• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.73 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2012

Background: The prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is steadily decreasing in South Korea. However, PTB is a disease with relatively high mortality and morbidity rates throughout Korea. Although there are many studies and statistics about the risk factors of PTB mortality in many countries, there are only a limited number of domestic papers on this topic. The aim of this study is to determine predictive factors for mortality among in-hospital patients associated with PTB. Methods: From December 2006 to January 2011, we reviewed medical records of 2,122 adult patients diagnosed with tuberculosis at a single tertiary hospital in a suburban area. In this study period, 960 patients were diagnosed with PTB by positive Acid fast bacilli smear and/or mycobacterial culture of the respiratory specimen. We compared the groups of patients deceased and patients discharged alive with PTB. The number of dead patients was 82 (47 males, 35 females). Results: Mortality was significantly associated with increased values of white blood cells (WBC), blood urine nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP), numbers of involved lung field, and length of hospitalization. Also, it was associated with the decreased values of hemoglobin, lymphocyte, sodium, albumin, and cholesterol. Furthermore, admission through the emergency department, initial intensive care unit admission, and drug resistant PTB affected mortality in PTB patients. Independent predictors associated with PTB mortality are BUN, initial intensive care unit care, and admission during treatment of tuberculosis. Conclusion: In our study, mortality of pulmonary tuberculosis was related with parameters associated with nutritional status, disease severity at the time of admission, and drug resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.716-723
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• 1993

This study was carried out to estimate intake level of Pb, Fe, Cu in rural area of Korea(12 males and 18 females). Analyses for the nutritional status of the record, duplicated diet collections, 24-hour urine collections, and venous blood sampling before measuring of blood pressure. The mean age and blood pressure of the subjects were 45.8$\pm$11.1years and 117.5$\pm$22.2/80.8$\pm$15.6mmHe in males, and 41.9$\pm$11.0years, 110.0$\pm$ 11.9/73.9$\pm$8.5mmHg in females, respectively. In respect to both males and females, mean BMI were 22.0$\pm$2.3, 23.1$\pm$3.0, mean Rohrer index were 131.8$\pm$14.8, 142.4$\pm$20.2 and mean skinfold thickness were 12.4$\pm$5.9mm, 25.3$\pm$7.4mm, respectively. The daily mean intakes of Pb, Fe, and Cu estimated for 3 days were 277.2$\pm$111.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/day, 12.7$\mu\textrm{g}$ 7.6mg/day, and 3.0$\pm$1.4mg/day in males and 192.0$\pm$72.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/day, 13.3$\pm$5.8mg/day, and 3.7 $\pm$1.7mg/day in females, respectively. The mean concentrations of serum Pb, Fe, Cu were 11.0$\pm$2.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 131.1$\pm$42.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 120.3$\pm$25.7$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl in males and 9.0$\pm$1.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 112.2$\pm$ 35.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 117.3$\pm$17.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl in females, respectively. The mean levels of Hb and Hct were 15.1$\pm$1.1g/dl, 45.2$\pm$3.3% in males and 13.1$\pm$0.8g/dl, 39.8$\pm$2.6% in females, respectively. The 24-hour urinary excretions of Pb, Fe, Cu were 35.5$\pm$10.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/day, 0.16$\pm$0.12mg/day, 60.12$\pm$0.02$\mu\textrm{g}$/day in males, and 25.3$\pm$11.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/day, 0.24$\pm$0.20mg/day, 70.07$\pm$0.03$\mu\textrm{g}$/day in females, respectively. In conclusion, the Pb intake in self selected diet of this subjects was not in the level that antagonized to Fe and Cu metabolism seriously.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.710-718
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• 2017

Contents of water soluble vitamin $B_6$ in a total of 62 agricultural products cultivated in local areas in Korea were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC/FLD). To verify the method of vitamin $B_6$ analysis, a quality control chart was formulated with in-house control using a mixture of broccoli and shiitake mushrooms. Among cereals, high content of vitamin $B_6$ measured $234.3{\sim}260.3{\mu}g/100g$ in dried mung bean and soybean. Vitamin $B_6$ content of non-glutinous and glutinous black rice measured $105.0{\mu}g/100g$ and $129.7{\mu}g/100g$, respectively. In vegetables, high content of vitamin $B_6$ were measured in passion fruit ($104.3{\mu}g/100g$), gat ($55.7{\sim}84.3{\mu}g/100g$), gomchwi ($31.3{\sim}88.0{\mu}g/100g$) and garlic ($72.7{\sim}98.3{\mu}g/100g$). Among fruits, gold kiwi 'Zespri' and green kiwi 'Hayward' revealed high vitamin $B_6$ content of $116.3{\mu}g/100g$ and $78.7{\mu}g/100g$, respectively. In persimmons, daebongsi had high vitamin $B_6$ content ($36.0{\sim}72.7{\mu}g/100g$) than bansi and sweet persimmon. Vitamin $B_6$ content in dried jujube and persimmon increased more than $86.7{\mu}g/100g$ compared to fresh materials. Among specialty crops, green tea powder ($64.7{\sim}251.0{\mu}g/100g$) and sansuyu ($172.3{\mu}g/100g$) revealed high content. Of mushrooms, vitamin $B_6$ content of Sparassis crispa ($139.3{\mu}g/100g$) was the highest. Vitamin $B_6$ content information of agricultural products in local areas in Korea collected from this experiment will be used as valuable preliminary data for grasp national nutritional status.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1052-1060
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• 2003

Poor dietary habits and inadequate nutrient intakes are of concern in the elderly, even it is worse in rural areas. In the present study, we conducted the anthropometric measurement and the dietary intakes including macronutrients, minerals and vitamins to assess the nutrient intakes and nutritional risk in elderly people in rural kyungpook province in South Korea. Subjects (n = 168, mean age, 67.3 yrs) were interviewed using d general questionnaire and 3 days of 24-hours recall for dietary intake. Nutrient intakes were analyzed using CAN-pro soft program and compared to Korean RDA and nutrition reference values (NRV). The anthropometric measurement showed that the weight and the height of the subjects in the rural area were below the average of the same age of Korean elderly people. The energy and protein intakes were 85％ and 90％ of Korean RDA, respectively. The intakes of lipid, cholesterol and dietary fiber were 62％, 40％ and 22％ of NRV for Korean adults. Main sources for protein and lipid intakes came from the vegetable sources and this pattern was more prominent in female elderly people. Ca intake was half of Korean RDA (56％), while P intake was 132％ of Korean RDA. For the antioxidant trace mineral (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Se) intakes, Fe and Zn intakes were 78％ and > 103％ of Korean RDA. Cu, Mn and Se intakes were > 113％, > 275％, and > 185％ of Korean NRV. Thiamin, niacin and vitamin C intakes were above Korean RDA, but the intakes of vitamin A and riboflavin were 88％ and 63％ of Korean RDA, respectively. On summarizing the results of the present study, the elderly people in rural area consume less lipid, cholesterol, Ca, and dietary fiber. Ca intake is lower, while P intake is higher, and this would be the potential risk for bone health. Also, Na intake was high, which can be the potential risk for the cardiovascular disease prevailance. Vitamin intakes were fairly good status, excepting riboflavin. Antioxidant mineral intakes were much higher than Korean NRV, unexpectedly. The results suggest that the elderly people in rural area have inadequate intakes of protein, lipid, dietary fiber and Ca, which mainly should be supplied from animal products. Recommendations to increase diet variety would be emphasized for this nutritionally poor-conditioned subjects, specially including animal food products and high dietary fiber food.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.470-478
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate dietary factors, bone status, and bone loss in postmenopausal women in rural areas. A total of 189 women participated in the follow-up study after two years. Radius, Tibia, and Phalanx SOS (Speed of Sound) was measured on two occasions 2 years apart by ultra-sonic-metry, and % body fat was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis at the baseline and after 2years. Dietary intake data were collected 4 times at different season by 24-hour recall method, and then calculated as average. Bone density of radius decreased by 4.2% during the two year period. When the subjects were divided into three groups, by bone decline level during two years, the lowest bone loss group had higher potassium and vegetable intake than other groups. Age and calcium intakes showed significant correlation with bone decline rate at tibia. In multiple regressions, the baseline SOS, vitamin A, vegetables and eggs intakes were found to be significant factors for tibia bone decline. In conclusion, dietary factors, such as higher vegetable intake, seem to affect the changes in bone mineral density in more favorable way. Therefore, efforts are needed to enhance the access to nutritional care for rural elderly postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.166-176
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate consumption of health functional food (HFF) and dietary habits, nutrient intake, and dietary quality by HFF consumption in college students. The subjects of this study included 283 college students (179 males and 104 females) in Incheon metropolitan city. The cross-sectional study was conducted using self-reported questionnaires, including kinds of HFF consumed, motivation for purchase, reason for consumption, effect after consumption, reason for no consumption, and dietary habits. A three-day recall method was used for dietary assessment. Dietary qualities were assessed using nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), mean adequacy ratio (MAR), and nutrient density (ND) values. The percentage of HFF consumption was 40.2% in males and 50.0% in females. The main kinds of HFF consumed by males were vitamins and minerals, red ginseng, protein, and omega-3 fatty acid, in that order. HFF consumed by females were vitamins and minerals, red ginseng, omega-3 fatty acid, and individually approved functional ingredients, in that order. The main motivation for purchase of HFF was recommendation of family and relatives (males 76.4% and females 78.8%). The main reason for consumption of HFF was health promotion (males 67.7% and females 63.5%) and the main reason for no consumption of HFF was not having a health problem (males 49.5% and females 46.2%). The dietary habit score for 'eat the milk or dairy product everyday' (p < 0.05) in females was significantly higher in HFF consumers, compared to HFF non-consumers. In males, the ND of vitamin B1 (p < 0.05) in HFF consumers was significantly higher compared to HFF non-consumers. In females, HFF consumers showed a significantly higher ND of vitamin B2 (p < 0.05) and Ca (p < 0.01), compared to HFF non-consumers. Regardless of HFF consumption, the NAR of vitamin C, folic acid, and Ca was less than 0.7. These results suggest the need for nutrition education for college students in order to improve dietary habits and for balanced nutritional status, and to provide correct information on HFF.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.712-720
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine whether any correlation exists between the dental health capacity and preferred foods of Korean senior citizens over the age of 65 years. The 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were used. Tissue health index (T-health), Sound teeth (ST), Functioning teeth index (FS-T), Present teeth (PT), and Missing teeth (MT) were used as variables to assess the dental health capacity of the elderly. Preferred foods of the elderly included 63 foods that were categorized as cereals, pulses and roots, meat and poultry, fish, vegetables, sea algae, fruits, milk and dairy products, cream and sugar, and other foods. For data analysis, the weighted average was taken into consideration to generate planning files, and then complex sample analysis were conducted. For statistical analysis, frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and compound specimen linear regression analysis were conducted. T-health score was significantly high in the group with high preference for cereals, fruits, and other foods. In terms of age and economic status, 65~69 years, 70~74 years, and mid to low range in the income ranges scored high in T-health. ST score was significant in the group that preferred cereals, other foods; the corresponding demographic profiles represent 65~69 years, 70~74 years, and the mid-range income communities. FS-T was significant in relation with a preference for fruits, creams and sugars, other foods; the scores were also high for 65~69 years, 70~74 years, and mid-low to low income groups. PT and MT were significant in the group that preferred cereals and fruits; the same applied for 65~69 years, 70~74 years, and mid-low to low income individuals (p<0.05). Food preferences seemed to vary depending on the dental health state of the elderly, and the dental health state of the elderly may act as a risk factor for nutritional imbalance.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.393-400
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• 2021

Body weight of livestock is a crucial indicator for assessing feed requirements and nutritional status. This study was performed to estimate the body weight of Korean cattle (Hanwoo) using body volume determined from three-dimensional (3-D) image. A TOF camera with a resolution of 640×480 pixels, a frame rate of 44 fps and a field of view of 47°(H)×37°(V) was used to capture the 3-D images for Hanwoo. A grid image of the body was obtained through preprocessing such as separating the body from background and removing outliers from the obtained 3-D image. The body volume was determined by numerical integration using depth information to individual grid. The coefficient of determination for a linear regression model of body weight and body volume for calibration dataset was 0.8725. On the other hand, the coefficient of determination was 0.9083 in a multiple regression model for estimating body weight, in which the age of Hanwoo was added to the body volume as an explanatory variable. Mean absolute percentage error and root mean square error in the multiple regression model to estimate the body weight for validation dataset were 8.2% and 24.5kg, respectively. The performance of the regression model for weight estimation was improved and the effort required for estimating body weight could be reduced as the body volume of Hanwoo was used. From these results obtained, it was concluded that the body volume determined from 3-D of Hanwoo could be used as an effective variable for estimating body weight.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.1355-1361
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• 2021

Digestibility of pet food can affect the health of dog, especially of aged animals. To maintain the health of dogs in an overall good status it is necessary to provide nutritionally balanced food. For example, the digestibility of dogs was known to be decreased along aging. In addition, losing teethes is an often event in aged dogs that could induce a problem to eat a large size dry pet food. Nonetheless, few detailed information is available on the most suited feeding for aged dogs. As part of the nutritional study of food for aged dogs, in this study, we tested whether food type impacts on digestibility on adult versus senior dogs. The methodology to measure the digestibility of nutrients was chosen the index method using chromium oxide. Dogs were fed the same commercial dry or wet diets, which were supplemented with 0.5% chromium oxide. The wet food was prepared by adding twice volume of water in the dry food prior to incubated overnight (14-16 hours) at room temperature. After five days, their feces were collected up to a total weight of > 200 g which was the amount to analyze undigested nutrients in feces as 3 repeats. In the apparent total tract digestibility analysis of the experimental breed, no difference in the digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, and energy was observed regarding the moisture content of the food. Noteworthy, the digestibility of nitrogen free extract was significantly increased in senior dogs fed dry dog food compared with adult dogs fed the same diet, whereas no difference was observed between senior and adult dogs fed wet food. The small breed dogs showed similar results to the experimental breed dogs. However, the digestibility of crude fat was additionally affected by age and food type unlike the experimental breed dogs. This finding suggests that the food moisture content affects the digestibility of nutrients in dogs with aging. Hence, it may be helpful to determine the nutrient contents in foods for senior dogs depending on the food type.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.963-979
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify frailty profiles based on physical, psychological, and social domains of functioning and to examine the associated factors showing the differences among frailty profiles. Respondents were 70 years and older(n=403) and latent class analysis was applied to determine the optimal subgroups based on Tilberg Frailty Indicators which comprised of three domains(the physical, psychological, and social domain). Also, we performed multinominal logistic regression analysis to find out factors making differences among frailty profiles. Latent class analysis(LCA) identified three distinct types: multi-frail type(27.0%), psychologically frail type(26.8%), inadequate support type(46.2%). All three types had common difficulties in dealing with daily life problems and did not receive enough help with theses difficulties. Based on the results of the LCA three-class models, people in multi-frail type accumulated problems in physical and psychological domains and had partially social domain. On the other hands, psychologically frail type showed a relatively high anxiety disorder and depression. Lastly, people in inadequate support type reported the lack of helps, but they were relatively healthy. Comparing these groups with inadequate support type, people with multi-frail had lower educational level, poor nutritional management status and were less likely to participate in labor market. People in psychologically frail type were more likely to be male, to live in big cities rather than middle and small cities, and less likely to smoke. Based on these results, our results showed the multifaceted concept of frailty among Korean elderly people and we suggested several implications for preventing frail process.