• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.67-89
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• 2014

This paper uses patent data of OECD countries in order to investigate if there is converging tendency in renewable energy area. We used the concepts of sigma convergence and beta convergence to measure the convergence. GINI coefficient, HH index are also borrowed from other area of economics. The results show that technology level does not seem to have been converging in this area. Even though the number of patent in relatively less advanced countries has been increased a lot, we could find no evidence that there is the tendency that the gap among the countries have been narrowed. This is quite different from the results of IT industry or other industry since we could find the converging tendency in the data of those industries. Instead, it seems that there is the convergence club among most advance countries in renewable energy area.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.469-475
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare the elements of anti-discrimination laws on disability in major OECD countries. This study used the analysis framework for the elements of the anti-discrimination law on disability presented in the national report of Chopin et al.,(2018). In addition, It was analyzed including the Anti-Discrimination Act on Disability, the General Anti-Discrimination Act including Disability, the Equality Act in the UK, and the Human Rights Act in Canada. The research results were as follows. In Austria, Belgium, France and Sweden, it were found that the countrys satisfied all of the provisions of the Act on 'Direct discrimination', 'Indirect discrimination', 'Harassment', 'Legal standing to act on behalf of victims', 'Legal standing to act in support of victims' and 'Prohibition of victimisation'. In particular, in Korea, 'Legal standing to act on behalf of victims' and 'Legal standing to act in support of victims' were not included. However, it was a country that satisfied the provisions of the Act on 'Direct discrimination', 'Indirect discrimination', 'Harassment' and 'Prohibition of victimisation'. Finally, this study suggested legal and institutional supplementation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.35-44
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• 2019

This study analyzes the relationship between OECD DAC aid and recipients' corruption based on the good governance discussion. The study applies a fixed-effect model and PCSE model with a dataset of 43 African countries' corruption perception index, World Bank data, Polity IV, and OECD DAC aid statistics between 2000 and 2014. A statistical analysis confirmed that OECD DAC aid has a negative impact on corruption in African countries. DAC's aid affects negatively to corruption in African countries, especially in countries where democracy has matured. This research suggests that a more comprehensive follow-up study of the OECD DAC's good governance-oriented aid. Simultaneously, the general democratic effect on the recipients' institutions could not be applied in African countries, when considering regional peculiarities.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to report on and compare the conditions of practicing nurses and nursing graduates in Korea and other OECD countries to suggest policy to improve nurse staffing in Korea. Methods: Data on nurses and nursing graduates from 34 OECD countries in 2015 (or the nearest year) were analyzed. The proportion of practicing nurses among nurses who were licensed to practice and nursing graduates per population and per the number of practicing nurses were examined. Results: The number of practicing nurses per 1,000 population in Korea was 5.9 and, in Korea, only 31.0% of licensed nurses were practicing, whereas the OECD average was 69.5%. Korea had the highest number of nursing graduates (109.0) per 100,000 population and the highest number of nursing graduates (183.5) per 1,000 practicing nurses in the OECD countries. Skill-mix analysis indicated that 52.2% of the practicing nurses in Korea were professional practicing nurses, which was the second-lowest among the OECD countries. The ratio of nurses' wages to those of physician specialists was 0.43 in the OECD countries. Conclusion: Nurse staffing and skill-mix in Korea were very low in comparison to other OECD countries. Policies for retention of nurses via improved working conditions are required.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.457-467
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to explore the general characteristics of sports for all through the patterns of sports for all policy and analysis of causal relation of the determinants. To achieve this goal, 26 countries among OECD 30 members which provide useful data sources were selected. The data were analyzed by Qualitative Comparative Analysis(QCA) with cluster analysis. GDP, leisure time, social expenditure, Gini's coefficient, poverty rate and tax burden ratio were used as casual variables for Qualitative Comparative Analysis. The findings of this study were as follows. First, three patterns were examined and Korea was classified into the pattern which has low sports for all participation and sportsclub participation. Second, as a result of Qualitative Comparative Analysis for analyzing the determinants of sports for all patterns, the pattern in which includes Korea showed that GDP, leisure time, social expenditure, tax burden ratio had negative relationship and Gini's coefficient, poverty rate had positive relationship.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 2017

The environmental problems affecting marine resources and slow growth in the fisheries industry is causing many countries to look for alternative inputs that can boost the fisheries sector. This study focuses on the effects of technological innovation in the fisheries industry on the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita across Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. Using a panel dataset, this study attempts to estimate the different effects of technological innovations in the fisheries industry from country to country using the differences-in-differences (DiD) method. After the DiD method, the Granger causality test is applied to determine the interactive relations between economic growth and the selected variables associated with technological innovation in the fisheries industry, such as government spending on fisheries R&D, the number of patents in fisheries, and employment. The results obtained from the DiD estimation show that government spending on fisheries R&D, fisheries technology development, and fisheries employment positively influences the GDP per capita across OECD counties. From the causality test, we found different bi-directional causal relationships between the GDP per capita and (spending) on fisheries technology development across countries.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.39
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• pp.167-187
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• 2008

This study explores the trends of social security expenditures after financial crisis in welfare states. For the purpose, this study analyzes changes in social expenditures during 1980~2003 in 22 OECD countries. The results show that average total social security expenditure(as a percentage of GDP) among the 22 countries increased from 18.0% in 1980 to 22.3% in 2003. Compared to sharp increases during the great expansion period of the welfare state before 1980s, the increase in social expenditures after 1980s is substantially weakened. The slowdown in the increases of social expenditures is remarkable in the social democratic welfare states where social expenditures have already reached a high level. On the other hand, social expenditures are considerably increased in the lagged welfare states such as South European countries and Japan. As a result, the cross-national difference in social expenditures has continuously decreased. These findings suggest that financial crisis is a key factor of welfare-state reorganization. Countries where social expenditures are in high level need more reforms under the pressure of financial deficits. Since 1980s, they have tried various reforms especially in pensions and unemployment benefits. Facing new and increasing demands for social security as well as financial limitations, the welfare state needs major reforms in the social security system to increase effectiveness/efficiency of existing programs and to iron out priorities among programs.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-27
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to explore some policy implications for improving the faculty personnel management and their salary scheme of the Korean national universities through comparing the systems and practices of Korean national universities to those of OECD countries. The fact that many leading OECD countries in higher education arena have been taking decentralized contract-based system based on institutional autonomy and performance beyond the previous bureaucratic control model casts some significant implications for the Korean national university reform. Especially, concerning on personnel management, it is necessary to provide more flexibility in managing faculty personnel categorization and expansion of faculty quota management for faculty and to review the maintenance of faculty's legal status as civil servant. In addition, regarding the salary scheme of faculty, we suggested performance-based salary scheme with plus-sum methods, settlement of rational faculty performance evaluation system and practices, and need for some aligning efforts for changing faculty salary scheme of the national universities.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.215-235
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• 2018

Policy concerns related to raising fertility rates are not only common interests among the OECD countries, but they are also issues of great concern to South Korea whose fertility rate is the lowest in the world. The fertility rate in South Korea continues to decline, even though most of the national budget has been spent on measures to address this and many studies have been conducted on the increase in the fertility rates. In this regard, this study aims to verify the effectiveness of the detailed factors affecting the fertility rate that have been discussed in the previous studies on fertility rates, and to investigate the overall trend toward enhancing the quality of life and increasing the fertility rate through macroscopic and structural studies under the recognition of problems related to the policy approaches through the case studies of the European countries. Toward this end, this study investigated if a high quality of life in advanced countries contributes to the increase in the fertility rate, which country serves as a state model that has a high quality of life and a high fertility rate, and what kind of social and policy environment does the country have with regard to childbirth. The analysis of the OECD Better Life Index (BLI) and CIA fertility rate data showed that the countries whose people enjoy a high quality of life do not necessarily have high fertility rates. In addition, under the recognition that a country with a high quality of life and a high birth rate serves as a state model that South Korea should aim for, the social characteristics of Iceland, Ireland, and New Zealand, which turned out to have both a high quality of life and a high fertility rate, were compared with those of Germany, which showed a high quality of life but a low fertility rate. According to the comparison results, the three countries that were mentioned showed higher awareness of gender equality; therefore, the gender wage gap was small. It was also confirmed that the governments of these countries support various policies that promote both parents sharing the care of their children. In Germany, on the other hand, the gender wage gap was large and the fertility rate was low. In a related move, however, the German government has made active efforts to a paradigm shift toward gender equality. The fertility rate increases when the synergy lies in the relationship between parents and children; therefore, awareness about gender equality should be firmly established both at home and in the labor market. For this reason, the government is required to provide support for the childbirth and rearing environment through appropriate family policies, and exert greater efforts to enhance the effectiveness of the relevant systems rather than simply promoting a system construction. Furthermore, it is necessary to help people in making their own childbearing decisions during the process of creating a better society by changing the national goal from 'raising the fertility rate' to 'creating a healthy society made of happy families'

• 한국양묘협회지
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• s.23
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• pp.38-44
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• 1995