• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1011-1017
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• 2002

본 연구는 소아 비만아들에 대한 임상영양교육 프로그램의 효과를 비만도, 혈액학적 변화, 생활습관의 변화 등을 통해 관찰하였다. 관찰기간이 서로 다른77명의 비만아를 대상으로4년간의 관찰 내용이 분석되었다. 특히 교육효과를 장기와 단기로 나누어 병원 내원 기간중의 단기적 체중, 혈청학적 변화뿐만 아니라 장기적인 식생활 습관의 변화 등으로 나누어 장단기 변화를 구분하여 관찰하였고 이들 장단기 변화에 영 향을 미치는 요인을 규명하고자 하였다. 연구결과 단기적(내원기간동안) 효과면에서 볼 때 BMI, % RBW에 의한 비만도 및 혈액지 질양상 등에서 수치가 낮아짐으로써 통계적으로 유의한 효과가 있었다. 이 중 혈청콜레스테롤의 농도는 평균 180.6 mg/dL에서 165.3 mg/dL으로 감소하여 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였고(P<0.05), 28.6%가 정상군으로 돌아왔다 장기 효과를 볼 때, BMI가 23.8$\pm$2.9로 최초 내원시 25.4$\pm$2.7보다 낮아졌으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으며, % RBW에 의한 비만도는 137.7$\pm$14.1에서 125.1$\pm$13.0으로 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 그러나 생활습관을 통해 관찰한 장기 효과는 1차 조사시 57.9점에서 2차 조사시 67.2점으로 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하여 (p<0.01), 임상영양교육후 생활습관이 장기적으로 개선되었음을 알 수 있었다 이는 교육의 효과라 할 수 있고 또한 고도 비만아의 경우 비만율이 현저히 떨어 져,42.9%가 정상군으로 돌아왔다. 단기 효과에 영향을 주는 요인으로는 단기내에 방문기간이 길수록, 방문횟수가 많을수록 교육 후 비만도가 감소하는 경향을 보인(p<0.001) 반면 월평균 교육참여 빈도는 비만치료효과에 긍정적 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 잦은 참여보다는 지속적이고 장기적인 참여와 관리가 더 효과적이라고 사료된다(p<0.05). 장기 효과와 관련된 관찰로는 방문기간이 길고, 횟수가 많을수록 긍정적 효과를 띠는 경향을 보여주었으나 통계적으로 유의한 수준은 아니었다. 이상의 결과를 요약해보면 임상영양교육프로그램은 적어도 BMI나 %RBW라는 관점에서 장단기 효과가 있었다. 그러나 장기 효과와 단기 효과에 영향을 미치는 요인에는 다소간의 차이가 있었다. 방문기간, 방문횟수 등은 단기 효과에 영향을 주는 요인이나 월평균 참여빈도 등은 별다른 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 장기 효과에 통계적으로 유의한 수준에서 영향을 주는 요인은 규명할 수 없었다. 이는 장기 효과에 영 향을 주는 요인은 단기 효과에서 나타난 총 방문 기간이나 방문횟수 이외의 사회심리적 요인이 복잡하게 작용했을 가능성을 본 연구 결과는 시사하고 있다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.199-215
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• 1996

In Korea, the majority of hospital dietitians expend most of their time performing food management related activities, and only a few carry out nutrition care activities in full-time. This study was designed to measure productivity of the clinical nutrition team and assess the role of clinical dietitians in the only 2200-bed teaching hospital in Korea. Six full-time clinical dietitians collected time data for four weeks according to the nutrition care activities outlined. Three clinical dietitians assigned to 7 units recorded how often physicians implemented their recommendations for two months. Two kinds of survey questionaire were developed and sent to the patients and the health care team. The followings are a summary of the results. 1. The clinical nutrition team of 6 full-time dietitians expended 75% of their time performing patient care activities, 20% in non-patient care activities and 5% in delay and transit. 2. Each clinical dietitian assigned to the units carried out 56 patient care activities on daily basis. 3. The average time required for the clinical nutrition services was 60.2 minutes for outpatient counseling, 89 minutes for inpatient counseling, 72.5 minutes for nutrition management, 95 minutes for malnutrition consult and 121 minutes for dysphagia diet management. 4. Physicians' implementation of clinical dietitians' recommendations was 98.5%. 5. Most physicians and nurses viewed the clinical dietitians on the units assertive, contributing to the quality improvement of medical services, and helpful to the patients as well as the health care team. 6. Most patients viewed the clinical dietitians on the units considerate, attentive and helpful. Based on these results, it is suggested that (1) daily meal round and nutrition care monitoring are effective tools for nutrition intervention in the hospital setting. (2) unit assignment of clinical dietitians enhances the patients' satisfaction in the nutrition services provided as well as the perceptions of health care team on clinical dietitian's expertise.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.256-259
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• 1998

The association of menarche and nutritional status was studied in 116 female students of the 6 th grade in a rural primary school. Participants were divided into two groups based on menarcheal status. The anthropometric data showed that mean heights and weights of menarcheal group on two occasions were significantly higher than those of the other group (p<0.01). Neither hemoglobin levels nor hematocrit values for determination of anemia were not associated with menarche. Twenty four hour dietary recall revealed that young females with menarche consumed less energy and Ca compared to the other group. Ca intake was 34.8% of RDA in menarcheal group. It might be suggested that effective intervention strategies need to be developed and include education programs for nutritional needs and food sources of Ca, targeting rural residents.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.347-351
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• 2014

Inflammation is one mechanism through which cancer is initiated and progresses, and is implicated in the etiology of other conditions that affect cancer risk and prognosis, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and visceral obesity. Emerging human evidence, primarily epidemiological, suggests that walnuts impact risk of these chronic diseases via inflammation. The published literature documents associations between walnut consumption and reduced risk of cancer, and mortality from cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, particularly within the context of the Mediterranean Diet. While encouraging, follow-up in human intervention trials is needed to better elucidate any potential cancer prevention effect of walnuts, per se. In humans, the far-reaching positive effects of a plant-based diet that includes walnuts may be the most critical message for the public. Indeed, appropriate translation of nutrition research is essential for facilitating healthful consumer dietary behavior. This paper will explore the translation and application of human evidence regarding connections with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation to the development of dietary guidance for the public and individualized dietary advice. Strategies for encouraging dietary patterns that may reduce cancer risk will be explored.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2009

Preterm infants are frequently discharged from the hospital with growth retardation. Given the potentially lifelong effects of growth impairmnet during a critical time of development, considerable effort should be focused on improving growth after discharge. Growth monitoring must be based on regular measurements of weight, length, and head circumference to identify those preterm infants with poor growth that may need additional nutritional support. Although prior studies vary in design and the intervention used, the evidence supports the use of fortified formulas in formula-fed preterm infants after discharge. The situation for infants fed human milk is much less clear, it seems prudent to concentrate our efforts on the encouragement of breast-feeding in this population. Catch up growth may have many benefits, and may lead to improved development. However, its long-term metabolic consequences are currently unclear. Understanding the optimal means of providing nutrition after discharge is an ongoing process.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.401-405
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• 2003

This study was conducted to find gender differences in physical activity, dietary habit and nutrient intake in 4∼6th grade students in elementary school. Physical activity assessment showed that males significantly engaged in more vigorous activity with longer duration than females. It was found that females skipped their breakfast more often and had more snack than males. On the other hand, males were more indulged in peaky eating, despite their good practice of drinking milk. Twenty-four hour dietary recall revealed that energy intakes in both males and females were not sufficient. Furthermore, subjects, regardless of gender, consumed marginal intakes of Ca and Fe. Special attention should be given to marginal intakes of Ca in the subjects. Due to low Fe intake in females, more caution should be taken to include a meal which can enhance iron absorption. It might be suggested that effective intervention strategies need to be developed and implemented to choose nutrient dense foods and activities that lead to better health.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2019

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) such as infantile colic, constipation and colic occur in almost half of the infants. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical and updated review on the management of FGIDs and their impact on the health of the infant and family to health care physicians. Guidelines and expert recommendations were reviewed. FGIDs are a frequent cause of parental concern, impairment in quality of life of infants and relatives, and impose a financial burden to families, health care, and insurance. Therefore, primary management of the FGIDs should be focused on improving the infants' symptoms and quality of life of the family. If more than parental reassurance is needed, available evidence recommends nutritional advice as it is an effective strategy and most of the time devoid of adverse effects. The role of healthcare providers in reassuring parents and proposing the correct behavior and nutritional intervention by avoiding inappropriate use of medication, is essential in the management of FGIDs.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.133-148
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• 2014

This study compared levels of whole grain consumption-related predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors according to socio-demographic variables, and examined how these factors are associated with whole grain consumption frequency among Korean adults. A survey questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of adult males and females aged 20~59 years (n=300). The questionnaire included questions on predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors in relation to whole grain consumption as well as a brief whole grain food frequency questionnaire. Female subjects showed a significantly higher level of negative beliefs on health nutrition taste texture while showing a significantly lower level of social support compared to that of males. The age group of 40~59 years showed a significantly higher social support level than the age group of 20~39 years. Results from multivariate regression analyses showed that different combinations of predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling variables were significant in predicting whole grain consumption frequency according to sex and age. The study findings can be used for developing specific target-oriented nutrition intervention programs for promotion of whole grain intake among Korean adults.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2014

A nationwide nutrition survey began when the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) requested assistance from international relief organizations in 1997 due to flooding in 1995-1996, followed by the worsening food shortage peak in 1997. According to reported data for the 15 years since the active intervention and assistance from international societies, the malnutrition and mortality rates of children in the DPRK have improved. However, the prevalence of the stunting reported in the latest 2012 report is 27.9%, which is still a moderate-severe level, and worrisome in terms of international standards. In particular, the prevalence in Ryangangdo, which is regarded as the worst region in the DPRK, is 39.6%, which is a very high level of stunting. To alleviate such regional deviation will be a major task for future assistance. In addition, one cannot emphasize too highly the importance of early nutritional assistance for pregnant women and infants, considering that the recovery from stunted growth is low after two years of age, and the aftereffects would continue for the rest of their lives.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2008

In a previous study, a mulberry fruit extract(MFE) supplement exhibited anti-inflammatory activity and improved serum lipid profiles in arthritic rats. The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary MFE could ameliorate inflammatory parameters and serum lipid levels in humans. Twenty-six middle-aged subjects(mean body mass index=27 $kg/m^2$) consumed MFE(100 $m{\ell}/day)$ after lunch for 4 wks. Anthropometric measurements, serum oxidative stress markers and serum lipid profile analyses were performed at baseline and then at 4 wk following the study. There were no significant differences in anthropometric measurements, including BMI, WHR, and body fat composition. After the 4 wk-intervention, serum levels of C-reactive protein(CRP), ferric-reducing ability of plasma(FRAP), serum triglyceride(TG) and LDL-cholesterol had significantly decreased(p<0.05), whereas serum levels of HDL-cholesterol significantly(p<0.05) increased. These findings suggest the consumption of mulberry extract may be protective against inflammation and the atherosclerotic state in elderly obese men at high risk for cardiovascular disease(CVD).