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콩 종실 및 생육형질 연관 분자표지 탐색 (QTL Analysis of Seed and Growth Traits using RIL Population in Soybean)

  • 김정순;송미희;이장용;안상낙;구자환
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제53권1호
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    • pp.85-92
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    • 2008
  • 신팔달콩2호와 GC83006를 교잡하여 총 118개의 $F_7$ 계통을 육성하였다. 127개의 분자마커를 사용하여 유전자지도를 이용하여 종실 및 생육특성에 대한 QTLs분석을 실시하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 100립중, 경장, 엽면적 그리고 개화까지 일수는 정규분포를 보였다. 100립중을 제외한 3개의 형질에서 양친의 값을 벗어나는 초월변이 계통이 관찰되었는데, 특히 개화까지의 일수는 개화기가 지연되는 쪽으로 초월변이 계통이 다수 관찰되었다. 2. 100립중, 경장, 엽면적 그리고 개차까지 일수에 대한 QTL분석 결과, 전체 7개의 QTL이 탐지되었다. 100립중에 관여하는 3개의 QTL은 전체변이의 $10.1%\;{\sim}\;12.5%$를 설명하였고, 경장은 전체변이의 22%를 설명하는 1개의 QTL이 탐지되었다. 엽면적은 전체 변이의 10% 및 8.6%를 설명하는 2개의 QTL이 탐지되었으며 개화기 일수는 전체 변이의 41.0%를 설명하는 1개의 QTL이 탐지되었다. 3. 신팔달콩2호와 GC83006의 모용은 각각 회색과 갈색이었으며 모용색은 1개의 유전자가 관여하는 것으로 나타났다. 분석결과 모용색은 연관군 C2에 위치하는 Satt134 마커와 밀접히 연관되어 있었다. 제색은 신팔달콩2호와 GC83006이 각각 흑색과 황색이었으며 후대 중에는 갈색의 배꼽을 갖고 있는 계통도 발견되었다. 종피색은 신팔달콩 2호와 GC83006이 각각 황색과 녹색을 보였으며 후대에서 황색과 녹색 계통이 1 : 1의 분리비를 보여 종피색에는 하나의 유전자가 관여하는 것으로 나타났고, 이 유전자는 연관군 D1a의 마커 Satt077과 밀접한 연관을 보였다.

산지복잡지형과 생태적 비균질성: 산지경관의 생산성과 수자원/수질에 관한 생태계 서비스 평가 (Complex Terrain and Ecological Heterogeneity (TERRECO): Evaluating Ecosystem Services in Production Versus water Quantity/quality in Mountainous Landscapes)

  • 강신규
    • 한국농림기상학회지
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.307-316
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    • 2010
  • 산지복잡지형은 지구표면의 약 20%를 차지하며, 절반 정도의 인류에게 맑은 물을 제공하는 지역이고, 대부분의 주요하천의 발원지로서 국가 혹은 지역 간 사회-경제적 경쟁과 정치적 논란의 대상지역이기도 하다. 산지경관생태계는 우리에게 폭넓은 생태계 생산물과 서비스(맑은 물, 에너지, 식량 및 산림자원 등)를 제공하며, 관광과 휴식활동의 대상으로 크게 부각되고 있다. 이들 지역은 특히 매우 높은 생물다양성과 육상탄소의 주요 저장원이기도 하다. TERRECO사업은 산지복잡지형의 생태계 과정에 대한 이해를 증진하고, 생태계 서비스와 관련한 생태계 기능들을 공간적으로 평가하는 데에 중점을 둔다. 특히 정교한 평가체계를 개발함으로써 산지복잡지형에서의 기후와 토지이용변화에 따른 생태계 서비스 기능의 변화를 정량화할 것이다. 이러한 구도에서 산지복잡지형의 수문학, 수자원, 생산성, 생물다양성, 토양생지화학, 미량가스방출 및 수질 등을 복합적으로 규명하고 있다. TERRECO사업은 총 34개의 세부연구과제로 구성되었으며, 한국산지복잡지형에서의 공동연구를 통해 연구기법의 개발 및 적용을 수행 중에 있다. 세부연구과제들은 산지복잡지형의 경관비균질성에 따른 (1) 물순환과 수자원, (2) 용존유기탄소(DOC), 미세입자상 유기탄소(fPOC), 질소화합물(TN)과 인 함유 물질(TP)의 수송과 수질에 영향을 미치는 탄소와 질소 저장원, (3) 환경적 관심이 높은 미량가스($CO_2$, $N_2O$, $CH_4$)의 포집과 방출, (4) 경관의 생물다양성과 생물다양성에 기인한 생태계 서비스들, 그리고 마지막으로 (5) 농업과 산림 생산성의 차이를 조사하도록 고안하였다. 따라서 TERRECO사업은 한국 산지복잡지형의 생태계 서비스를 조절하는 원리들을 규명하고, 총 34개 세부연구과제의 결과들이 생태계 서비스의 정량적 평가체계를 수립하는 데에 기여하도록 조직화함으로써 새로운 수준의 학제간 정보교환프로그램을 개발하는 데에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

평행식 진동탄환 암거 천공기의 연구(III)-견인력, 토크, 동력 및 모멘크에 관한 모형시험- (A Study on Balanced -type Oseillating Mole-Drainer(III)-Model Test for Draft Force, Torque, Power and Moment)

  • 김용환
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 1976
  • This paper is the third one of the study on balanced type oscillating mole-drainer, the first one was presented in No 9. Gyeongsang College Report and the second one in Vol. 17, No.4 of the KSAE. In the first part of this study, the characteristics of traction forces between the nonoscillating earth working equipments and oscillating ones was compared. A model of the balanced type oscillating mole-drainer, which composed of a mechanism that may reduce the machine vibration, was designed following the dimensional analysis and similitude technique. The model test was carried out to clarify the balancing mechanism of the oscillating parts and other parts of the machine. In the light of the results from the model tests, a prototype machine was made for experimental purpose. Results from the field test by a reported in the near future. In the second report, the model tests were carried out under the same soil conditions, i.e, . oscillating frequency, running velocity, and oscillating amplitude, etc. It was clear that use of balanced type oscillating model could substantially reduce the vibration of the whole system of the machine, when compared with the nonoscillating type model. In this paper(the third report), results of investigation on the traction force, power requirement, and moment. etc, is presented. Analysis of variance technique was used for analyzing the effect of the frequency, amplitude, and running velocity on the draft force, torque, power requirements, and moments. The results obtained from the model tests are as follows, 1) By practicing a balanced-type oscillating mole-drainer, it was possible to reduce the traction resistance by 55.1-61. 2 percent of traction resistance, however, was 1.75 - 1.95 times greater than the value of resistance which was induced by use of a mole-drainer with single bullet. The resistance of rear shank against soil was considered as a main causing factor of the above results. 2) As the oscillation frequency was increased, the traction resistance was decreased. Considering on the effect of oscillation the greater the amplitude, and the slower the running velocity was, the greater the reduction ratio of traction resistance was. 3) The ratio of the traction resistance of oscillating mole-drainer to that of non-oscillating one could be represented as a function of dimensionless variable (V/$Af$). The results from the tests were well agreed with the reported results from the experim ents on oscillation plow or hoe. 4) By taking a lower value of (V/$Af$), reducing the traction resistance was possible. This fact meant, however, that the efficiency of mole drain practice would be lower. 5) It was experimentally confirmed under the same condition of soil that the variable (R/$rD1^3$) could be represented as a function of a variable($V^2/gD$) when a non\ulcornerocillating mole-drainer was used. 6) When a oscillating mole-drainer was used, the variable(R/$rD_1^{3}$) could be represented as a function of two variables ($v^2/gD_1$) and (V^2/gD_1$). 7) The torque was not affected by a change of frequency. However, a relation of proportionality existed between torque and amplitude, running velocity, and ratio of bullet diameter. When a balanced type oscillating mole-drainer with two bullets was used, torque was increased by 52.8-78. 4 percent and total power requirement was also increased. 8) Total power requirement was increased linearly in accordance with the increasing frequency, 41.96 percent of total power was used for oscillating action. The magnitude of total power requirement was 1. 8-9. 4 times greater than that of a non-oscillating mechanism. In the view point of power requirement, it was not advisable to increase the frequency, amplitude, running velocity, and ratio of bullet diameter at the same time. 9) Only the positive moment occured in the rear shank. Change of the diameter of a rear bullet, could not affect the balancing against the soil resistance. It was necessary for rear bullet to have a large resistance against soil only when the rear bullet was in backward motion. 10) Within an extent of the experimental base, optimum limits for several design factors were A=0.5cm, $f$=22.5Hz, V=O. 05m/sec, and $\lambda$=1.0 By adapting these values traction resistance was reduced by 40 percent and vibration acceleration wa s reduced by 60 percent. Even though the total , power requirements for operating a balanced type oscillation mechanism was greater ~than that of non-oscillating one, using a oscillating mechanism would be more effective. Because a balanced type oscillating mechanism is used, tractive resistance will be reduced and then the lighter . tractive equipment could be used.

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산업장 여성근로자의 근무형태에 따른 건강증진행위 비교 (The Comparative Study on Health Promoting Behaviors by Shift Pattern of Duties of Women Workers in workplace)

  • 장희정;박경민
    • 한국직업건강간호학회지
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.22-41
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    • 1999
  • This study intended to analyze the health promoting behaviors, compare their factors according to the shift pattern of duties of women workers who were working in the industrial workplace and present basic data in planning systematic and effective programs of health promotion for three-shift system and day-duty. Using Quota Sampling, 219 women workers were selected as subjects from 5 workshops which had 50 settled workers up to 300 and 10 factories which had more than 300 located in Taegu and Kyung-Book Province. Data were collected by means of questionnaire from September 12 to September 30, 1998. As the instruments of the study were used Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile(HPLP) which was adapted and adjusted by Seo, Y. O. for health promoting behavior, the one developed by Moon, J. S. (1990) for health-belief, the one developed by Sherer et al.(1982) and then adapted by Oh, H. S. for self-efficacy, and the one developed by Park, J. W. (1985) for social support. The analysis of data were performed with Cronbach's ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANCOVA, Kendal tau, Pearson correlation, Stepwise Multiple Regression test using SPSS program. The results of the study are as follows : 1. There was a significant difference in age(${\chi}^2=32.46$, p=0.000), career (${\chi}^2=18.47$, p=0.000), working day(t=-3.18, p=0.000) by the shift pattern of duties in terms of socio-demographic characteristics. 2. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups on the health promoting behaviors (t=2,52, p=0.012). The score of three-shift group on health promoting behaviors was 2.27, showing that it was lower by .13 than that of day-duty group(2.40). 3. ANCOVA involving age, career and working day as covariables, which had revealed significant difference before, showed that health promoting behaviors by the shift patterns of duties was significantly different(F=4.88, p=0.028). 4. In consideration of variables that have an influence on health promoting behavior by the shift pattern of duties, social support occupied 19.4% of health promoting behavior in the three-shift group and 22.5% including the sense of self-efficacy. In the day-duty group, social support occupied 34.4% of health promoting behavior. 5. The score of three-shift group(2.94) was significantly lower than that of day-duty group(3.12) in the perceived benefit of health-belief(t= -3.29, p=0.001), while the score of three-shift group (2.48) was significantly higher than that of day-duty group(2.24) in the perceived barrier (t=4.22, p=0.000). In the sense of self-efficacy(t=-4.20, p=0.000), the score of three-shift group(3.24) was significantly lower than that of day-duty group(3.53) while in social support(t=-4.56, p=0.000) the one of three-shift group(2.64) was significantly lower than that of day-duty group(2.88). The suggestions are as follows on the basis of the results of this study : 1. It is required to develop health promoting program that takes the shift pattern of duties of women workers into consideration. In addition, there are special demands on developing nursing strategies for health promoting behavior of three-shift workers. 2. It is required to develop specific strategies for social support which is the most significant factor to the health promoting behavior for women workers. 3. It is necessary to develop some programs for improving the sense of self-efficacy, social support, and health-belief of three-shift workers. To achieve these tasks, industrial nurses should play an active role and improve the ability of self-health care of women workers.

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인삼제품(人蔘製品)의 품질안정성(品質安定性)에 관한 연구(硏究) -2. 인삼정분(人蓼精粉)과 시판다류제품(市販茶類製品)의 품질안정성(品質安定性) 비교(比較)- (Studies on Stability for the Quality of Ginseng Products -2. Comparative Study on Keeping Quality of Red Ginseng Extract Powders(RGEPs) and Commercial Dehydrated Tea Products-)

  • 최진호;변대석;노재일;박길동;성현순
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.209-214
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    • 1984
  • 유통과정(流通過程)중의 품질안정성(品質安定性) 유지(維持)가 항상 문제시되고 있는 홍삼정분(紅蓼精粉)(동결(凍結) 및 분무(噴霧))의 안정성(安定性)을 시판차류정품(市販茶類精品)과 비교(比較)하기 위하여 이들 제품(製品)의 흡습특성(吸濕特性)을 비교(比較)하였고 또 초기수분함량(初期水分含臺), 조지방함량(粗脂肪含量) 및 밀도(密度)와의 관계(關係)를 조사(調査)하여 홍삼정립(紅蓼精粒)의 안정성(安定性) 미치는 영향(影響)을 비교(比較)하였다. (1) 홍삼정분(紅蔘精粉) 및 시판차류제품(市販茶類製品)의 입도(粒度)는 100 mesh 이하였으며 동결건조제품(凍結乾燥製品)이 분무건조제품(噴霧乾燥製品)보다 입도(粒度)가 컸다. (2) 홍삼정분(紅蓼精粉)(동결(凍結) 및 분무(噴霧))이 3.85% 및 4.56% 로 초기수분함량(初期水分舍量)이 높은데 비해 커피(동결(凍結) 및 분무(噴霧))가 2.17% 및 3.52%로 낮았으며 홍삼정분(紅蔘精粉)이 커피 보다 1.3$\sim$l.8배의 높은 초기수분함량(初期水分含量)을 나타냈다. (3) 탱이나 쌍화차가 흡습율(吸濕率)이 가장 낮아 높은 안정성(安定性)을 나타냈는데 이는 탱과 쌍화차의 지방함량(脂肪含量) (4.12% 및 0.62%)이 높을 뿐만 아니라 밀도(密度)(0.89g/ml 및 0.59g/ml)도 다른 제품(製品)에 비해 훨씬 높기 때문으로 판단된다. (4) 커피의 흡습율(吸濕率)이 홍삼정분(紅參精粒)보다 컸으나 커피의 안정성(安定性)이 홍삼정분(紅蔘精紛)보다 더 높은 것은 커피의 초기수분함량(初期水分含量) (2.17${\sim}$3.52%)이 홍삼정분(紅蓼精粉) (3.85${\sim}$4.56%)보다 낮을 뿐만 아니라 커피의 지방함량(脂肪含量)(0.31${\sim}$0.38%)도 홍삼정분(紅蔘精粉)(0.12${\sim}$0.16%) 보다 훨신 높기 때문으로 판단된다. (5) 따라서 홍삼정분(紅蓼精粉)의 안정성(安定性)을 높이기 위해서는 현행 물추출방벙(抽出方法)을 용매추축(溶媒抽出)로의 전환(轉換)이나 지방피막(脂肪皮膜) 처리(處理)에 의한 흡습물성(吸濕物性)을 개선(改善)함이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다.

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염생식물의 기능 - 퉁퉁마디(S.hrebacea)의 항산화능 - (Funtional Components of Holophyte - Antioxidant substances in Salicornia herbacea L. -)

  • 김종배;최선남;최규홍;임성한;채숙진
    • 수산해양교육연구
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.197-205
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    • 2007
  • 퉁퉁마디(S. herbacea)는 시력저하, 소화불량, 위장병, 간염, 신장병 등 생리적 효능이 구전되어 오지만 그 약효를 입증할 만한 과학적 근거는 찾아볼 수 없었다. 이에 퉁퉁마디를 기능성 식품소재로 활용하기 위한 기초적 자료를 얻고자 퉁퉁마디의 화학 성분과 그 특성을 조사하고 항산화 효과를 측정한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 퉁퉁마디의 일반성분을 보면 수분(가지 91.46%, 줄기 90.19%), 조단백질(가지 0.97%, 줄기 1.04%), 조지방(가지 0.19%, 줄기 0.26%), 회분(가지 3.23%, 줄기 3.24%), 조섬유(가지 1.51%, 줄기 0.68%)이었으며 대체로 수분과 조섬유를 제외한 모든 성분의 함량이 줄기가 높았다. 2. 퉁퉁마디의 유리 아미노산 함량은 가지에는 10007.11 mg/100g, 줄기에는 9309.13 mg/100g의 아미노산이 함유되어 있었다. 퉁퉁마디에는 필수 아미노산의 함량이 총 아미노산 대비 가지는 12.79%, 줄기는 6.72%이었다. 특히 tryptophan, threonine는 F. A. O.의 기준에 비해 가지에서 각각 2배, 3배가량 높게 함유되어 있었다. 이는 퉁퉁마디가 제한아미노산 식품에 보충 소재로서 이용 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. 3. 퉁퉁마디의 지방산에는 포화지방산보다는 불포화지방산이 많이 함유되어 있었다. 퉁퉁마디의 가지에는 불포화 지방산이 약 80% 함유되어 있고, 줄기에는 불포화 지방산이 약 74% 함유되어 있었다. 4. 항산화제는 free radical과 반응하므로 이와같은 DPPH의 성질을 이용하여 퉁퉁마디 메탄올 추출물의 항산화능을 합성항산화제인 BHT와 비교한 결과 퉁퉁마디 가지의 메탄올 추출물 1mM(8.32)과 줄기의 메탄올 추출물 1 mM(7.74), $100{\mu}M$ (2.8)에서 100ppm BHT(1.72)보다 높은 항산화 활성이 있음을 확인하였다.

($TGF-{\beta}$)이 Minocycline을 전처리한 사람 치주인대세포의 활성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of $TGF-{\beta}1$ on Cellular Activity of Minocycline-Pretreated Human Periodontal Ligament Cells)

  • 양승오;유형근;신형식
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.469-490
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    • 1996
  • The initial events required for periodontal regeneration is the attachment, spreading, and proliferation of appropriated cells at the healing sites. These have been reported that minocycline stimulates the attachment of periodontal ligament cells, and also $TGF-{\beta}1$ enhances the proliferation of periodontal ligament cells. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of $TGF-{\beta}1$ on the cellular activity of minocycline treated human periodontal ligament cells. Periodontal ligament cells were obtained from the explants of healthy periodontal ligaments of extracted 3rd molars or premolar teeth extracted from the patients for orthodontic treatment. The cells were cultured in minimal essential medium(${\alpha}-MEM$) supplemented with 10.000units/ml penicillin, $10,000{\mu}g/ml$ streptomycin and 10% FBS(fetal bovine serum) at $37^{\circ}C$ in a humidified atmosphere of 5% carbon dioxide and the 5th to the 8th passages of the cells were used. To evaluate the effect of minocycline on cell attachment, the cells were seeded at a cell density of $1.5{\times}10^4$ cells/well in 24-well culture plates and treated with $20{\mu}g/ml$ and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of minocycline for 1.5 h. After trypsinization, the cells were counted with hemocytometer and were taken photographs for observation of cellular morphology. To evaluate the effect of $TGF-{\beta}1$ on minocycline-pretreated periodontal ligament cells, the cells were seeded at a cell density of $1{\times}10^4$ cells/ well in 24-well culture plates and treated with $20{\mu}g/ml$ and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of minocycline for 1.5 h. After incubation, 1 and 10ng/ml of $rh-TGF-{\beta}1$ were also added to the each well and incubated for 1 and 2 days, respectively. Then, MTT assay, DNA synthesis($^3H-thymidine\;assay$), and protein and collagen assay(3H-proline assay) were carried out. In the MIT assay, after 200ul MTT solutionlconeentration of 5mg/ml) were added to the each well of the 24-well plates and incubated for 3 hours, and 200 ul DMSO were added so as to dissolve insoluble blue formazan crystals which was formed in incubated period. Then it read plates on a ELISA reader. For mitogenic assay, 1 uCi/ml $^3H-thymidine$ was added to each well for the final 2 hours of the incubation periods. After labeling, the wells were washed 3 times with ice cold PBS and 4 times with 5% TCA to remove unincorporated label and precipitate the cellular DNA. DNA, with the incorporated $^3H-thymidine$, was solubilized with 500 ul of 0.1% NaOH/0.1% SDS. A 250 ul aliquot was removed from each well and placed in a scintillation vial with 4ml of scintillation cocktail. Using an liguid scintillation counter, counts per minute(CPM) were determined for each samples. 3 uCi/ml $^3H-proline$ was added to each well for the final 4 hours of the incubation periods and total protein and percent collagen synthesis were carried out. The results indicate that minocycline treated group with $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentration for 1.5 hours significantly increased than that of control in cell attachment, and cell process is also evident compared with that of control in cell morphology, and the cellular activity and DNA synthesis rate of cells treated minocycline and $TGF-{\beta}1$ significantly increased than that of control values, but were below to values of the $TGF-{\beta}1$ only treated group in MIT assay and $^3H-thymidine\;assay$, and the total protein synthesis of minocycline and $TGF-{\beta}1$ treated group also significantly increased than that of control values, but the percent collagen synthesis of tested group significantly decreased to compared with control. On the above the findings, the tested group of minocycline and $TGF-{\beta}1$ did not increase the effect on the cell activity than $TGF-{\beta}1$ only tested group and the tested group of minocycline inhibited cell activity. This results indicate that minocycline was effective on cell attachment in early stage, but it is harmful to cell activity, that inhibitory effect of minocycline was compensated with stimulatory effect of $TGF-{\beta}1$.

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농업생산기반 정비사업의 산업연관효과분석 -황락 저수지지구를 중심으로- (Analysis of Industrial Linkage Effects for Farm Land Base Development Project -With respect to the Hwangrak Benefited Area with Reservoir -)

  • 임재환;한석호
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.77-93
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    • 1999
  • This study is aiming at identifying the foreward and backward lingkage effects of the farm land base development project. Korean Government has continuously carried out farmland base development projets including the integrated agricultural development projects. large and medium scale irrigation projects and the comprehensive development of the four big river basin including tidal land reclamation and estuary dam construction for the all weather farming since 1962. the starting year of the five year economic development plans. Consequently the irrigation rate of paddy fields in Korea reached to 75% in 1998 and to escalate the irrigation rate, the Government had procured heavy investment fund from IBRD. IMF and OECF etc. To cope with the agricultural problems like trade liberalization in accordance with WTO policy, the government has tried to solve such problems as new farmland base development policy, preservation of the farmland and expansion of farmland to meet self-sufficiency of foods in the future. Especially, farmland base development projects have been challanged to environmental and ecological problems in evaluating economic benefits and costs where the value of non-market goods have not been included in those. Up to data, in evaluating benefits and costs of the projects, farmland base development projects have been confined to direct incremental value of farm products and it's related costs. Therefore the projects'efficiency as a decision making criteria has shown the low level of economic efficiencies. In estimating economic efficiencies including Leontiefs input-output analysis of the projects could not be founded in Korea at present. Accordingly this study is aimed at achieving and identifying the following objectives. (1) To identify the problems related to the financial supports of the Government in implementing the proposed projects. (2) To estimated backward and foreward linkage effects of the proposed project from the view point of national economy as a whole. To achieve the objectives, Hwangrak benefited area with reservoir which is located in Seosan-haemi Disticts, Chungnam Province were selected as a case study. The main results of the study are summarized as follows : a. The present value of investment and O & M cost were amounted to 3,510million won and the present value of the value added in related industries was estimated at 5.913million won for the period of economic life of 70 years. b. The total discounted value of farm products in the concerned industries derived by the project was estimated at 10,495million won and the foreward and backward linkage effects of the project were amounted to 6,760 and 5,126million won respectively. c. The total number of employment opportunities derived from the related industries for the period of project life were 3,136 man/year. d. Farmland base development projects were showed that the backward linkage effects estimated by index of the sensitivity dispersion were larger than the forward linkage effect estimated by index of the power of dispersion. On the other hand, the forward linkage effect of rice production value during project life was larger than the backward linkage effect e. The rate of creation of new job opportunity by means of implementing civil engineering works were shown high in itself rather than any other fields. and the linkage effects of production of the project investment were mainly derived from the metal and non-metal fields. f. According to the industrial linkage effect analysis, farmland base development projects were identified economically feasible from the view point of national economy as a whole even though the economic efficiencies of the project was outstandingly decreased owing to delaying construction period and increasing project costs.

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수도 직파재배의 경제성분석 -대단위 대호간척농지를 중심으로- (Economic Analysis of Rice Production by Seed Broadcasting -In the Case of Daeho Large Scale Tidal and Development Area-)

  • 임재환;유영희
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.301-322
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    • 1996
  • This study is first aimed at identifying the possibility of labour saving and production cost decreasing in rice production with respect to seed broad casting technology. Comparison of labour inputs and production costs of rice in-between USA and Korea and recommendation of policy guidelines for the continous rice cultivation are the second objective of this study. Under the WTO system, rice enterprice is the most vulnerable crop in the sense of labour productivity and price competitiveness in the international market. How to adapt labour saving technology and how to decrease production costs are the most imminent problems to be solved in rice production. To achieve the objectives, survey on nine rice enterprice farms were made in Daeho tidal farmland with respect to the size of farm, labour inputs, productivity, farm mechanization and farm land base development. The existing data on labour saving technology by seed broadcasting which had surveyed by Rural Development Administration were collected to compare the surveyed data from Daeho tidal farm land The study results and policy recommendation are summarized as follows; 1. Labour requirements per 10a for rice enterprise farms with seed broadcasting and with transplanting were estimated 11.4 and 18.5hours respectively. 'This above labour inputs were equivalent to 1/3-1/5 of the national average labour inputs of 53.6 hours which were included transplanting and harvesting by machinery. Considering the labour requirement of 1.7 hours per 10a for the USA rice production, Korea rice culture has possibility to decrease labour demand upto USA level of labour inputs. 2. Production cost of rice in Korea were estimated US$4,181 per ha which were higher than that of USA by 3.00 times and production costs per ton were shown as US$313 for USA rice and US$1,018 for Korean rice. 3. Land productivity of rice per 10a in America was reached to 4,325kg and the counterpart of Korea was about 4,181kg in recent year. In the sense of land productivity, both yields of rice were comparable. 4. The price of japonica type rice similar to Korean traditional rice in international market in 1994 was f.o.b US$466 per ton which was equivalent to import parity price of US$830 per ton in domestic market. The price of rice purchased by Korean G't and received by farmers were amounted to US$ 2,013 and US$ 1,663 respectively in the same year. Domestic prices mentioned above were higher than the import parity price as US$830 by 2.0-2.4 times. 5. American rice production competitive to Korean rice was equivalent to 17,012 thousand tons, 1.28% of the world production of rice in 1991 and consumption of rice in America was amounted to 2,633 thousand tons. Exportable quantity of USA rice were estimated as 4,379 thousand tons of which 52.3%, 2,300 thousand tons, were exported indeed in the same year. 6. The quantity of Korean rice produced in 1991 was estimated 1.00% of the world production. The world amount of rice exported in 1991 was reached to 2.45% of the world production of which 34.2% was occupied by USA The remaining quantities of world exported rice were dominated by Tiland, Pakistan and Vietnam where produced indica variety. 7. Under the given technology, labour inputs per 10a for rice production could be possible to save by 70% of the national average labour requirement of 53.6 hours through implmenting complete farm mechanization with land consolidation and on-farm development and improvement of fanning practices like seedbroad casting txchnology etc. On the other hand, prduction costs of rice could be decreased by 10% rather than 49% as target indicated in the Rural Development Counter Measures of Korean Government in 1994 owing to increasing farm mechanization cost and interest on land service with high price. Accordingly production cost of rice per kg could be decreased only by 10% of the 1994 production cost. 8. Rice policy of Korean government in the future should take into account the labour saving technology to solve labour shortage in rural area and to enhance off-farm incomes by creating job opportunities in agro-industrial zones and special production area. On account of the staple food and main energy source for people's health, rice production even encountered vulnerable economic settings should be continued without price distortion policies and discouraging farmer's intention to cultivate rice by importing institutionally the direct income subsidy system.

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국소 병변의 다제 내성 폐결핵 환자에서 폐절제술의 역할 (The Role of Resectional Surgery for the Treatment of Localized Multi-drug Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis)

  • 안창혁;안종운;강경우;강수정;임영희;서지영;정만표;김호중;권오정;이종헌
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제49권6호
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    • pp.676-683
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    • 2000
  • 배경 : 다제 내성 폐결핵은 적극적인 내과적 치료에도 불구하고 높은 치료 실패율을 보이므로 최근 보조적 치료 수단으로 폐절제술이 다시 등장하여 시행되고 있다. 그러나, 폐절제술에 대한 적응증이 아직 확립되지 않은 상태이므로 본원에서 폐절제술을 시행 받은 다제 내성 폐결핵 환자들의 치료 효과를 비교 분석하여 적응증의 정립에 지표를 제시하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 1996년 5월부터 2000년 2월까지 INH와 RFP에 동시 내성을 보이는 다제 내성 폐결핵 환자 중 폐결핵 자체에 대한 보조적 치료로써 폐절제술을 시행한 환자 13명을 대상으로 하여 진료 기록을 중심으로 후향적 으로 조사하였다. 결과 : 남자 5명, 여자 8명으로 연령은 $37.5{\pm}12.4$세 (24~63세)였다. $2.4{\pm}0.8$ 회의 화학치료 과거력을 가지고 있었으며, 수술 전에 내성 약제수는 $5.2{\pm}1.9$제, 감수성 약제수는 $5.4{\pm}1.5$제였다. 다제 내성 결핵을 진단 받고 수술까지의 기간은 $109.7{\pm}132.0$개월이 본원에서 재치료 받은 후 $10.5{\pm}8.8$ 개월이었다. 대부분의 환자 (92.3%)에서 주병변에 공동을 동반하고 있었으며, 수술 전 $FEV_1$$2.37{\pm}0.83$ ml 였다. 늑막폐정제술은 2명에서, 폐엽절제술은 분엽절제술이나 설상절제를 포함하여 11명에서 시행 받았다. 수술 후 한 환자 (7.7%)에서 폐렴이 발생하였고, 사망은 없었다. 균음전은 수술 후 $41.5{\pm}58.9$ 일만에 되었다. 모든 환자에서 수술 후 $5.1{\pm}0.8$ 제의 약제를 약 24개월까지 투여 받았는데, 한 환자(7.7%)에서 수술 32개월 만에 재발 하였다. 결론 : 주병변이 국한되어 있는 다제 내성 폐결핵 환자는 내과적 재치료에 실패하는 경우에는 보조적인 치료로써의 폐절제술을 적극적으로 고려해야 할 것이다.

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