.56{\pm}0.81$), anterior region($1.52{\pm}0.75$), premolar region($1.14{\pm}0.90$) in turns. 2. Medication period was not correlation with gingival overgrowth score. 3. Clinical indices and gingival overgrowth score were as follows. 1) Plaque index and gingival overgrowth score was significantly correlated(p

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.101-110
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• 2007

Purpose: Oligomenorrhea is clinically important because it can be progressed to amenorrhea. The purpose of this study is to analyse Autonomic Nerve Function of some oligomenorrheic patients by using HRV(Heart Rate Variability). Methods: We studied 35 patients visiting OO Oriental Hospital from 1st November 2006 to 31th May 2007. One woman who takes antidepressant is excluded. 17 oligomenorrheic group and 17 normal menstrual cycle group were compared with HRV. The SPSS 12.0 for windows was used to analyze the data and Mann Whitney U-test were used to verify the results. Results: Mean PR, LF norm, LF/HF ratio of oligimenorrheic group are higher than normal menstrual cycle group. But there is no statistically significance. SDNN, RMS-SD, ln TP, ln VLF, ln LF, ln HF, HF norm of oligimenorrheic group are lower than normal menstrual cycle group. But there is no statistically significance. Conclusion: It can be suggested that oligomenorrhea can be related to increased activities of sympathetic nerve and decreased activities of general autonomic nerve function. But, we need study with more subjects for settling this.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2009

Purpose : Among many symptoms that the climacteric patients complain of, the major symptom is heat and cold sensation of body in various pattern. So, we are intended to study patterns of climacteric patients by using D.I.T.I. Methods : We studied 55 patients visiting OO Oriental Hospital from 1st January 2008 to 31th December 2008. The patients were distributed one of patterns by inspecting D.I.T.I. And we investigated the temperature of the region of body in 5 groups. Results : There are five groups in D.I.T.I. Those are heat sensation of face pattern, heat sensation of chest pattern, cold sensation of hand & foot pattern, heat sensation of hand pattern and cold sensation of lower abdomen pattern. 22 subjects are in heat sensation of face group. 12 subjects are in heat sensation of chest group. 12 subjects are in heat sensation of hand group. 6 subjects are in cold sensation of lower abdomen group. 3 subjects are in cold sensation of hand & foot group. Conclusion : 5 patterns of D.I.T.I is showed in climacteric patients. To help oriental medical diagnosis, further studies are needed.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study is investigate the characters of DITI, HRV and Body composition analysis in Amenorrhea. Methods : We studied 47 patients visiting OO hospital from 1st October 2007 to 19st September 2009. The subjects were categorized in two groups, amenorrhea group(26) and normal group(21). We studied the difference of DITI, HRV and Body composition analysis between two groups by Mann-whitney test using SPSS for windows(version 12.0). Results : there is not statistically significant difference of DITI, HRV and BMI between amenorrhea group and normal group. But there is statistically significant difference of percent body fat and waist-hip ratio between amenorrhea group and normal group. Conclusion : Percent body fat and Waist-Hip ratio of amenorrhea groups is lower than normal groups. Percent body fat and Waist-Hip ratio can be diagnosis index.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 2008

The characterization of tree species and forest stand conditions is useful in the planning of activities aimed to conserve biodiversity. The main objective of this study was to describe tree species diversity, species composition and stand structure of tropical deciduous forests distributed in three regions in Myanmar. Forest inventory was conducted in the Oktwin teak bearing forest, the Letpanpin community forest and Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park. According to the Jackknife estimator of species richness, 85 species (${\pm}18.16$), 70 species (${\pm}5.88$) and 186 species (${\pm}17.10$) belonging to 31 families were found in the Oktwin teak bearing forest, 33 families in Letpanpin community forest and 53 families in Alaungdaw Kathapa national park, respectively. Shannon's diversity indices were significantly different among the forests (p<0.05). It ranged from 3.36 to 4.36. Mean tree density (n/ha) of the Oktwin teak bearing forest, Letpanpin community forest and Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park were 488 (${\pm}18.6$), 535 (${\pm}15.6$) and 412 (${\pm}14.1$), while basal areas per hectare were $46.96m^2({\pm}3.23),\;49.01m^2({\pm}5.08)\;and\;60.03m^2({\pm}3.88)$, respectively. At the family level, Verbenaceae, Myrtaceae and Combretaceae occupied the highest importance value index, while at the species level it was Tectona grandis, Lagerstoremia speciosa and Xylia xylocarpa.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.155-162
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• 2000

Is golden proportion, which has been classical beauty among aesthetic rules and orders, avaiable in the present \ulcorner or Does ${\surd}$rectangle proportion replace the classical proportion \ulcorner It is a main theme in this thesis to answer the above questions. This study is basically about favorite proportion in the field of fine art, architecture and design. For this study, 2oo students participate in the answering to the questionnaire. The conclusions which result from the above surveys are as follows ; The results of the first survey is the preference of ${\surd}$2 rectangle to other ${\surd}$rectangles. The second result is the preference of golden proportion as 1 : 1.618 to ${\surd}$2 rectangle as 1 : 1.414. This survey proves that ${\surd}$rectangle proportion as modern proportion does not substitute the golden proportion with the classic proportion.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.61-76
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper was to design and implement effective learning model for internet ethics education, following the learning principle and procedure of PBL(Problem-Based Learning) which is one of the constructivism teaching-learning theories(, and to apply it). In this learning model, online learning and face-to-face classes were systematically combined for achieving the teaching-learning goals and the main module for online learning run on Moodle, an open source LMS(Learning Management System). It is possible for learner to participate actively in creation of micro-contents and reorganize contents using various SNS(Social Network Service). The learner can achieve the learner-oriented learning and select micro-contents in order to reorganize the personalized learning contents to take advantage of SNS among learners. To examine educational effectiveness of the proposed learning model, an experimental study was conducted through the education content and method to the subjects of two classes in the second-grade of university located in OO city. 60 students(treatment group=30, control group=30) participated in the experiment. The result statistically verified that the proposed learning method is more effective in cultivating consciousness of internet ethics than the face-to-face PBL learning method. The results of this paper also showed that a lecture using blended learning is efficient in achieving learning performance and that learners responded positively(, which are indicating that the higher effectiveness of learning would be expected) by forming connectedness among learners using SNS. The results of this paper showed that a lecture using blended learning is effectiveness in achieving learning performance and that learners responded positively, which are indicating that the higher effectiveness of learning would be expected by forming connectedness among learners using SNS.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2010

GLI model was verified to consider the interaction between a ground and a tunnel lining and to rationally reduce the ground load acting on the secondary lining(concrete lining) of a tunnel. In this study, the economy and the construction condition of tunnel concrete linings designed by a conventional frame model at Lot O of OO line were highly enhanced through a field design change using GLI model. For a few safe considerations, not only about 50% saving of reinforcing steel could reduce the material cost but also the wide space between bars could make it easy to pour concrete mix without voids. There was large saving effect of reinforcing steel for poor ground conditions because Terzaghi's load used in the conventional frame model produces too much high loads for those conditions.