• Title/Summary/Keyword: O2O service

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An Efficient Heuristic to Solve Vehicle Routing Problem for Container Shuttle Service (컨테이너 셔틀 서비스를 위한 차량 경로 문제의 근사적 해법)

  • Shin, Jae-Young;Oh, Sung-Inn;Park, Jong-Won
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.33 no.8
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    • pp.583-588
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    • 2009
  • Generally, the container road transportation can be divided into three types; short distance, long distance and shuttle transportation. Specially, the shuttle service occurs several amounts of container which is same as O/D pairs. Also container vehicle can be divided into three types according to the chassis types of vehicle; only 20-feet container, only 40-feet container and combined chassis trailer. Combined chassis trailers can load two 20-feet containers or one 40-feet container. This paper deals with Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) for delivering containers considering shuttle service. This problem is similar to the previously studied Shin and Oh (2008), but the characteristics of shuttle service must be considered additionally. We formulate the container shuttle transportation planning problem using combined chassis trailers based on VRP with pick-up and delivery which can visit each node more than one time, and propose an efficient solution procedure.

Application of major plant nutrient releasing model and N2O emissions to the leachate from the mixtures of rice hull biochar and organic fertilizer materials (왕겨 바이오차와 유기농자재 혼합에 따른 주요 양분 용출 모델 적용 및 N2O 배출량 산정)

  • DongKeon Lee;JaeLee Choi;ChangKi Shim;JooHee Nam;SeokIn Youn;JeongSeok Song;Dogyun Park;JoungDu Shin
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.43-53
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    • 2023
  • This batch experiment evaluated the impacts of major plant nutrient releases by applying the modified Hyperbola model on the leachates and N2O emissions from incorporated rice hull biochar with organic fertilizer materials. The treatments consisted of the control as incorporated with organic fertilizer materials, the incorporated rice hull biochar with organic fertilizer materials, and the incorporated plasma-activated rice hull biochar with organic fertilizer materials under redox conditions. The results indicated that the maximum release amount of NH4-N was 3486.3 mg L-1 in the control, and their reduction rates of NH4-N, NO3-N, PO4-P, and K were 8.0%, 17.5% 44.3.0% and 8.7%, respectively, relative to the control. In the control, the highest soluble amount of PO4-P was 681.0 mg L-1. The estimations for accumulated NH4-N, NO3-N, PO4-P, and K-releases in all the treatments were significantly (p<0.01) fitted with a modified Hyperbola model. For greenhouse gas emissions, the lowest cumulative N2O was 340.4 mg kg-1 in the soil incorporated with plasma-activated rice hull biochar, and the reduction rates were 27.8% and 86.4% in the rice hull biochar and plasma-activated rice hull biochar treatments, respectively, compared to the control. Therefore, it concluded that the incorporated rice hull biochar can be especially useful for controlling PO4-P release and N2O emissions for bio-fertilizer applications.

A Comparative Study of SERVQUAL and SERVPERF in Measuring the Fast Food Restaurants' Service Quality in Korea (한국 패스트푸드점 서비스품질 측정에 있어서 SERVQUAL과 SERVPERF의 비교 연구)

  • 장대성;박주영;김두복
    • Korean Management Science Review
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.59-73
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    • 2002
  • There have been academic debates upon which measure is more desirable in measuring service quality between SERVQUAL and SERVPERF In addition, Korean fast food industry is rapidly growing due to increasing income and globalization. Our study tried to contribute to both academic and practical issues. We compared SERVQUAL and SERVPERF measures to determine which one is superior to measure service quality in Korean fast food franchise. We collected data from two branch restaurants of one American global fast food franchise system. Regression analyses resulted in that SERVPERF outperformed SERVQUAL. Furthermore, we compared the goodness of fit of the two structural equation models of SERVQUAL anO SERVPERF, respectively. The SERVPERF model showed a much better model fit than the SERVQUAL model did. Thus, we suggest that SERVPERF be used to measure service quality in Korean fast food industry.

Recovery of Ecosystem Service Functions through Ecological Restoration Practice: A Case Study of Coal Mine Spoils, Samcheok, Central Eastern Korea (훼손된 생태계의 복원을 통한 생태계 서비스의 회복: 채탄쓰레기 매립지 복원지의 사례)

  • Oh, Woo Seok;Lee, Chang Seok
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.102-111
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    • 2014
  • Ecological restoration is regarded as a major strategy for preventing biodiversity loss and thereby enhancing ecosystem service. This study was performed to evaluate ecosystem service value that the restored ecosystem provides. Ecosystem service was evaluated for provisioning and regulating services. The former service was evaluated by comparing similarities in a viewpoint of floristic composition to the reference site between the restored and the unrestored sites. Species composition of the restored site was found to be more similar to the reference site than that of the unrestored site and thereby restoration practice contributed for enhancing the provisioning service. Regulating service was evaluated based on microclimate control, soil amelioration, and improvement of water holding capacity. The value of ecosystem services in terms of microclimate control, soil amelioration, and improvement of water holding capacity was higher in the restored site than in the unrestored site. In consequence, ecological restoration of coal mine spoils contributed for enhancing the ecosystem service value of the corresponding site and thereby is rewarding the cost invested for restoration.

A component based framework for service development of ubiquitous healthcare (유비쿼터스 서비스 개발을 위한 컴포넌트 기반의 서비스 개발 프레임워크)

  • Yang, Won-Seop;Lee, Geon-Myeong;Kim, Won-Jae;Yun, Seok-Jung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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    • 2007.04a
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    • pp.324-328
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    • 2007
  • 유비궈터스 헬스케어는 단일화된 서비스가 아니라 다양한 기술들이 복합적으로 결합되어 운용되는 서비스이다. 따라서 서비스의 형태가 고정적이지 않고 매우 다양하게 나타난다. 하지만 실제로 차이가 발생하는 부분은 서비스의 구현에 관한 세부적 내용에서 나타나고, 서비스 운용을 위한 기본 구성요소에 있어서는 큰 차이가 없이 유사한 형태를 가진다. 그 결과 유비쿼터스 헬스케어 서비스 개발 과정에서는 실제 서비스의 구현 외의 통신과 데이터베이스의 이용, 메시지 전달과 같은 중복되는 항목에 대한 고려가 매번 이루어져야 한다. 이것은 개발 과정에 있어 불필요한 비용의 증가를 불러온다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 불필요한 비용을 감소시키며 서비스의 개발과 운용이 가능한 유비쿼터스 헬스케어 서비스의 제공을 위한 아키텍처와 서비스 개발을 위한 프레임워크를 제안한다. 제안하는 서비스 제공 아키덱처는 크게 이용자 단말, 유비궈터스 헬스케어 서비스 센터, 외부 기관으로 구성된다. 서비스 개발 프레임워크는 서버와 클라이언트 프레임워크로 구분된다. 서비스 개발 프레임워크는 서비스를 제공하는 서버에서 필요한 유비쿼터스 헬스케어 서비스의 공통 구성요소를 가진다. 서비스의 개발을 위해 우선 프로세스에 대한 정의를 수행하고, 정의된 내용에 따라 필요한 코드 템플릿을 결합하여 서비스의 초기 형태를 만들어낸다. 여기에 각 서비스가 필요로 하는 세부 사항을 작성하는 것으로 서비스의 개발을 수행하게 된다. 제안된 서비스 제공 아키텍처와 서비스 개발 프레임워크를 실제 적용해보기 위해 전림선비대증 환자 진료를 위한 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다.JSHOP2 계획수립기내에 구현하였다. 계획 실행 방법으로는 주어진 강건한 계획에 대하여 행위들이 직접 실행하수 있도록 한다.며 용량에 의존하는 양상을 보였다. $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발(誘發)된 DNA의 손상은 catalase와 deferoxamine에 의해 억제되었지만 DPPD는 억제시키지 못했다. 배기음(排氣飮)은 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발(誘發)된 ATP의 소실을 회복시켰다. 이러한 실험결과 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발(誘發)된 세포(細胞)의 손상(損傷)은 지질(脂質)의 과산화(過酸化)와는 다른 독립적인 기전에 의해 일어남을 나타낸다. 결론 : 이러한 결과들로 볼 때 Caco-2 세포(細胞)에서 배기음(排氣飮)이 항산화작용(亢酸化作用)보다는 다른 기전을 통하여 Caco-2 세포안에서 산화제(酸化劑)에 의해 유발(誘發)된 세포(細胞)의 사망(死亡)와 DNA의 손상(損傷)을 방지할 수 있다는 것을 가리킨다. 따라서 본 연구(硏究)는 배기음(排氣飮)이 반응성산소기(反應性酸素基)에 의해 매개된 인체(人體) 위장관질환(胃腸管疾患)의 치료(治療)에 사용할 수 있을 가능성(可能性)이 있음을 제시하고 있다.에 이를 이용하여 유가배양시 기질을 공급하는 공정변수로 사용하였다 [8]. 생물학적인 폐수처리장치인 활성 슬러지법에서 미생물의 활성을 측정하는 방법은 아직 그다지 개발되어있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 슬러지의 주 구성원이 미생물인 점에 착안하여 침전시 슬러지층과 상등액의 온도차를 측정하여 대사열량의 발생량을 측정하고 슬러지의 활성을 측정할 수 있는 방법을

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Design and Implementation of Multi Messaging System Using SK-VM Based On J2ME (J2ME기반의 SK-VM을 이용한 다중 메시징 시스템 설계 및 구현)

  • 김응곤;최완규;이성주
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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    • 2001.12a
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    • pp.41-45
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    • 2001
  • In the case of mobile internet service using WAP, It was connected to http protocol using WAP Gateway. So, Users take increased cost of mobile internet service. and it was generated inner security problem because it watched user information in the WAP Gateway. To solve this problem we use java language. Which is independant of platform and low cost and intensely security and downloadable application. Additional, Using socket connection, Multi Messaging System(MMS) will connect real time between PC-Client and Mobile-Client, Mobile-Client and Mobile-Client, and so on. In this paper, as design and implementation o( multi messaging used SK-VM based on .12ME, It will be foundation to develop various mobile application in the future.

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Design and Implementation of IEEE 11073/HL7 Translation Gateway Based on U-Healthcare Application Service for M2M (M2M을 위한 U-헬스케어 응용 서비스 기반 IEEE 11073/HL7 변환 게이트웨이 설계 및 구현)

  • Chun, Seung-Man;Nah, Jae-Wook;Park, Jong-Tae
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.36 no.3B
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    • pp.275-286
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    • 2011
  • As the 21st century paradigm of healthcare service changes from post-therapeutic treatment to disease prevention and management in advance, the M2M-based u-healthcare application service is increasingly important. M2M-based u-healthcare application service uses mobile handsets equipped with sensors to measure vital information, and the medical staff in remote locations can manage the health of the patient or the public in real time. In this paper, IEEE/HL7 translation gateway, utilizing the gateway based on M2M u-healthcare application service structure, which is based on international standards, has been designed and implemented. Specifically, the gateway between ISO/IEEE 11073 standards and ANSI HL7 has been developed. The former defines the protocol for the exchange of information between the agent device and the manger devices for measuring and handling biological signal, and the latter defines the application layer protocol for the exchange of various healthcare information systems. Finally, in order to demonstrate the functionality of the proposed architecture, the M2M-based U-healthcare application service based on IEEE/HL7 translation gateway, utilizing the gateway, has been developed which can measure, collect and process a variety of vital signs such as ECG or SpO2.

A Scheme to Handle Out-of-Order Packets in Route Optimization for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (Proxy Mobile IPv6 에 대한 라우트 최적화에서 불규칙 패킷을 다루기 위한 기법)

  • Anh, Khuong;Yeoum, Sanggil;Kim, Dongsoo;Choo, Hyunseung
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2014.04a
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    • pp.190-191
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    • 2014
  • Out-of-Order Packet ($O^3P$) problem is an issue that significantly impacts to the QoS of service and network. Route optimization (RO) in PMIPv6 is proposed by P.Loureiro and M. Liebsch to reduce the load of LMAs and transmission delay. In RO scheme, at the time the optimal path is established, there exist two paths: optimal path and old path as non-optimal path for transmitting data between MN1 and MN2 that is the cause of $O^3P$ occurring. This paper proposes a scheme to prevent $O^3P$ problem by using packet buffering technique and a new mobility message, named End Traffic Marker (ETM) to mark the end of packet delivery through the old path.

Categorizing Quality Features of Franchisees: In the case of Korean Food Service Industry (프랜차이즈 매장 품질요인의 속성분류: 국내 외식업을 중심으로)

  • Byun, Sook-Eun;Cho, Eun-Seong
    • Journal of Distribution Research
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.95-115
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    • 2011
  • Food service is the major part of franchise business in Korea, accounting for 69.9% of the brands in the market. As the food service industry becomes mature, many franchisees have struggled to survive in the market. In general, consumers have higher levels of expectation toward service quality of franchised outlets compared that of (non-franchised) independent ones. They also tend to believe that franchisees deliver standardized service at the uniform food price, regardless of their locations. Such beliefs seem to be important reasons that consumers prefer franchised outlets to independent ones. Nevertheless, few studies examined the impact of qualify features of franchisees on customer satisfaction so far. To this end, this study examined the characteristics of various quality features of franchisees in the food service industry, regarding their relationship with customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction. The quality perception of heavy-users was also compared with that of light-users in order to find insights for developing differentiated marketing strategy for the two segments. Customer satisfaction has been understood as a one-dimensional construct while there are recent studies that insist two-dimensional nature of the construct. In this regard, Kano et al. (1984) suggested to categorize quality features of a product or service into five types, based on their relation to customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction: Must-be quality, Attractive quality, One-dimensional quality, Indifferent quality, and Reverse quality. According to the Kano model, customers are more dissatisfied when Must-be quality(M) are not fulfilled, but their satisfaction does not arise above neutral no matter how fully the quality fulfilled. In comparison, customers are more satisfied with a full provision of Attactive quality(A) but manage to accept its dysfunction. One-dimensional quality(O) results in satisfaction when fulfilled and dissatisfaction when not fulfilled. For Indifferent quality(I), its presence or absence influences neither customer satisfaction nor dissatisfaction. Lastly, Reverse quality(R) refers to the features whose high degree of achievement results in customer dissatisfaction rather than satisfaction. Meanwhile, the basic guidelines of the Kano model have a limitation in that the quality type of each feature is simply determined by calculating the mode statistics. In order to overcome such limitation, the relative importance of each feature on customer satisfaction (Better value; b) and dissatisfaction (Worse value; w) were calculated following the formulas below (Timko, 1993). The Better value indicates how much customer satisfaction is increased by providing the quality feature in question. In contrast, the Worse value indicates how much customer dissatisfaction is decreased by providing the quality feature. Better = (A + O)/(A+O+M+I) Worse = (O+M)/(A+O+M+I)(-1) An on-line survey was performed in order to understand the nature of quality features of franchisees in the food service industry by applying the Kano Model. A total of twenty quality features (refer to the Table 2) were identified as the result of literature review in franchise business and a pre-test with fifty college students in Seoul. The potential respondents of our main survey was limited to the customers who have visited more than two restaurants/stores of the same franchise brand. Survey invitation e-mails were sent out to the panels of a market research company and a total of 257 responses were used for analysis. Following the guidelines of Kano model, each of the twenty quality features was classified into one of the five types based on customers' responses to a set of questions: "(1) how do you feel if the following quality feature is fulfilled in the franchise restaurant that you visit," and "(2) how do you feel if the following quality feature is not fulfilled in the franchise restaurant that you visit." The analyses revealed that customers' dissatisfaction with franchisees is commonly associated with the poor level of cleanliness of the store (w=-0.872), kindness of the staffs(w=-0.890), conveniences such as parking lot and restroom(w=-0.669), and expertise of the staffs(w=-0.492). Such quality features were categorized as Must-be quality in this study. While standardization or uniformity across franchisees has been emphasized in franchise business, this study found that consumers are interested only in uniformity of price across franchisees(w=-0.608), but not interested in standardizations of menu items, interior designs, customer service procedures, and food tastes. Customers appeared to be more satisfied when the franchise brand has promotional events such as giveaways(b=0.767), good accessibility(b=0.699), customer loyalty programs(b=0.659), award winning history(b=0.641), and outlets in the overseas market(b=0.506). The results are summarized in a matrix form in Table 1. Better(b) and Worse(w) index indicate relative importance of each quality feature on customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction, respectively. Meanwhile, there were differences in perceiving the quality features between light users and heavy users of any specific franchise brand in the food service industry. Expertise of the staffs was labeled as Must-be quality for heavy users but Indifferent quality for light users. Light users seemed indifferent to overseas expansion of the brand and offering new menu items on a regular basis, while heavy users appeared to perceive them as Attractive quality. Such difference may come from their different levels of involvement when they eat out. The results are shown in Table 2. The findings of this study help practitioners understand the quality features they need to focus on to strengthen the competitive power in the food service market. Above all, removing the factors that cause customer dissatisfaction seems to be the most critical for franchisees. To retain loyal customers of the franchise brand, it is also recommended for franchisor to invest resources in the development of new menu items as well as training programs for the staffs. Lastly, if resources allow, promotional events, loyalty programs, overseas expansion, award-winning history can be considered as tools for attracting more customers to the business.

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Eliminating Request Starvation due to Expectation Discrepancy between NCQ and I/O Scheduler (NCQ와 입출력 스케줄러의 기대 불일치로 인한 입출력 요청의 굶주림 현상 제거)

  • Yu, Young-Jin;Shin, Dong-In;Jung, Im-Young;Yeom, Heon-Young
    • Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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    • v.15 no.5
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    • pp.400-404
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    • 2009
  • Native Command Queueing is a technology to maximize throughput of disk system by reordering requests in its command queue. Recent S-ATA 2 standard specifies a protocol for the purpose of dealing with NCQ feature, making most vendors implementing it in their disk devices. However, the new feature, NCQ, may lead to information gap between OS and disk drive. 05 considers that disk will service I/O requests in the order as OS has dispatched. Unfortunately, it isn't true any more since NCQ would simply ignore the policy of OS and reorder the sequence OS has expected. Let us define the term as expectation-discord. Due to the discord, serious performance anomalies or starvation of requests may occur in I/O subsystem. In this paper, we confirm that the expectation-discord actually brings about starvation of requests. We propose a solution to settle it. Our solution is very simple, effective, cheap(not requiring any hardware modification) and portable across various OS. Experimental results show that our solution can balance throughput and response time very well.