• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patient perception of clinical nutrition service. The research was performed by using questionnaires and conducted from February 14 to March 15 at 42 hospitals (over 400 beds). 41.7% of patients experienced nutritional education and counseling. The mean score of the patients' perception on clinical nutritional service was 4.62/5.00 for "nutrition care is important for treatment of the disease", 4.49/5.00 for "diet therapy is necessary for treatment of the disease", 4.16/5.00 for "nutritional counseling call-centers are necessary", 4.13/5.00 for "nutritional consultation fee is required to apply insurance benefits", 4.12/5.00 for "one-to-one nutrition system is necessary", and 3.56/5.00 for "nutrition services I am willing to pay". The patients who had no past experience in nutritional education and counseling showed significantly higher scores for "nutrition care is important for treatment of the disease", "one-to-one nutritional care system is necessary", and "nutritional counseling call-centers are necessary" (P<0.05). The mean scores for the importance (4.26/5.00) and performance (3.88/5.00) of nutrition counseling service were significantly different (P<0.01). "Nutritional counseling is available whenever I want" had the highest gap score between performance and importance among nutrition counseling service items. The importance and performance grid showed that highly important items had high performance (doing great area) and less important items have low performance (low priority).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.449-454
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• 2006

This research was planned and executed to evaluate how the nutritional composition and antioxidants contents and antioxidative activity of Hongsambak. Also, can effect health conditions of people who are suffering from diet-related disease like obesity and hyperlipidemia by taking healthy foods with Hongsambak in a form of nutritional supplement with our daily meals. With this observation, we found out that Hongsambak has high content of dietary fiber and effect on antioxidative activity. We concluded that we could apply the components in a form of various foods. The information we received from this conclusion will be a basic information on how we can apply oriental medicinal resources into other foods and in the field of functional food research, which already draes sizable attention world-wide.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1236-1243
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nutritional status of protein and lipids in the patients with alcoholic liver disease, to find an effective way of dietary management for patients with alcoholic liver disease and to obtain the materials for nutritional education for alcoholics. The subjects consist of 80 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis(ALC) and 12 patients with alcoholic fatty liver(AFL). The control group included 57 alcoholics without liver disease(A), 32 patients with viral liver cir rhosis(VLC) and 194 normal(NL). Biochemical evaluation of nutritional status was performed by ana lyzing the profiles of protein and lipids in blood samples. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The frequency of subjects below the normal range of serum total protein was 26.3% in ALC, 16.7% in AFL and 3.5% in A. Serum albumin was lower in 41.3% of ALC. 2) The alcoholics without liver disease showed significantly higher level of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol than the other groups. The alcoholic subjects had lower HDL cholesterol than normal subjects. Overall, the protein and lipids status of the alcoholic subjects in this study was evaluated to be very poor on the basis of biochemical assessments. The results suggest that alcohol abuse and poor dietary intake could cause malnutrition. An extensive nutritional education should be emphasized for the alcohol consuming population. High quality of protein and other dietary intakes from early stage of the disease may be effective in nutritional therapy for the patient with alcoholic liver disease.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2023

Glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) deficiency syndrome (DS) is a metabolic brain disorder caused by a deficiency resulting from SLC2A1 gene mutation and is characterized by abnormal brain metabolism and associated metabolic encephalopathy. Reduced glucose supply to the brain leads to brain damage, resulting in delayed neurodevelopment in infancy and symptoms such as eye abnormalities, microcephaly, ataxia, and rigidity. Treatment options for GLUT1 DS include ketogenic diet (KD), pharmacotherapy, and rehabilitation therapy. Of these, KD is an essential and the most important treatment method as it promotes brain neurodevelopment by generating ketone bodies to produce energy. This case is a focused study on intensive KD nutritional intervention for an infant diagnosed with GLUT1 DS at Gangnam Severance Hospital from May 2022 to January 2023. During the initial hospitalization, nutritional intervention was performed to address poor intake via the use of concentrated formula and an attempt was made to introduce complementary feeding. After the second hospitalization and diagnosis of GLUT1 DS, positive effects on the infant's growth and development, nutritional status, and seizure control were achieved with minimal side effects by implementing KD nutritional intervention and adjusting the type and dosage of anticonvulsant medications. In conclusion, for patients with GLUT1 DS, it is important to implement a KD with an appropriate ratio of ketogenic to nonketogenic components to supply adequate energy. Furthermore, individualized and intensive nutritional management is necessary to improve growth, development, and nutritional status.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.852-862
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were 1) to review the Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) Act of the United States, 2) to introduce the efforts of the American Dietetic Association (ADA) to expand the Medicare coverage for MNT and 3) to provide information about the reimbursement under Medicare Part B for the cost of MNT. The MNT Act defined MNT services as “the nutritional diagnostic, therapeutic, and counseling services provided by a Registered Dietitian or nutritional professional for the purpose of managing diabetes or renal diseases”. Also, the MNT Act defined “conditions for coverage of MNT”, “limitations on coverage of MNT”, and “qualifications of MNT service provider”. To expand the coverage of Medicare to include MNT, the ADA realized the need for development of a protocol for MNT, as well as studies to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the MNT protocol developed. Therefore, the ADA supported the studies to develop a strong database of scientific investigations of nutritional services. Furthermore, the ADA needed credible data that could be used by Policy makers, so the ADA contracted with the Lewin Group to if out the study to gather the additional data needed to strengthen the ADA's position. In the report of the Lewin Group, which was entitled, “The Cost of Covering Medical Nutrition Therapy under Medicare : 1998 through 2004”, it was concluded, that if coverage for MNT in the Part B portion of Medicare had begun in 1998, by 2004, approximately $ 2.3 billion would have been saved through reduced hospital spending under Part A of Medicare ($ 1.2 billion) and reduced physician visits under Part B ($ 1.1 billion) Effective January 1 2002, the US Congress extended Medicare coverage to include MNT to beneficiaries with diabetes or renal diseases. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) established the duration and frequency for the MNT based on published reports or generally accepted protocols (for example, protocols suggested by the ADA). The number of hours covered by Medicare is 3 hours for the initial MNT and 2 hours for a follow-up MM. In 2002, a Medicare coverage policy was made to define the Physician's Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes 97802, 97803, and 97804 for MNT.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2004

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is characterized by a not entirely reversible limitation in the airflow. An airflow limitation is progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to gases and harmful particles. In COPD, the weight loss is commonly observed and there is a negative impact on the respiratory as well as skeletal muscle function. The pathophysiological mechanisms that result in weight loss in COPD are not fully understood. However, the mechanisms of weight loss in COPD may be the result of an increased energy expenditure unbalanced by an adequate dietary intake. The commonly occurring weight loss and muscle wasting in COPD patients adversely affect the respiratory and peripheral muscle function, the exercise capacity, the health status, and even the survival rates. Therefore, it is very valuable to include management strategies that the increase energy balance in order to increase the weight and fat free mass. A Better understanding of the molecular and cellular pathological mechanisms of COPD can improve the many new directions for both the basic and clinical investigations. The Nutritional supply is an important components of a multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation program. Future studies combining an exercise program, the role of anabolic steroids, nutritional individualization, a more targeted nutritional therapy, and the development of new drugs including anti-cytokines is needed for the effective management of COPD.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.11
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• pp.339-347
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• 2018

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by abrupt deterioration of renal function, and its diagnosis relies on creatinine measurements and urine output. AKI is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, and is a risk factor for development of chronic kidney disease. There is no proven medication for AKI. Therefore, prevention and early detection are important. Physicians should be aware of the risk factors for AKI and should monitor renal function in high-risk patients. Management of AKI includes optimization of volume status and renal perfusion, avoidance of nephrotoxic agents, and sufficient nutritional support. Continuous renal replacement therapy is widely available for critically ill children, and this review provides basic information regarding this therapy. Long-term follow-up of patients with AKI for renal function, blood pressure, and proteinuria is recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2003

Although medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is considered as a cornerstone of medical treatment for hypercholesterolemia, few studies have evaluated medical and economical outcome of MNT. This study was conducted to identify whether MNT administered by registered dieticians could lead to a beneficial clinical and cost outcome in persons with hypercholesterolemia. A prospective clinical trial was carried out at outpatient clinics, which involved an initial visit with a dietitian followed by another visit at first 4 weeks during the 6 weeks study periods. Thirty-nine subjects took part in a 6 weeks nutrition intervention program. Clinical and economical outcomes were compared before and after MNT. Medical nutrition therapy lowered total serum cholesterol level 6.1% (P<0.05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) 9.4% (P<0.05) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) 3.0% (P<0.05). The cost-effective ratio was ￦ 1,520/cholesterol mg/dl and ￦ 1,441/LDL-cholesterol mg/dl, respectively. After dietitian's intervention, lipid drug eligibility was obviated in 16 of 39(41%) subjects. The cost savings from the avoidance of lipid medications was ￦ 151,107 per patient annually. In conclusion, it is suggested that provision of systemic intensive nutritional care for persons with hypercholesterolemia has significant effects on serum cholesterol reduction and clinical cost savings.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.68-80
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• 1996

Long-term hemodialysis(HD) patients manifest various signs of protein and caloric malutrition due to poor intake of nutrients and other causes. Poor nutritional status increases the mortality and morbidity rates in HD patients. Thus, mataintnance of adequate nutritional status has been a major task in taking care of patients receiving HD. This study was to evaluate the nutritional status of HD patients and to clarify the degree of nutritional deficit based on usual dietary intake, anthropometric and biochemical indicators. Sixty HD patients comprised a HD group, while the control group consisted of 60 healthy adults whose age and sex matched those of the HD group. Nutritional status was evaluated by dietrary intake using instant nutritional scale, anthropometric measures, serum protein concentrations and the number of lymphocytes. The data were analyzed by using Chi-square test and unpaired t-test. The results are as follows. 1. Regarding usual dietary intake of HD group. 1) Estimated caloric intake was significantly lower than the recommended daily allowance(RDA) and among them, 35% were taking calories less than 85% of the RDA. 2) Estimated protein intake was significantly higher than the RDA and among them 40% were taking protein more than 115% of the RDA. 3) Estimated fat intake was lower than the RDA. 4) Vitamin A, B, $B_1,\;B_2$, C and niacin in take was lower than the RDA respectively. 5) Estimated ferrous intake was within the normal limit the RDA while estimated calcium intake was higher than the RDA. 6) Both calorie and protein intake were higher for the 10 patients who had been under continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis than for the patients under HD from the beginning. 2. Regarding anthropometric measures : 1) Body mass index(BMI), midarm circumference(MAC), and triceps skinfold thickness(TSF) were lower in the HD group than in the control group. 2) Among HD group, 47.1% were within the normal limit of BMI, while 86.7% were within the same limit in the control group. 3) Among HD group, 35.0% were within the normal limit of MAC, while 83.3% were within the same limit in the control group. 4) Among HD group, only 8.3% were normal, 30.3% were mild deficit status of TSF, while 50% were normal and 48.3% were mild deficit status in the control group. 3. Regarding biochemical laboratory tests 1) Albumin, transferrin concentrations and the number of lymphocytes were lower in HD group than in the control group. 2) Among HD group, 98.3% were within the normal limit of albumin concentration and all were within the same limit in the control group. 3) Among HD group, only 11.7% were within the normal limit of transferrin concentration, while 81.7% were within the same limit in the control group. 4) Among HD group, 25% were within the normal limit, while 93.3% were within the same limit in the control group. The above findings suggest that HD patients were in nutritional deficit status. Adequate diet therapy and periodical evaluation of the nutritional status in HD patients are needed. Accordingly, it turned out that anthropometric measures were very reliable parameters and easy to use to evaluate nutritional status. So nurses are encouraged to adopt anthropometric measures to examine nutritional deficit status of HD patients.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2013

Objective: The study evaluated the impact of pharmacist inventions with the implementation of pharmacistinvolved nutritional support service at neonate intensive care unit in a tertiary teaching hospital. Method: A retrospective and observational study was carried out. The total of 58 infants in neonate intensive care unit was enrolled between January 2011 and October 2012. The pharmacist-involved total parenteral nutritional program was initiated in June of 2012. During the program, pharmacist actively participated in the multidisciplinary round with performing the interventions from reviewing the amount of combined total parenteral nutrition and enteral fluid intakes, the amount of total calories, the glucose infusion rate, and the amounts of proteins per weight in kilogram. The outcome was compared with the results from the control group which reflected the prior period of the program initiation. Result: The number of days of regaining birth weight was significantly shorter (14.5 vs. 19 days, p=0.049) and the percentage of total calorie days with >90 kcal/kg/day was increased significantly (40 vs. 13%, p=0.008) in intervention group compared to the values in control group. In addition, the total mean daily caloric intakes ($84.78{\pm}13.8$ vs. $74.86{\pm}15.36$ kcal/kg/day, p=0.018) was significantly higher in intervention group than those results in control group. There were no significant differences in safety parameters between two groups related to nutritional services of necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, proven sepsis, and also parenteral nutrition-induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusion: Pharmacist-involved total parenteral nutrition managed program was successfully implemented. The outcome showed the improved effectiveness of total parenteral nutrition with pharmacist interventions and no differences in adverse reactions. This could prove the positive effects of pharmacist involvement on nutritional therapy for neonate population.