• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.282-294
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• 2001

n accordance with the National Health Promotion Act of 1995, newly designed National Health and Nutrition Survey was carried out in winter of 1998. Although this survey amended most of the problems noted in previous Nutrition Surveys, it still had a limitation in reflecting seasonal variation in food intake due to the survey period which was confined to November and December. In order to counterbalance this limitation and estimate the yearly food intake of Korean population, three seasonal nutrition surveys were taken place in spring, summer, and fall of 1999. Seasonal Nutritional survey targeted 15 households each in 60 nationwide primary sampling units(PSUS) which were part of 200 PSUS of 1998 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Therefore, total of 2,700 households were surveyed in 3 seasons. The interviewers visited each household members and carried out face to face interview on household. Daily food intake was monitored using 24 hour recall method. According to the survey results, fruits, beverage and alcohol intake showed large variation with season while processed foods showed almost no variation. And intake of vegetables and fruits were influenced by their own harvesting time and had impact on the list of foods consumed most. With the result of the 1998 NHNS, this study made it possible to estimate the yearly average food intake of Korean population. The result of this survey is expected to be used in planning food supply and setting tolerance level of contaminants of each foods at the government level.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.500-506
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Food composition databases are necessary for assessing dietary intakes. Developing and maintaining a high quality database is difficult because of the high cost of analyzing nutrient profiles and the recent fast-changing food marketplace. Thus, priorities have to be set for developing and updating the database. We aimed to identify key foods in the Korean diet to set priorities for future analysis of foods. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The food consumption data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2013-2014 were used. We modified the US Department of Agriculture's key food approach. First, major foods were analyzed, contributing to 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90% of each nutrient intake. Second, the cumulative contributions to nutrient intakes were compared before and after excluding the foods least commonly consumed by individuals. Third, total nutrient score for each food was calculated by summing all percent contributions times 100 for nutrients. To set priorities among the foods in the list, we sorted the score in descending order and then compared total percent contributions of foods, within the 100, 90, 85, 80, and 75 percentiles of the list. Finally, we selected the minimum list of foods contributing to at least 90% of the key nutrient intake as key items for analysis. RESULTS: Among the 1,575 foods consumed by individuals, 456 were selected as key foods. Those foods were chosen as items above the 80 percentile of the total nutrient score, among the foods contributing at least 85% of any nutrient intake. On an average, the selected key foods contributed to more than 90% of key nutrient intake. CONCLUSIONS: In total, 456 foods, contributing at least 90% of the key nutrient intake, were selected as key foods. This approach to select a minimum list of key foods will be helpful for systematically updating and revising food composition databases.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.464-470
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This research analyzes the effects of the food choices of industrial workers according to their sugar intake pattern on their job satisfaction through the construction of a model on the relationship between sugar intake pattern and job satisfaction. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Surveys were collected from May to July 2015. A statistical analysis of the 775 surveys from Kyungsangnam-do was conducted using SPSS13.0 for Windows and SEM was performed using the AMOS 5.0 statistics package. RESULTS: The reliability of the data was confirmed by an exploratory factor analysis through a Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the measurement model was proven to be appropriate by a confirmatory factor analysis in conjunction with AMOS. The results of factor analysis on food choice, sugar intake pattern and job satisfaction were categorized into five categories. The reliability of these findings was supported by a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.6 and higher for all factors except confection (0.516) and dairy products (0.570). The multicollinearity results did not indicate a problem between the variables since the highest correlation coefficient was 0.494 (P < 0.01). In an attempt to study the sugar intake pattern in accordance with the food choices and job satisfaction of industrial workers, a structural equation model was constructed and analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: All tests confirmed that the model satisfied the recommended levels for the goodness of fit index, and thus, the overall research model was proven to be appropriate.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2019

This study aimed to introduce what Korea national oral health surveys are and examine recent oral health status in Korean children. Korea Government has implemented national oral health-related surveys during the past two decades. The surveys with oral health examination are Korean Children's National Oral Health Survey (KCNOHS) since 2000 in 5-year-old and 12-year-old children and Korea National Hhealth and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) since 2007 aged 1 year and more. KCNOHS provides the information about the distribution of prevalence of dental caries, gingival health, behavioral factors, and dental clinic demands etc. KNHANES has huge amount of health data for representative Korean population including oral health and general conditions. Based on KCNOHS, the prevalence of dental caries and its experience has decreased steadily, and the status of oral hygiene and preventive treatment called sealents has been also improved after the year of 2000. However, there is still a gap to reach to those of Western developed countries. Therefore, more effective oral health policy plans and strategies for Korean children and adolescents are needed to prevent and manage for dental caries in private and clinical field of dentistry with public sector.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2012

This study was conducted to characterize changes in the meal structure of Korean children in terms of temporal and spatial dimensions. The data of 1,891 and 1,627 school-aged children and adolescents extracted respectively from the 1998 and 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed by gender, age group, and residential area. From 1998 to 2009, the total eating events increased from 4.3 to 4.6 (p = 0.001); the average number of meal intake decreased from 2.8 to 2.7 (p < 0.001) while that of snack intake increased from 1.5 to 1.9 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of "3 meals a day" pattern tended to decrease while that of "2 meals a day" pattern increased over the years. Especially, the "2 meals a day" pattern with "lunch + dinner" increased from 13% in 1998 to 20% in 2009. The percentage of eating breakfast or dinner at home decreased over the years. These results indicate that over the last decade, "destructuration" occurred in Korean children's meal structure in terms of temporal and spatial dimensions. Especially, such alteration was more distinctive in male than female and in the high school-aged group than the elementary or middle school-aged groups. Overall, the difference of meal structure between genders and residential areas became smaller while the difference among age groups became larger over the years.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to assess the importance and performance level of nutrition service in views of industrial employees and to explore the ways to improve the nutrition service quality. A survey of industrial foodservice operations located in Korea was undertaken and detailed information was collected from each, including surveys of 994 industrial employees. Statistical data was analysed by SAS PC 6.04 for descriptive analysis, t-test, and analysis of variance. The whole industrial employees assessed the importance and performance of the dieticians' role on nutrition service as '4.03' and '3.32' out of 5 respectively, which suggests that the industrial nutrition service needs to be improved. The variables which received higher scores than the average mean were safe meal provision, sanitation management and equipment & facilities management, whereas the score of individual nutrition counselling was low compared to other variables of nutrition service. The groups who scored low performance were characterized by labor work, experience with less than 10 years, single, aged below 29 years old, and female.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.374-385
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to determine the street-food needs of culinary major and non-major university students. University students in Daejeon were assessed by surveys conducted between November 20, 2007 and November 25, 2007. The results of the surveys were as follows; 1. The reason for street-food usage: mainly snacks(37.4%). 2. Primary factor considered when choosing street-food: taste of the food(48.52%). 3. The frequency of street-food purchase: 2 times/month(52.4%) 4. The mean cost for the one-time purchase of street-food: $1,000{\sim}2,000$ won(62.4%). The Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA) used for obtaining information from the culinary major and non-major university students suggested that the attributes of street-food with fair to poor performance but high importance were as follows: sanitary quality in chicken skewers, soondae, ddeokbokki and fried foods and price and nutrition for hamburgers.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.697-708
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the contents of the questionnaires used in dietary surveys and to evaluate each item in relation to the item construction strategy. Articles of which the contents were related to food, nutrition, diet, dietary behavior, and related areas. Published from 1997 to 1999 were searched fir and a total of 121 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The questions in the questionnaires were classified into related areas and sub-areas. Among the keywords in the title of the articles, the term 'nutritional status'(or 'dietary intake status') was most frequently used. The terms such as dietary status, obesity, health, food habit, and dietary behavior were also frequency used. Major topics of the items in the questionnaires varied according to the life cycle of the subjects of the study. The topics most frequently asked in each lift cycle were as follows : overeating, snack, and food preference for preschool- and school-aged children ; anthropometry, weight control, and snack for middle and highschool students : meal skipping, smoking, and drinking for college students : disease, smoking, drinking, and exercise for adults : and smoking, drinking, disease and perceived health for the elderly. Inappropriate questions with complicated language, typographic and grammatic errors, unnecessary words, and negative questions were found. Therefore, care should be taken to construct each question so as to avoid possible misinterpretation. Also, a standardized questionnaire be developed for survey researchers.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.222-232
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Since gain or loss of skeletal muscle mass is a gradual event and occurs due to a combination of lifestyle factors, assessment of dietary factors related to skeletal muscle is complicated. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in total energy intake according to the level of skeletal muscle mass. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 8,165 subjects ${\geq}30years$ of age from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) 2008-2011 were included in the analysis, and multivariate-adjusted regression analyses were performed to analyze the association of the quartiles of sarcopenia index (SI) with energy intake of the study population after adjusting for age and metabolic parameters. RESULTS: The increase in SI quartile was in proportion to the gradual decrease in systemic lipids and the anthropometric measurement of fat accumulation (P < 0.001). Subjects in higher SI quartiles tended to consume more total energy and energy-producing nutrients than those in lower quartiles (P < 0.001). After age, body weight, alcohol consumption, and metabolic parameters were adjusted in the analysis, total energy intake gradually increased according to the increase in SI quartile, and the association between total energy intake and SI was more pronounced in men. However, the risk (odd ratio) of having a low SI was not affected by any single macronutrient intake. CONCLUSION: In this study, total energy intake was positively associated with SI and relative skeletal mass in both men and women. However, no significant association or a weak association was observed between any single macronutrient intake and skeletal muscle mass. The data indicated that acquiring more energy intake within the normal range of energy consumption may help to maintain skeletal muscle mass.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.239-248
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• 2023

Purpose: The parents of adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease may experience impaired mental health and quality of life. This longitudinal study aimed to verify whether the mental health and quality of life of the parents of adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease declined when their children had active disease. Methods: Sociodemographic data, parental anxiety, depression, and quality of life were analyzed using validated questionnaires for each variable. After the baseline survey, the second and follow-up surveys were conducted at 3 and 12 months, respectively. The active disease group comprised eight parents whose children had active disease during the baseline and second surveys. The remission group comprised 14 parents whose children remained in remission during both surveys. The improved group comprised nine parents whose children experienced active disease at baseline and remission during the second survey. Parental mental health and quality of life were compared among the groups. Results: Significantly higher levels of anxiety were observed in the active disease group in all surveys (p<0.050). Although depression levels and quality of life did not differ significantly among the three groups, pairing the active disease group with other groups showed some large effect sizes. Conclusion: Parents tended to experience decreased mental health and quality of life when their adolescents experienced active inflammatory bowel disease. Consequently, our hypothesis was partially verified. Therefore, parents need support when their children have active disease; this finding highlights the need for parental support systems.