• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to investigate effects of dietary level of CLA and the duration of feeding CLAcontaining diets on reproductive performance in sows and piglet growth rate. Tallow (3% in gestation diet and 5% in lactation diet, respectively) was incorporated as a fat source in control diet, and each 50% (dietary CLA level of 0.75% in gestation diet, and 1.50% in lactation diet, respectively) or 100% (dietary CLA level of 1.50% in gestation diet, and 2.50% in lactation diet, respectively) of tallow was replaced by a commercial CLA preparation containing 50% CLA isomers. Diets containing CLA were fed either from d 15 premating to weaning or d 74 post-mating to weaning. The level of dietary CLA and feeding duration did not affect litter size. High dietary level of CLA, however, decreased piglet weights at birth (p<0.01) and tended to decrease backfat thickness of sows at weaning. Longterm feeding of CLA-containing diets decreased piglet weights at weaning (p<0.05) and backfat thickness of sows at weaning (p<0.05). CLA supplemented in sow diet was transferred to fetus and piglets during pregnancy and nursing period, respectively. CLA contents of femoral muscle of piglets were 2.08 to 2.57 mg per g of fat at birth, and 2.36 to 4.47 mg at 10 days of age in CLA groups, while CLA was not detected in the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of CLA tended to lower backfat thickness of sow and piglets' weight at birth or weaning, but did not affect total litter size. Dietary CLA was transferred efficiently during prenatal and postnatal periods of time through the placenta and milk, respectively.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.421-430
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• 1997

채취시기(採取時期)를 달리한 초록과 노란은행잎으로부터의 수용추출물(水溶抽出物)에 대한 벼, 피, 바랭이 및 상추의 제초활성검정(除草活性檢定)과 지방산(脂肪酸) 성분(成分)과 페놀성 물질(物質)을 분리(分離) 동정(同定)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 은행잎 수용(水溶) 추출물(抽出物)은 벼, 피, 바랭이, 상추의 발아(發芽)와 생육(生育)을 크게 억제(抑制)시켰으며, 특히 20% 수용추출액(水溶抽出液)인 경우는 억제효과(抑制效果)가 뛰어났다. 초록과 노란은행잎 수요 추출물간의 생리활성정도는 별 차이가 없었다. 2. 은행잎의 지방산(脂肪酸)을 검정(檢定)한 결과(結果), 지방산(脂肪酸)이 검정(檢定)되었으며, 그 중에서도 Linolenic acid, Palmitic acid가 많이 포함(包含)되어 있었다. 또한 계절에 따라 은행잎에 함유(含有)된 지방산(脂肪酸)의 함량(含量)이 다소 변화(變化)함을 알 수 있었다. 3. GLC로 phenolic acids를 동정(同定)한 결과(結果), 모든 fraction에서 Salicylic acid의 높은 비율(比率)을 관찰(觀察)할 수 있었으며, 또한 p-coumaric acid, phloroglucinol 등도 검정(檢定)되었다.

• 한국가정과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가정과학회 1997년도 가정과학회 총회 및 학술대회
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• pp.39-43
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• 1997

토하젓은 식품 우수성 및 식품안전성을 갖춘 전남의 전통 발효식품이다. 아직까지 토하젓은 가격이 비싸며, 지역적 상품에 불과하므로 토하젓의 일반화 · 대중화를 위해 발효된 토하젓과 완숙된 토마토를 주 원료로하여 토하젓 소스 개발에 대한 연구를 실시하였다. 토하젓은 $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$에서 2개월 이상 숙성시킨 것으로 믹서에 갈았으며, 완숙된 토마토는 삶아서 여과 가열, 농축시켜 소스를 만들어 사용했다. 믹서에 간 토하젓화 토마토 소스를 여러비율로 혼합하여 적정 혼합비율인 토하젓 1 : 토마토 소스 4를 선택한 뒤 이에 고추장, 에틸알코올 및 전분 paste를 첨가하여 관능적, 기계적 특성을 조사하였다. 1. 토하젓 소스의 회분과 염도는 토하젓 일정량에 대해 토마토 소스의 함량이 적을수록 높았으며, pH는 낮게 나타났다. 2. 관능검사에서 토마토 소스의 첨가량이 많을수록 색, 외관, 신냄새, 신맛, 부드러움, 점성 및 전체적인 기호도가 증가하였고 첨가량이 적을수록 부패냉새, 짠맛, 부패맛이 증가하였다. 3. 고추장이 첨가된 토하젓 소스에서는 고추장 첨가량이 많올수록 외관(p

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2008

본 시험은 동물 복지 차원에서 절식에 의한 강제 환우를 지양하고 사료를 급여하는 강제 환우 방법이 산란계의 생산성 및 난질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 60주령 White Leghorn 산란계 400수를 공시하여 34주간 실시하였다. 처리구는 관행적으로 절식한 환우구(C), 옥수수 단일 사료 급여(T1), 밀기울 단일 사료 급여(T2) 및 알팔파 단일 사료를 급여(T3)한 4처리로서, 처리구당 5반복, 반복당 20수씩 철제 케이지에 완전임의 배치하였다. 시험 결과 산란율 및 1일 산란량은 산란 후 $1{\sim}4$주간에만 T1에서 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였으나(P<0.05), 전 시험 기간 동안에는 강제 환우 방법간에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 사료 섭취량은 $1{\sim}4$주에 T1에서 대조구에 비하여 통계적으로 감소하였으나(P<0.05), 전 시험 기간에는 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 또한, 사료 요구율도 전 시험 기간 동안 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 난각 두께는 산란 후 10, 14주에 옥수수만을 급여한 T1구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 개선되었으나(P<0.05), 26주에는 옥수수(T1)와 밀기울(T2)만을 급여한 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 난각 강도와 호우 유니트는 환우 방법에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 난황색은 6주에 T1구와 T2구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였으나(P<0.05), 18주에는 T1구와 T2구가 대조구나 T3구에 비하여 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 시험 결과 사료 급여와 절식을 이용한 강제 환우 방법간에 생산성에서는 커다란 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 난질에서도 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 또한 사료 급여를 이용한 강제 환우에서는 알팔파만을 단독으로 급이한 강제 환우 방법이 옥수수나 밀기울을 급여한 강제 환우 방법보다는 생산성에서 통계적으로 유의차는 보이지 않았으나 우수한 경향을 보였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.1503-1510
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• 2020

Ultra-low noise charge sensitive amplifiers (CSAs) based on various types of circuit board substrates, such as FR4, Teflon, and ceramics (Al₂O₃) with two different designs, PA1 and PA2, have been developed. They were tested to see the noise effect from the dielectric loss of the substrate capacitance before and after irradiation. If the electronic noise from the CSAs is to be minimized and the energy resolution enhanced, the shaping time has to be optimized for the detector, and a small feedback capacitance of the CSA is favorable for a better SNR. Teflon- and ceramic-based PA1 design CSAs showed better noise performance than the FR4-based one, but the Teflon-based PA1 design showed better sensitivity than ceramic based one at a low detector capacitance (<10 pF). In the PA2 design, the equivalent noise and the sensitivity were 0.52 keV FWHM for a silicon detector and 7.2 mV/fC, respectively, with 2 ㎲ peaking time and 0.1 pF detector capacitance. After 10, 100, 10³, 10⁴, and 10⁵ Gy irradiation the ENC and sensitivity characteristics of the developed CSAs based on three different substrate materials are also discussed.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.258-269
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• 2002

2-Thiouracil-5-sulfonylchloride 1 reacted with a series of aromatic and heterocyclic amines to give 2a-j. The same compound 1 was reacted with a series of sulphonamides giving different sulphonamides of type 3a-e. On the other hand compound 1 was allowed to react with p-aminoacetophenone givining compound 4 which in turn was allowed to react with derivatives of alkyl thiosemicarbazides to give thiosemicarbazones of type 5a-e, also compound 4 was monobrominated to give compound 6 which in turn was reacted thiosemicarbazones of some aldehydes to give the corresponding thiazole derivatives 7a-f. In the same time compound 4 was reacted with a series of aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes givining chalcones 8a-g (Claisen-Schemidt reaction). Also compound 4 was allowed to react with a series of aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes, ethyl cyano acetate and/or malononitrile, and ammonium acetate giving pyridine derivatives 9a-d and 10a-e respectively. The biological effects of some of the new synthesized compounds was also investigated.

• 생약학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.129-135
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• 1985

In order to search for potential antidotes for T-2 toxin poisoning, seven Chinese herbal drug extracts and five natural constituents were tested on mice intoxicated with T-2 toxin. When extracts of Panax ginseng and Atractylodes japonica (500 mg/kg) were administered p.o. once 3 hrs before and once 1 hr after T-2 toxin treatment, a 30% complete survival rate was noted. In case of Paeonia albiflora var. typica, a 30% complete survival rate was also produced at a dose of 250 mg/kg. Other extracts, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, Rehmannia glutinosa and Plantago asiatica exhibited no significant protection from the T-2 toxin poisoning. A nucleoside, thymidine showed protective activity against T-2 toxin toxicity and it produced a 40% complete survival rate when administered i.p. once 0.5 hr after T-2 toxin treatment. Other natural constituents, aucubin, vitamin C and E, and lipoic acid did not show any significant protective activities.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2007

본 연구는 잣 부산물의 급여가 산란계의 산란율, 계란 품질, 혈청 콜레스테롤 및 난황 내 총 콜레스테롤과 지방산 함량에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보기 위하여 시험을 실시하였다. 사양 시험은 51주령 Hy-line Brown 252수를 공시하였으며 5주간 실시하였다. 1) T1(기초 사료 + 미루나무톱밥 1%), 2) T2(기초 사료 + 잣 부산물 0.5% + 미루나무톱밥 0.5%) 및 3) T3(기초 사료 + 잣 부산물 1%)로 3개 처리를 하여 처리당 7반복, 반복당 12수씩 완전 임의 배치하였다. 전체 사양 시험 기간 동안 산란율, 난중 및 계란 품질은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 혈청 내 총 콜레스테롤, HDL, LDL 콜레스테롤 및 triglyceride의 함량 및 변화량은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 난황 내 콜레스테롤 함량은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 난황 내 지방산 함량에 있어서 ${\alpha}$-linoleic acid은 T1처리구가 T3처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나(P<0.05), Total SFA, total PUFA, total MUFA 및 total UFA/SFA는 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로, 산란계 사료 내 잣 부산물의 첨가 급여는 ${\alpha}$-linoleic acid 함량에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.320-326
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• 2018

Background: Explosive puffing can induce changes in the chemical, nutritional, and sensory quality of red ginseng. The antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts of red ginseng and puffed red ginseng were determined in bulk oil and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Methods: Bulk oils were heated at $60^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ and O/W emulsions were treated under riboflavin photosensitization. In vitro antioxidant assays, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhudrazyl, 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ferric reducing antioxidant power, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content, were also performed. Results: The total ginsenoside contents of ethanolic extract from red ginseng and puffed red ginseng were 42.33 mg/g and 49.22 mg/g, respectively. All results from above in vitro antioxidant assays revealed that extracts of puffed red ginseng had significantly higher antioxidant capacities than those of red ginseng (p < 0.05). Generally, extracts of puffed red and red ginseng had high antioxidant properties in riboflavin photosensitized O/W emulsions. However, in bulk oil systems, extracts of puffed red and red ginseng inhibited or accelerated rates of lipid oxidation, depending on treatment temperature and the type of assay used. Conclusion: Although ethanolic extracts of puffed red ginseng showed stronger antioxidant capacities than those of red ginseng when in vitro assays were used, more pro-oxidant properties were observed in bulk oils and O/W emulsions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1584-1592
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• 2000

Three hundred nursery pigs were used in two growth assays (avg initial BW of 6.5 and 6.0 kg, respectively) to determine the effects of sodium sulfite ($Na_2SO_3$) as an extrusion aid for soy products used in diets for weanling pigs. In Exp. 1, treatments were arranged as $3{\times}2$ factorial with main effects of soy product [soybean meal (SBM), extruded SBM, and dry-extruded whole soybeans (DEWS)] and concentration of $Na_2SO_3$ (0 and 10 g/kg of soy product). The extruded SBM and DEWS treatments were processed in a dry extruder ($Insta-Pro^{(R)} $, Triple F Nutrition, Des Moines, IA) with barrel temperatures and throughputs of $169^{\circ}C$ and 578 kg/h, and $147^{\circ}C$ and 598 kg/h, respectively. All diets were formulated to 3.5 Mcal/kg DE, with 0.92% lysine for d 0 to 14, and 0.76% lysine for d 14 to 28. For d 0 to 14, there was a tendency for pigs fed diets with $Na_2SO_3$ to have greater ADG (p<0.08), and pigs fed SBM to have greater ADFI (p<0.02), thus pigs fed the extruded soy products has 15% greater gain/feed than those fed SBM (p<0.007). For d 14 to 28, there were no differences in ADG or gain/feed among pigs fed diets with SBM and those fed diets with the extruded soy products (p>0.15). However, pigs fed DEWS had greater ADG than pigs fed extruded SBM, and pigs fed $Na_2SO_3$ had greater ADG and ADFI compared to those not fed $Na_2SO_3$ (p<0.02 and 0.08, respectively). The positive response in ADG and gain/feed to the addition of $Na_2SO_3$ resulted with SBM and extruded SBM treatments, and not with DEWS (interaction effect, p<0.04). Overall (d 0 to 28), pigs fed DEWS had greater ADG (p<0.01) and gain/feed (p<0.08) than pigs fed extruded SBM. Also pigs fed diets with $Na_2SO_3$ had greater ADG, ADFI, and gain/feed compared to those fed diets without $Na_2SO_3$ (p<0.002, 0.04, and 0.04, respectively). Exp. 2 was designed as a $2{\times}3$ factorial with main effects of soy product (SBM and DEWS) and concentration of $Na_2SO_3$ (none, 7.5, and 15.0 g/kg of soy product). As in Exp. 1, all diets were formulated to 3.5 Mcal/kg DE, with 0.92% lysine for d 0 to 13, and 0.76% lysine for d 13 to 53. At a constant processing temperature (148 to $149^{\circ}C$, $Na_2SO_3$ increased throughput of the extruder (578, 595, and 602 kg/h for the 0, 7.5, and 15.0 g/kg additions, respectively). For d 0 to 13, treatment had no effect on ADG or ADFI, but gain/feed decreased for pigs fed SBM with increasing concentrations of $Na_2SO_3$, and increased for pigs fed DEWS with increasing concentrations of $Na_2SO_3$ (SBM vs DEWS sulfite quadratic interaction, p<0.03). For d 13 to 35, pigs fed DEWS had greater ADG (p<0.01) and gain/feed (p<0.001) than pigs fed SBM. Also, ADFI decreased and gain/feed increased with increasing concentrations of $Na_2SO_3$ (linear effects, p<0.04 and 0.01, respectively). Overall, pigs fed the diets with DEWS had greater ADG and gain/feed than pigs fed SBM (p<0.003 and 0.002, respectively), and $Na_2SO_3$ tended to decrease ADFI and increase gain/feed (linear effects, p<0.07 and 0.06, respectively). In conclusion, pigs fed DEWS had greater rate and efficiency of gain than pigs fed SBM. Also, adding $Na_2SO_3$ prior to extrusion increased yield and feed efficiency.