• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.259-267
• /
• 1995

A study was conducted to investigate nitrogen balance and to estimate daily nitrogen requirement in 43 Korean female college students students maintaining their usual diet and activity levels. Nitrogen intake and excretion were measured in two separate peroids about one month apart, each period lasting for 3 days. Nitrogen intake was assessed by duplicate portion analysis of diet, and N excretion in faces and urine were measured during the study period. Mean daily nitrogen intake level was 129.3mg/kg B.W and the apparent digestibility of nitrogen was 76%. Mean daily urinary nitrogen excretion was 113.5mg/kg BW. 895 of total nitrogen intake. Mean daily nitrogen balance of subjects was -14.5mg/kg BW. Mean daily requirements of nitrogen for 0 balance, calculated by regression analysis of N balance and energy-adjusted N intake. were 1) 197.mg/kg B.W with the present energy intake level of the study subjects. 2) 157mg/kg B.W when energy intake is sufficient to maintain energy balance, and 30 130mg/kg B.W. when energy intake is Korean RDA level for moderate activity. When energy intake level is sufficient to meet their requirement, daily protein requirement for 0 balance is about 1.0g/kg B.W. The results of this study indicate that nitrogen intake level of young female college students is not sufficient to meet their requirements, and they should increase protein intake together with increase in energy intake.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.58-64
• /
• 2006

목 적: 뇌성마비 등 뇌병변장애환자는 여러 가지 원인으로 영양장애와 성장장애가 오나 사지마비와 사지구축 자세이상 등으로 성장상태를 정확하게 측정하기도 어렵고 열량대사가 정상인과 달라서 영양 요구량을 아는 것이 쉽지 않다. 저자들은 경관 영양을 하는 중증 사지마비성 뇌병변장애환자의 영양상태와 열량섭취량을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2004년 1월에 본 서울시립아동병원에 입원하고 있는 환자 중에 2세 이상 30세 사이의 경관 영양을 하는 중증 사지마비성 뇌병변장애환자 86명을 대상으로 하여 신장, 체중, 상완둘레, 피부주름두께를 재고 섭취 에너지 열량을 계산하여 신장 및 체중에 대한 단위 섭취 열량을 측정하였다. 결 과: 1) 체중은 나이와 연령에 따른 평균의 46.5%이고, 신장은 84.2%, 상완둘레는 74.5%, 피부주름두께는 44.6%였다. 2) 열량섭취량은 한국인의 1일 열량권장량의 평균 45.2%를 섭취하고 있었으며 Mayo clinic nomogram에 맞추어는 평균 69.4%였다. 3) 단위 신장당 평균 7.2cal/cm, 단위 체중당 평균 57.0cal/kg을 섭취하고 있었다. 신장과 섭취열량과의 관계가 (Fig. 1, r=0.476) 체중에 따른 섭취 열량과의 관계(r=0.263)보다 상관계수가 높았다. 결 론: 중증뇌병변장애환자는 여러 가지 원인으로 성장장애가 와 있으며 경관 영양 하루 열량이 평균 $880.9{\pm}207.4kcal$, 즉 한국인 1일 열량권장량의 45.2%를 섭취하고 있었다. 하루 500kcal에서 1,100kcal, 즉 일일열량권장량의 16~50%라도 충분하다는 보고도 있지만 개개인에서 체중변화와 열량섭취를 충분한 시간을 가지고 주의 깊게 살펴서 열량 조절을 하는 방법을 적용해야 하며 이들의 열량 요구량에 대한 연구가 더욱 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제64권2호
• /
• pp.187-196
• /
• 2022

The essentiality of zinc for animals has been recognized over 80 years. Zinc is an essential trace element that is a component of many enzymes and is associated with the various hormones. Apart from the nutritional function, zinc has antimicrobial property and often be supplemented in diets in the quantities greater than which is required to meet the nutritional requirement, especially for weaning pigs. This review will focus on the application of pharmacological zinc and its mechanisms which may be responsible for the effects of zinc on performance and health of monogastric animals. Various novel sources of zinc in non-ruminant animal production will also be discussed. These should assist in more precisely formulating feed to maximize the production performance and to maintain the health condition of monogastric animals.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.178-183
• /
• 2008

The assessment of children's nutritional intakes is important because any nutritional inadequacies or toxicities may have adverse consequences. Studies on the nutritional intakes of Korean children are limited. The aims of this study were to determine anthropometric indices, estimate selectee nutrient intakes of young Korean children, and compare these intakes with current Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. This study included 136 healthy children(65 boys, 71 girls), 2-6 y old, living in Kwangju, Korea. Weights and heights were measured. Three consecutive 24-h food recalls were obtained. According to International Obesity Taskforce BMI cutoffs, 8% were overweight and 2% were obese. The energy intakes of 40% were < Korean Estimated Energy Requirements, while all subjects consumed $\geq$ Korean Estimated Average Requirement(EAR) for protein. The majority of the children consumed > Korean EAR for iron, zinc, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, and niacin. Vitamin E intakes of 65% of the Korean children were < Korean Adequate Intake, and approximately half of the subjects had < Korean EAR for calcium and for folate. Many young children in Kwangju, Korea, likely have inadequate status of calcium, folate, and vitamin E.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.199-202
• /
• 2016

Processing methods of heat treatment in milk has been developed to increase safety for the consumer by destroying pathogens that may be found in milk. Commercial pasteurization of milk in the market started in the late 1800s in Europe and in the early 1900s in the United States. In 1962, it became a requirement in Korea that all milk for sale should be treated by heat. Nowadays, heat treatment (pasteurization or sterilization) became mandatory for all milk products sold in all over the world. However, since 1987, there was a big debate about the heat-treatment of milk. Korea Society of Dairy Science and Technology (KSDST) complied the 10 scientific articles of milk heat-treatment into the book which titled "Effects of the heat-treatment on the nutritional quality of milk". Almost several hundred copies had been distributed at the symposium KSDST in 1989. Currently, no one was able to find these articles in anywhere including library etc. Thus, author decided to re-write that books in serials because these articles should be pass on their knowledge of milk science to the next generation of milk research.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.37-51
• /
• 1974

Three strains which accumulated large quantities of L-hlutamic acid as the chief product of metabolism in the presence of glucose and inorhanic ammonium salt under the aerobic condition sere newly isolated. These strains have the general characters as follows: Gram-positive, short fod-shaped, non-sporulating, non-motile, and facultative anaerobe. A change of cell shates was not almost observed in their life cycles and neither a phenomenon of cell-elongation nor a pleomorphism was recognized in any cases. Together with rigid stability in Gram-stain, these characters as above indicated evidences that newly isolates would belong to genus Brevibacterium clearly differentiated from genus Corynebacterium. At the same time the newly isolates, in addition to nutritional requirement of biotin and thiamine, showed the distinctive character of requirement of special amino acid such as histidine or cysteine for their considerable growth. These physiological characters including nitrates reduction, reaction on milk, and slow formation of acid from sugar also were useful in confirming that these bacteria would be Brevibacterium ammoniagenes.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.241-248
• /
• 2014

The accuracy and noninvasive nature of the doubly labeled water (DLW) method makes it ideal for the study of human energy metabolism in free-living conditions. However, the DLW method is not always practical in many developing and Asian countries because of the high costs of isotopes and equipment for isotope analysis as well as the expertise required for analysis. This review provides information about the theoretical background and practical aspects of the DLW method, including optimal dose, basic protocols of two-and multiple-point approaches, experimental procedures, and isotopic analysis. We also introduce applications of DLW data, such as determining the equations of estimated energy requirement and validation studies of energy intake.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.48-59
• /
• 2018

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effect of active nutrition care on feeding and nutritional status of elderly patients receiving long-term enteral tube feeding. Methods: Subjects included 77 elderly patients who had received enteral nutrition more than one week before admission. Nutrition care was provided to patients supplied less calories than required. Feeding intolerance was examined and managed every day and formula was adjusted to meet nutritional requirement during the first 3 months after admission. Patients were classified into under or over 80% of percent ideal body weight (PIBW) and medical records were used to compare changes in weight,, biochemical indices, and nutritional status during the study. Results: Weight, BMI, triglyceride and total cholesterol in blood, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels were significantly lower in patients under 80% of the PIBW than in those over 80% of the PIBW at admission. The percentage of supply to required calories was also lower in patients under 80% of the PIBW. After 1 month of nutritional care, supplied volume of formula was significantly increased in patients under 80% of the PIBW. Weight, BMI, and PIBW were increased and there were no differences between groups after 6 months. In addition, the concentrations of triglyceride and total cholesterol in blood, hemoglobin, and hematocrit tended to increase in patients under 80% of the PIBW, leading to no difference between groups after 3 months. Conclusions: Personalized active nutrition care is effective to increase weight and improve feeding and nutritional status in underweight elderly patients receiving long-term enteral nutrition.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.336-346
• /
• 1994

balance and to estimate daily energy requirement in 43 Korean female college students maintaining their usual diet and activity level. Energy intake and expenditure were measured in two separate periods about one month apart, each period lasting for 3 days. All the subjects participated in both periods. Energy intake was assessed by two methods ; weighed diet record and duplicate portion analysis of diet minus fecal and urinary excretion. Mean daily energy intake level calculated from diet records was 28.5 kcal/kgB.W(1, 476 kcal/day), and similar to the level of 27.8 kcal/kgB.W(1, 438 kcal/days) obtained from the chemical analysis of duplicate portions. Mean daily energy expenditure, calculated from activity records of each subject, was 34.6 kcal/kgB.W, or 1.39 times BMR, which corresponds to light activity level. Mean daily energy balance of subjects was -5.9 kcal/kgB.W. Mean daily requirement of energy, calculated from the activity records of the subjects, was 34.6 kcal/kgB.W, similar to the level of the Korean RDA for light activity level. The results of this study indicate that 1) the activity level of the study subjects corresponds to the sedentary level ; 2) present Korean RDA for energy for light activity is adequate for the subjects ; and 3) the subjects should increase their energy intake since they are largely in negative energy balance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권9호
• /
• pp.1282-1288
• /
• 2013

A comparative slaughter trial was conducted to estimate the phosphorus (P) requirement for maintenance and growth of crossbred lambs of Dorper with a Chinese indigenous sheep breed, thin-tailed Han sheep. Thirty-five Dorper${\times}$thin-tailed Han crossbred, noncastrated ram lambs ($20.3{\pm}0.22kg$ of shrunk body weight (SBW)) were used. Seven lambs were randomly chosen and slaughtered at 20 kg SBW as the baseline group for measuring initial body composition. Another seven lambs were also randomly chosen and offered a pelleted mixed diet for ad libitum intake and slaughtered at 28 kg SBW. The remaining 21 sheep were randomly divided into 3 groups with 7 sheep each and subject to the same diet of either 70 or 40% of ad libitum intake. The 3 groups were slaughtered when the sheep fed ad libitum reached 35 kg of SBW. Body P contents were determined after slaughter. The results showed that the net P requirement for maintenance was 30.0 mg/kg of empty body weight (EBW) or 23.4 mg/kg body weight (BW), and the P requirement for growth decreased from 5.3 to 5.0 g/kg of EBW gain as the lamb grew from 20 to 35 kg. The net P requirement for growth of Dorper${\times}$thin-tailed Han crossbred ram lambs was lower than that of sheep adopted by the American nutritional system.