• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2012

This study assessed the amount of energy consumed and fat deposition after endurance training in order to review the effect of 4-week endurance exercise on resting metabolic rate of a mouse during and after exercise and the effect of exercise. A total of 19 seven-week-old ICR male mice were used as the study subject. Those mice were divided into sedentary group (Sed) and trained group (Tr) after a week of environment adaption. The Tr group was trained with endurance exercise five times a week for four weeks. Weight and the amount of food intake were daily weighed and resting metabolic rate and metabolic rate after exercise were assessed before starting exercise and on the fourth week after training. Metabolic rate during exercise were measured four weeks after training. At the end of breeding period, statistically significant difference was shown in weights of trained and sedentary groups (p < 0.05). During a resting period, no significant difference was shown in oxygen intake, respiratory exchange ratio, and the amount of carbohydrate and fat oxidized. Moreover, no significant difference was shown in excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of an hour period after training. In contrast, the maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max) was approximately 11.1% higher in trained group after training compare to before. However, there was no significant difference in respiratory exchange ratio and carbohydrate and fat oxidization. During exercise, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, and respiratory exchange ratio in energy metabolism during exercise showed no significant difference. However, significant difference was exhibited in the amount of fat oxidized in both groups. Summing up those results, endurance exercise could be concluded to be effective in weight control. However, weight loss is thought to be resulted from increase in fat oxidization during exercise unlike the conclusion made from previous studies where weight loss is prominently influenced by energy metabolism during a resting period and increased fat oxidation during post-exercise recovery. All experimental procedures were carried out at the Animal Experiment Research Center of Konkuk University. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the Konkuk University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2024

Objective: This study compared the status of chronic diseases among immigrants and the Korean population. Methods: This study was conducted on 153 immigrants living in Gwangju Metropolitan City in 2022. For comparison, 459 Koreans were selected using the 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A survey was conducted on the management status of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia using a questionnaire. Results: Immigrants were significantly more likely to have hypertension (50.3% vs. 24.2%, p<0.001) and diabetes (19.0% vs. 11.5%, p=0.002) than Koreans. In awareness, immigrants had significantly lower rates of hypertension (57.1% vs. 73.0%, p=0.031) and hyperlipidemia (immigrants 25.4% vs. 44.5%, p=0.006). In treatment rates, immigrants had significantly lower rates of hypertension (40.3% vs. 69.4%, <0.001) and hyperlipidemia (17.9% vs. 39.6%, p=0.003). In control rates, immigrants had significantly lower rates of hypertension (18.2% vs. 62.2%, <0.001) than Koreans. Conclusions: Chronic diseases are common among immigrants, but awareness, treatment, and control rates are low, so education and prevention policies are critical to improving immigrants' access to medical care and raising awareness.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2004

Purpose: Population using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and the cost or it are increasing all over the world. In this study, we investigated the utilization state of CAM in the elderly people during the last 6 months of life. Methods: We found 4,210 persons in Seoul, older than 65 years who received a funeral subsidy from health insurance after death during the latter half of the year, 2001. We stratified them by age and gender and selected 301 persons and surveyed them by questionnaire. Results: 247 persons (83.1%) used at least one of CAM during their last 6 months of life. Diet and Nutrition remedy showed the highest utilatization rate (65.5%), and drug therapies also were much used (29.9%). Utilization rate was higher in female (60%) and according to the cause of death, the highest in a geriatric disease groups, and the lowest in the cancer group. Whole satisfaction to CAM was high with average 4.25 points out of total 6, and adverse effects were almost free with average 5.55 points out of total 6. Satisfaction was the highest in Diet and Nutrition remedy but the lowest in Manipulative and Body-Based methods. Adverse-effect score was best in Manipulative and Body-Based methods. According to age and the causative disease of death, there were significant differences in satisfaction and adverse effect levels. Conclusion: Majority of old people used at least one of CAM during their last 6months of life. Whole satisfaction and adverse-effect level were very excellent.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 2021

Foodborne outbreaks frequently occur worldwide and result in huge economic losses. It is the therefore important to estimate the costs associated with foodborne diseases to minimize the economic damage. At the same time, it is difficult to accurately estimate the economic loss from foodborne disease due to a wide variety of cost components. In Korea, there are a limited number of analytical studies attempting to estimate such costs. In this study we investigated the components of economic cost used in foreign countries to better estimate the cost of foodborne disease in Korea. Seven recent studies investigated the cost components used to estimate the cost of foodborne disease in humans. This study categorized the economic loss into four types of cost: direct costs, indirect costs, food business costs, and government administration costs. The healthcare costs most often included were medical (outpatient) and hospital costs (inpatient). However, these cost components should be selected according to the systems and budgets of medical services by country. For non-healthcare costs, several other studies considered transportation costs to the hospital as an exception to the cost of inpatient care. So, further discussion is needed on whether to consider inpatient care costs. Among the indirect costs, premature mortality, lost productivity, lost leisure time, and lost quality of life/pain, grief and suffering costs were considered, but the opportunity costs for hospital visits were not considered in any of the above studies. As with healthcare costs, government administration costs should also be considered appropriate cost components due to the difference in government budget systems, for example. Our findings will provide fundamental information for economic analysis associated with foodborne diseases to improve food safety policy in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.102-113
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine parental perceptions on the importance, performance level, and satisfaction with foodservice quality at daycare centers in the Compensation and Welfare Service institute. The questionnaire was developed to measure thirty-two attributes of foodservice operations are administered to 598 parents and 23 foodservice supervisors from June 22, 2009 to July 10, 2009. The parents placed a high importance on the need for foodservices, earning 4.70 points out of 5 points. Their perceptions of foodservice quality menu, foodservice ingredients and effects, facilities, sanitation, and service scored even higher than performance. The overall satisfaction level for foodservice compared to performance was 4.33 and 4.03 points out of 5 points, respectively. Multiple regression analysis indicated that 98.6% of the variance in parents' overall satisfaction scores was explained by six dimensions.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.340-347
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the material in middle school and high school textbooks covering child care and children's health for medically inaccurate content and to make sure that the correct information is given to students. Methods : We have examined 47 kinds of textbooks on the subjects 'Home economics' and 'Technology and home economics' published in 2007 to find out how much importance is placed on children's health and childcare and to search for incorrect definitions, inaccurate facts or insufficient explanations. We have also analyzed the credentials of the writers of these textbooks. Results : Textbooks of middle school cover psychological and physical changes during adolescence and nutrition, and those of high school cover marriage and childcare. These materials covering health made up 27.5%, 11.7% of middle & high school texts. Age definitions of neonate and infant were incorrect. Inaccurate facts were mostly about fontanelles, primitive reflexes, breastfeeding and weaning. There also were wrong informations on the umbilical cord care and developmental milestones during infancy. The childhood immunization schedules and the growth curves were not up to date. Most of the authors major in home economics and the others were school teachers. There was no evidence of any review by a medical society or an expert. Conclusions : When writing about children's health and childcare in textbooks, a board-certified pediatrician or The Korean Pediatric Society should be consulted to provide accurate medical information to middle and high school students.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.190-196
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• 2009

Purpose: Candida infection has increased in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). However, recent reports on systemic candida infections in preterm newborns are rare in Korea. The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiological features of systemic candida infection in very low birth weight infants (VLBW) over the past five years. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 19 patients with systemic candida infections in VLBW that were admitted to the neonatal intensive care units of three hospitals affiliated with the College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea from January 2004 to December 2008. We analyzed the birth weight, gestational age, age at diagnosis, risk factors, co-morbidity, antifungal treatment, and mortality rates among the 19 patients. Results: Systemic candida infections occurred in 19 cases (4.7%) among the VLBW infants. The mean birth weight and gestational age were 959.0$\pm$255.9 g and 26.7$\pm$2.1 weeks. The isolated Candida species were C. albicans (4), C. parapsilosis (9), C. glabrata (2), C. famata (2), and unkown subspecies (2). Most patients had various associated risk factors, including a central venous catheter, broad spectrum antibiotics, parenteral nutrition, intravenous lipid emulsion, endotracheal intubation and $H_2$ blocker therapy. There was no significant difference in the risk factors between newborns that survived and those that died with regard to the systemic candida infection, except for gestational age. Nine (47.4%) out of 19 patients with a candida infection died and four cases (21.2%) were directly related to the candida infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of systemic candida infection is increasing in VLBW infants. The majority of Candida species has shifted to C. non-albicans, especially C. parapsilosis. Because of the high mortality associated with candida infection in the NICU, prophylaxis and early treatment based on epidemiological features is necessary.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

This study was executed to find the effects of dietary control and oral health care on dental caries and oral problems in elementary school students, including the effects of nutritional and oral health education on the prevention of dental caries. 1. The oral health study found that 88.9％ of students brushed their teeth everyday, 63.7％ 2 times a day, and 50.4％ in the morning and at night. 2. According to the general characteristics whether or not, the female students had more dental caries than the males, and 29.1％ of the students that had dental caries ate snacke 1 or 2 times a day. 3. After the nutritional education, more students brushed their teeth in the after meal 4. According to gender, grade and nutritional education for oral health care, male students and higher grade students were more aware that “brushing teeth after meals is better than before”. The male and higher grade students, after the nutritional education, were more aware that “Bones and teeth are made from calcium”, and “Fluorine prevents teeth from dental caries” and the differences between the genders were statistically significant in relation to both these facts (p〈0.05) and before and after education (p〈0.01). The male and higher grade students, and those nutritionally educated were more conscious that “vegetables and fruits are good for teeth”, with the differences before and after the nutritional education were statistically significant (p〈0.05). The male and higher grade students were well aware that “Foods that have sugar cause dental caries”, and significant differences were shown between grades (p〈0.05). The male and higher grade students, after the nutritional education and were well aware that “Milk is good for teeth”, with a significant gender difference (p〈0.05). The female and higher grade students, and those after nutritional education were well aware that “Dental caries can not be perfectly cured once it had already occurred”. after nutrition, but not much differences.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.1049-1055
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• 2010

This study investigated the status of mixed grain diet by 68 people with diabetes living in Jeollabuk-do and performed sensory evaluation of different composition of mixed grains to improve the sensory characteristics based on the investigation. BMI of all subjects were measured and found that 61.7% were overweight. 94.1% of them ate mixed grains and females ate more mixed grains than males (p<0.05). Most males and females answered that they ate mixed grains for their health. Females added more mixed grains than males (p<0.01). More females (47.1%) than males said they would continue to eat mixed grains (p<0.05). 59% of them said they had eaten mixed grains for more than 3 years. 46.0% of them said they purchased mixed grains at a small mart near their houses. The mostly added grain to rice was black soybean (76.5%). RMGD-50 is composed of six mixed grains excluding nonglutinous rice and has the mixing rate of 50%. RMGD-40 has the mixing rate of 40%. Sensory evaluation was performed and RMGD-50 got lower score ($3.33{\pm}0.68$, $3.50{\pm}0.81$) than RMGD-40 in the appearances and color. RMGD-40 with Control 1 that includes more glutinous grains and Control 2 that is polished rice were compared. RMGD-40 got lower score than Control 1 in its appearances, smell and color, although there wasn't a meaningful difference. For the people with diabetes who are accustomed to mixed grains, the polished rice got the lowest score in moisture amount, gumminess and overall taste ($3.26{\pm}0.82$, $3.48{\pm}0.85$, $3.19{\pm}0.70$). It showed meaningful difference from RMGD-40 and Control 1 (p<0.01). Consequently people with diabetes preferred mixed grains that include more glutinous grains that have lower mixed ratio. So it is necessary to educate the people with diabetes about eating grains for better blood sugar management. Continual study and development of mixed grains that can help people with diabetes to control their blood sugar are necessary.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2015

Objective: This study was to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with diabetes in Korea and to compare them with the HRQoL of individuals without diabetes history. Methods: The study subjects were 17,655 adults aged over 19 who participated in the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012). The EuroQoL-5Dimension was used to evaluate HRQoL. Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were performed to test the difference of HRQoL in diabetic subjects and controls. Results: The mobility dimension was the highest reported problem: 36.4% for diabetic subjects. The proportion of any reported problem was significantly high among diabetic subjects compared with two controls in terms of mobility [reference group: diabetic subjects, chronic controls: adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=0.77, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=0.66-0.91, healthy controls: aOR=0.61, 95% CI=0.50-0.75], self-care [reference group: diabetic subjects, chronic controls: aOR=0.68, 95% CI=0.55-0.83, healthy controls: OR=0.69, 95% CI=0.51-0.94]. and usual activities [reference group: diabetic subjects, chronic controls: aOR=0.85, 95% CI=0.72-0.99, healthy controls: OR=0.79, 95% CI=0.62-0.98]. Also, EQ-5D index were significantly low in subjects with diabetes compared to two controls. Conclusions: Subjects with diabetes had a significantly lower HRQoL compared with two controls. To improve the quality of life of diabetics, it is necessary to study various variables related to the quality of life, and develop and manage various health programs or welfare policies reflecting socio-demographic characteristics and health related features that affect the quality of life.