• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.361-373
• /
• 2013

The monitoring of urban area, target detection and building reconstruction have been actively studied and investigated since high resolution X-band SAR images could be acquired by airborne and/or satellite SAR systems. This paper describes an efficient approach to reconstruct artificial structures (e.g. apartment, building and house) in urban area using high resolution X-band SAR images. Building footprint was first extracted from 1:25,000 digital topographic map and then a corner line of building was detected by an automatic detecting algorithm. With SAR amplitude images, an initial building height was calculated by the length of layover estimated using KS-test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) from the corner line. The interferometric SAR phases were simulated depending on SAR geometry and changable building heights ranging from -10 m to +10 m of the initial building height. With an interferogram from real SAR data set, the simulation results were compared using the method of the phase consistency. One of results can be finally defined as the reconstructed building height. The developed algorithm was applied to repeat-pass TerraSAR-X spotlight mode data set over an apartment complex in Daejeon city, Korea. The final building heights were validated against reference heights extracted from LiDAR DSM, with an RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of about 1~2m.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• no.5
• /
• pp.49-62
• /
• 1999

Education systems throughout the world encourage their students to learn languages other than their native one. In Australia, our Education Boards provide students with the opportunity to learn European and Asian languages. French, German, Chinese and Japanese are the most popular languages studied in elementary and high schools. This choice is a reflection of Australias European heritage and its geographical position near Asia. In most non-English speaking countries, English is the foreign language most readily available to students. In Korea, the English language is actively promoted by the Education Department and, in less official ways, by companies and the public. It is impossible to be anywhere in Korea without seeing the English language alongside or intermingled with Korean. When I ask students why they are learning English, I receive answers that include the word globalization and the importance of English throughout the world. When I press further and ask why they personally are learning English, the students mention passing exams, usually high school tests or TOEIC, and the necessity of passing the latter to obtain a good job. Seldom do I ever hear anything about communication: about the desire to talk with other people in English, to read novels or poetry in English, to understand movies or pop-songs in English, to chat on the Internet in English, to search for information on the Internet in English, or to email pen-pals in English. Yet isnt communication the only valid reason for learning a language? We learn our native language to communicate with those around us. Shouldnt we set the same goal for learning a foreign language? In my opinion communication, whether it is reading and writing or speaking and listening, must be central to language learning. Learning a language to pass examinations is meaningless unless those examinations are a reliable indicator of the ability of the student to communicate. In previous eras, most communication in a foreign language was through reading novels or formal letters. This required a thorough knowledge of grammar and a large vocabulary. Todays communication is much less formal. Telephone conversations, tele-conferences, faxes and emails allow people to communicate regularly and informally. Reading materials are also less formal as popular novels and newspapers are available world-wide. Movies and popular songs have added to the range of informal communication available. Finally travel has ensured that people from different cultures will meet easily and regularly. This informal communication requires less emphasis on grammar and vocabulary and more emphasis on comprehension and confidence to speak. Placing communication central to language learning has important implications for the Education system and for teachers.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.16-24
• /
• 2002

Classification of the land cover characteristics is a major application of remote sensing. The goal of this study is to propose an optimal classification process for electro-optical camera(EOC) of Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite(KOMPSAT). The study was carried out on Landsat TM, high spectral resolution image and KOMPSAT EOC, high spatial resolution image of Miho river basin, Korea. The study was conducted in two stages: one was image fusion of TM and EOC to gain high spectral and spatial resolution image, the other was land cover classification on fused image. Four fusion techniques were applied and compared for its topographic interpretation such as IHS, HPF, CN and wavelet transform. The fused images were classified by radial basis function neural network(RBF-NN) and artificial neural network(ANN) classification model. The proposed RBF-NN was validated for the study area and the optimal model structure and parameter were respectively identified for different input band combinations. The results of the study propose an optimal classification process of KOMPSAT EOC to improve the thematic mapping and extraction of environmental information.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.19 no.2 s.72
• /
• pp.139-150
• /
• 2006

ILM(incremental launching method) bridge is one of the prestressed concrete bridge construction methods widely adopted owing to its effectiveness for the quality control. The sections of the launched superstructure pass every position of the bridge spans. This launching process causes the bridge sections to be experienced in the quite different stress states with the stress state occurred after construction completely. Due to the self weight of sections, particularly, the superstructure sections(deck) experience maximum positive and negative moment as well as maximum shear force during launching process. To minimize the temporarily caused sectional forces, launching nose is generally used in the construction method. Therefore, the magnitude of this sectional forces should be checked for the safety of super structure in construction and it is dependent on the structural characteristics of launching nose. In this study, the simplified formulas to analyze the sectional force occurred by the nose-deck interaction in ILM construction are developed. The considering parameters are the span length ratio, stiffness ratio and weight ratio between the launching nose and the super structure. In particular, the developed formulas can consider the tapered sectional shape of launching nose and the diaphragm wall in the superstructure. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis is performed to analyze the effects of nose-deck interaction according to the design parameters.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.4-4
• /
• 2008

The progress in flat panel displays over the last two decades has been astonishing. In just 20 years, the LCD-TV grew up from a 2-inch curiosity, to an industry that will sell about 120 million flat panel TV's this year, with viewing area up to 4000 times larger. That success is based on continuous innovation, especially in manufacturing processes. For the next decade to bring another doubling of the business, progress will need to continue in four major areas: Human factors, ecological impact, visual quality, and of course continued drive towards affordability. This talk will detail the technology advances that can allow this industry to meet those challenges. Human factors. Today, we adapt our lifestyle to our technology. People organize their offices, and their homes, around displays. We pass around mobile phones to share images, rather than experiencing them as a group. Billions of newspapers continue to be sold daily. Advances in flexible displays can lead to large portable displays. "New era projection" includes the handheld Pico Projectors that are already on the market, and will ultimately appear integrated in mobile phones the same way cameras do today. "Eco" impact. Today TV's are one of the top energy consumers in a U.S. home, and the fastest growing. Watching a large flat panel TV can cost twice as much as running a large refrigerator. With today's concern about energy consumption, regulations are starting to emerge worldwide to limit TV electrical use. Fortunately, good solutions exist in using light management films to eliminate bulbs, saving power without increasing cost. Going forward, LED backlights will drive another step downward. OLED displays might be the ultimate solution. Visual quality. The color of an LCD-TV is still often considered inferior to a far less expensive CRT. And almost all displays suffer from representing a three-dimensional world on a two dimensional surface. The technology to improve color is available today, and will likely move from premium sets into the mainstream as costs come down. 3D is now arriving in movie theaters worldwide, and that will drive up the demand for similar realistic images in home theaters. And the technology is emerging today for 3D representation to move beyond specialized applications into everyday use, on screens large and small. Affordability. The world takes cost-down miracles for granted in consumer electronics. Each of these other advances will be balanced with a drive for affordability, especially as the market grows in emerging countries. The other three challenges must be met without increasing cost. Putting this all together, the next few years will emphasize "eco friendly" designs, and enhanced images such as 3D. By 2013 we will start to see serious penetration by emissive technologies (OLED, high efficiency plasma, or other), with the "ultimate display" likely not in the market for a decade. Lots of opportunities for innovation remain ahead of us.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2014

Accurate information on players, namely player analytics is one of the key factors in a game development environment where a scientific approach to user-oriented game analysis is in the spotlight. This study is intended to examine effects of relations between choke point types and cover pattern properties on level difficulties in FPS games. As for FPS games, interaction between players' behaviors and game levels is higher compared to other genres and choke point types as well as cover pattern properties are key factors of level design. Choke point is the main crossroad that must to pass for achieving the goal and Cover Pattern is the type of object on the level except buildings. Two elements directly or indirectly affect the level of difficulty. This study analyzed 10 types of representative FPS gameplays to classify choke point types and assigned 4 types of cover pattern properties to organize 16 target levels for the experiment. In addition, this study collected and analyzed players' 800 behavior data (video clips) from 5 repetitive plays performed by 10 players. In conclusion, analytical results obtained from the empirical study will contribute to realizing systematic game level development by providing specific information for a game level design phase. The findings are also meaningful in that they suggest efficient and effective methods of utilizing the existing academic study results for industrial applications.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• spring
• /
• pp.74-77
• /
• 1999

본 논문에서는 본 연구실에서 개발한 주소 음성인식 시스템의 인식 속도를 개선시키기 위하예 새로운 가변 프루닝 문턱치를 적용하는 방법을 제안하고 실험을 통하여 그 유효성을 확인하였다. 기존의 가변 프루닝 문턱치는 일정 프레임이 경과하면 일정 값을 가진 문턱치를 계속하여 감소시켜나가는 방법을 반복하기 때문에, 불필요한 탐색공간을 탐색하게 된다. 본 논문에서 새로이 제안하는 가변 프루닝 문턱치를 채용하는 방법은 처음 일정 구간이 경과되면 일정 문턱치를 감소시키나, 다음 일정 프레임에서는 탐색되어야할 후보에 따라서 문턱치를 변화시켜 프루닝시키기 때문에 탐색공간을 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있다. 제안된 방법의 유효성을 확인하기 위하여, 본 연구실에서 개발한 한국어 주소 입력 시스템에 적용하였다. 이 시스템은 48개의 연속 HMM 유사음소단위(Phoneme Like Units; PLUs)를 인식의 기본단위로 하고, .사용환경 변화에 의한 인식성능의 저하를 최소화하기 위해 최대사후 확률추정법(Maximum A Posteriori Probability Estimation; MAP)을 사용하며, 인식알고리즘으로는OPDP(One Pass Dynamic Programming)법을 이용하고 있다. 남성화자 3인에 의한 75개의 연결주소명을 이용하여 인식 실험을 수행한 결과 고정 프루닝 문턱치를 적용한 경우 인식률은 평균 $96.0\%$, 인식 시간은 5.26초였고, 기존의 가변 프루닝 문턱치의 경우 인식률은 평균 $96.0\%$, 인식 시간은 5.1초인 데 비하여, 새로운 가변 프루닝 문턱치를 적용찬 경우에는 인식률 저하없이 인식 시간이 4.34초로, 기존에 비해 각각 0.92초, 0.76초 인식 시간이 감소되어 제안한 방법의 유효성을 확인할 수 있었다.는 달리 각 산란 영역에서 그 지수는 1씩 작은 값을 갖는다.향에 따라 음장변화가 크게 다를 것이 예상되므로 이를 규명하기 위해서는 궁극적으로 3차원적인 음장분포 연구가 필요하다. 음향센서를 해저면에 매설할 경우 수충의 수온변화와 센서 주변의 수온변화 사이에는 어느 정도의 시간지연이 존재하게 되므로 이에 대한 영향을 규명하는 것도 센서의 성능예측을 위해서 필요하리라 사료된다.가지는 심부 가스의 개발 성공률을 증가시키기 위하여 심부 가스가 존재하는 지역의 지질학적 부존 환경 및 조성상의 특성과 생산시 소요되는 생산비용을 심도에 따라 분석하고 생산에 수반되는 기술적 문제점들을 정리하였으며 마지막으로 향후 요구되는 연구 분야들을 제시하였다. 또한 참고로 현재 심부 가스의 경우 미국이 연구 개발 측면에서 가장 활발한 활동을 전개하고 있으며 그 결과 다수의 신뢰성 있는 자료들을 확보하고 있으므로 본 논문은 USGS와 Gas Research Institute(GRI)에서 제시한 자료에 근거하였다.ऀĀ耀Ā삱?⨀؀Ā Ā?⨀ጀĀ耀Ā?돀ꢘ?⨀硩?⨀ႎ?⨀?⨀넆돐쁖잖⨀쁖잖⨀／ࠐ?⨀焆덐瀆倆Āⶇ퍟ⶇ퍟ĀĀĀĀ磀鲕좗?⨀肤?⨀⁅Ⴅ?⨀쀃잖⨀䣙熸ጁ↏?⨀

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2006

Delayed luminescence from human hands after illumination by light at different wavelength bands was studied. A delayed luminescence measurement system equipped with photomultiplier tube (PMT), fiber optics and automatic mechanical shutter system was developed. Three spectrum band-pass filters, fer which transmissions are on 350${\~}$450 nm, 450${\~}$550 nm and 550${\~}$650 nm, were used to select irradiation wavelength, and 150W metal-halide lamp was used as an illumination source. Six volunteers put their palms (dorsa) onto the measurement system, and after light illumination, delayed luminescence were measured for 10 minutes. The results show that delayed luminescence after shorter wavelength illumination was higher than that a(ter longer wavelength one. These results indicate the existence of accepters in human skin which can be excited at short wavelengths. Furthermore, each subjects showed different delayed luminescence curve patterns. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to have important roles on delayed luminescence, and this research suggests that ROS concentration can be measured noninvasively with optical methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.50-60
• /
• 2015

Pedestrians not only walk along roads, but also pass through buildings or across open spaces. This study defines these unusual walk routes as social path. Social path is an informal pedestrian route that is not considered in a pedestrian network, even though it should be regarded as pedestrian route considering the fact that many people actually use this path. In response, current study related to travel behavior cannot evaluate properly due to lack of consideration for realistic travel behavior such as social path. In order to deal with this situation, this study analyzes the effect of social path at two complex centers in Seoul. Evaluation indices are service area analysis and urban network analysis which is one of the spatial network analysis. In particular, we subdivide the network into three steps by the level of network building and analyze each step. As a result, it is revealed that step three which includes social path shows the greatest improvement in pedestrian accessibility. In this regard, we confirm that social path should be considered when evaluating pedestrian accessibility in further studies. Furthermore, a lot of undervalued facilities will be re-appraised in the field of travel behavior.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.873-880
• /
• 1994

Progesterone catabolizing enzyme, the enzyme $20{\alpha}$-hydroxysteroid deltydrgenase($20{\alpha}$-HSD) is pivotal in the regulation of ovarian function in rodents, which catabolizes progesterone into biologically inactive $20{\alpha}$ hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one($20{\alpha}$-OHP). In this study was carried out the influence of $20{\alpha}$-HSD activity to ovarian function and regulation such as ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, maintenance of estrous cycles and pregnancy, we investigated changes in activities of the splenic macrophages and ovarian histological findings in rat. During the estrous cycles, the ratious of phagocytotic macrophage in splenic adherent cells were highest on the proestrous, but they were lowest on metestrous. During the pregnancy, the ratious of phagocytotic macrophages in splenic adhrent cells were lowest by 1 day and then significantly increased toward the pregnancy, which were highest pregnancy on day 12. On histological findings in rat ovary, the mean number of growing, antral and mature follicles were 15.9(72.9%), 3.4(15.9%), and 2.4(11.2%), respectively. Growing follicles reached to lowest number at diestrus and mature follicle reached to lowest number at metestrus. The numbers of corpus luteums per tissue section of the ovary were 14.4 and the number of normal and atretic follicles were 11.0(76.4%) and 3.4(23.6%), respectively. The number of corpus luteum with vacolated cell were 1.7(11.8%). In this study suggests splenic macrophages are as a source of the substance which maintainer progesterone secretion from luteal cells, and are recognized pass the vessels and reside in the fresh corpora lutea soon after ovulation via inflammatory reactions, and these macrophages are felt to have a stimulatory effect on the formation of cropora lutea. In view of the results include previous report, ovarian $20{\alpha}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme and splenic macrophages consider play central role in the control and maintenance of estrous cycles and pregnancy, and also applicable to both clinical and research in a wide variety such as control of reproductive system.