• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.270-281
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• 2010

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is necessary to neonates in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for survival and growth because of impossible of enteral feeding. Long-term TPN can be associated with a broad spectrum of hepatobiliary disorder, ranging from mild hepatic dysfunction to severe end-stage liver disease. Cholestasis developed most commonly in neonate, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is widely used in adult with cholestatic and non-cholestatic liver diseases but there have been limited data on the effects in neonate with PNAC. This study was performed retrospectively to review all medical histories of the total 30 neonates with was administrated UDCA for treatment to parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis (PNAC) at Chungbuk National University Hospital NICU from April 2002 to December 2008. UDCA was administrated at bilirubin is over 2 mg/dl. The criterias for drug evaluation were included hepatic biochemical marker such as direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP and GGT, TPN therapy period, cholestasis development period, UDCA treatment period, UDCA dosage and adverse effect. In the results, Post-UDCA treatment significant was decreased direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, AST and ALP (p<0.05), and was decreased GGT (p>0.05) and slightly was increased ALT (p>0.05). Reffective timect biDCA was appear at mean $10.5{\pm}1.3$ days, iDCA administration period was mean $64.4{\pm}5.9$ days, cholestasis period was mean $71.9{\pm}6.4$ days and UDCA dosage was mean $22.9{\pm}0.9$ mg/kg/day. Common adverse effects is diarrhea, 5 patients arised mild diarrhea but it possible also related with increased enteral feeding. In conclusion, iDCA can decrease direct bilirubin that major parameter t bcholestasis and oher hepatic biochemical makers. UDCA is effective on PNAC without any serious side effect and cost-effective. Although no greatly shortening cholestasis period, but can protect to develop into severe liver disease and other complication or death. Based on these result, UDCA is recommended for treatment of cholestasis at direct bilirubin is over 2 mg/dl.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.481-487
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• 2013

Following breast cancer diagnosis, women often attempt to modify their lifestyles to improve their health and prevent recurrence. These behavioral changes typically involve diet and physical activity modification. The aim of this study was to determine association between healthy eating habits and physical activity with quality of life among Iranian breast cancer survivors. A total of 100 Iranian women, aged between 32 to 61 years were recruited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Eating practices were evaluated by a validated questionnaire modified from the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) study. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). A standardized questionnaire by the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life and its breast cancer module (EORTC QLQ-C30/+BR-23) were applied to determine quality of life. Approximately 29% of the cancer survivors were categorized as having healthy eating practices, 34% had moderate eating practices and 37% had poor eating practices based on nutrition guidelines. The study found positive changes in the decreased intake of fast foods (90%), red meat (70%) and increased intake of fruits (85%) and vegetables (78%). Generally, breast cancer survivors with healthy eating practices had better global quality of life, social, emotional, cognitive and role functions. Results showed that only 12 women (12%) met the criteria for regular vigorous exercise, 22% had regular moderate-intensity exercise while the majority (65%) had low-intensity physical activity. Breast cancer survivors with higher level of physical activity had better emotional and cognitive functions. Healthy eating practices and physical activity can improve quality of life of cancer survivors. Health care professionals should promote good dietary habits and physical activity to improve survivor's health and quality of life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.355-360
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of adding wine on the quality and palatability of pork patties. Pork patties were prepared by four types: pork patty without wine (control), pork patty containing wine 1% (WP-1), pork patty containing wine 3% (WP-2), and pork patty containing wine 5% (WP-3). Moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, Hunter's $a^*$ value, calorie, water holding capacity, VBN content, total bacterial counts, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, flavor, texture, and juiciness were not significantly different among the pork patties. The $L^*\;and\;b^*$ values of the control patty was higher than those of the WP-1, WP-2, and WP-3 (p<0.05). The pH and TBARS value of the WP-2 and WP-3 were lower than those of the control patty and WP-1 (p<0.05). The total amino acid content of the control patty, WP-1, WP-2, and WP-3 were 18.29, 17.83, 17.85, and 17.37%, respectively. Palmitic acid was the most abundant among saturated fatty acids while oleic acid was the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid in the four groups. The taste and palatability of the WP-2 and WP-3 were superior to the control patty and WP-1 (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.10-26
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• 1990

In Korean education, the health contents are scattered in various course subjects throughtout the primary and junior high school curriculum. So it is very difficult to provide systematic health education. The purpose of this study was to provide a guide for health education using health topic areas and major concepts that represent the scope of material that should be covered in health instruction. The steps used in selecting these health topic areas and major concepts were as follows: 1. A review of the literature related to health and health education was done to develop the rationale underlying this study. 2. Health topic areas basic to the growth and development characteristics of children, to human needs and to societal needs for healthful living were indentified. 3. The major concepts for each health topic area based on health sciences and children's growth and development levels were selected. 4. The major concepts selected were organized in sequence to guide health education from grade one to grade nine. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The identification of eleven health topic areas essential for health education. These include: personal habits and health healthy growth and development nutrition and health prevention of disease and disorders drugs and health mental health family life and health sex education accident prevention consumer health community health 2. The identification of the major concepts(generalizations) for each health topic area: 33 major concepts were identified as a guide in determining the health content of health education programs. These are 1) body cleaniness, 2) health of the sensory organs, 3) dental health, 4) exercise and rest, 5) growth and development, 6) body structure and function, 7) developmental tasks, 8) balanced nutrition, 9) eating habits, 10) food preparation and food storage, 11) sources of disease and disorders, 12) disease preventive behavior, 13) care during illness, 14) drug use and misuse, 15) drug addiction, 16) emotional responses, 17) human relationship, 18) self concept, 19) social adjustment, 20) health habits of the family, 21) interdependence of family members, 22) origin of life, 23) characteristics of man and woman, 24) sexual instinct, 25) safety behavior, 26) emergency measures, 27) criteria for selection of health products, 28) proper use of health information, 29) utilization of health and medical services, 30) environmental conservation, 31) environmental pollution, 32) population control, 33) function of public health services. 3. The organization of the concepts(generalizations) in sequence and for continuity in health instruction at the primary and junior high school level.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2004

Purpose: Besides interferencence of esophageal motor function by the nasogastric tube, a decline of the positive gastro-esophageal pressure gradient caused by intermittent positive pressure ventilation seems to have a major role in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in mechanically ventilated preterm infants. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of GER and associated risk factors in mechanically ventilated preterm infants. Methods: Twenty four hour esophageal pH monitorings were performed using a antimony electrode on 11 mechanically ventilated preterm infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Pusan National University Hospital. We evaluated the following reflux parameters; reflux index, reflux episodes/hour, reflux episodes ${\geq}5min/hour$, duration of longest episode, and percent episodes ${\geq}5min$. Patients were considered to have significant GER if more than 2 among 5 parameters were satisfied. Results: The mean gestational age of the patients was 30.9 weeks, mean birth weight was 1,568 g, and mean age at the time of pH monitoring was 2.8 days. Significant GER was detected in 4 patients (36.4%). There was no relationship between the incidence of GER and gestational age, birth weight, postnatal age, or the ventilator settings. Conclusion: The incidence of GER in mechanically ventilated preterm infants was similar, compared with other previous studies. Associated risk factors of GER in these patients were not detected. Therefore, mechanical ventilation in preterm infants does not seem to be the high risk factor of GER.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.sup1
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• pp.102-108
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• 2008

More children today are overweight or obese than ever before. childhood obesity results from an imbalance between the amount of energy consumed and the amount of energy expended. Whether child want to lose weight or maintain a healthy weight, it's important to balance between the calories body takes in and uses. Obesity treatment programs for children and adolescents is to slow or halt weight gain so the child will grow into his or her body weight over a period of months to years. Fasting or extreme caloric restriction is not advisable for children. More physical activity is a key element in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Children can't change their exercise and eating habits by themselves. They need the help and support of their families and parents. Children and adolescents who are just beginning to be physically active should start out slowly and gradually build to higher levels in order to prevent the risk of injury or feel defeated from unrealistic goals. It is important that children and adolescents are encouraged to be physically active by doing things that interest them. FUN physical activities that kids choose to do on their own are often best. Kids need about 60 minutes of physical activity a day, but this does not have to happen all at once. Several short 10- or even 5-minute periods of activity throughout the day are just as good. FUN physical activities will help them establish an active lifestyle early on. Obese people need care not for a short period, but throughout their lives.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to research the health status of the elderly population and their perception and compliance to cook medicated juk. The results from this research will be used as basic data for medicated juk development. In addition, the purpose of this study was to find a way to popularize the juk and improve their usage as medicated juk in communal feeding and convalescent hospital for elderly. The study surveyed 300 elderly residents of age over 65, in Daejeon. The following data were collected: general characteristic, health status, perception of medicated juk, and preferred kind of juk for cooking. Moreover, the study researched the constraints in cooking the juk. Data were analyzed by SPSS Windows V. 18.0 and t-test verified the differences among the questions, according to frequency analysis of each item and characteristics of the aged. You might want to specify this characteristic. Within the surveyed elderly population, 80.6% had various existing diseases with circulatory diseases being the most prevalent with 68.9%. This emphasizes on the significance of proper diet, but this recognition is not put into practice. The survey also showed that as the individuals age, they tend to care less about the necessity of proper diet. Despite of this lack of perception, 84.5% of the elderly population responded positively to the question, "Would you like to have medicated juk for curing diseases, if such juk is available?" In addition, the elderly population was in favor of developing the juk that helps to prevent and cure diseases, and many were willing to cook them. The reasons behind their will to cook are arranged in the following order: higher efficacy in curing disease than regular juk, excellence in nutrition, and unavailability of the medicated juk in the stores that requires them to cook. The sources constraining the elderly population in cooking are arranged in the following order: not knowing how to cook the juk, lack of physical strength, financial burden, and lack of information order. Please clarify this part. Suggested change: not knowing what medicated juk is. Furthermore, the main obstacle in cooking the juk is lack of cooking technique, followed by inaccessibility to the ingredients and the financial burden to purchase the ingredients.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between bone mineral density and remaining teeth in Korean adults. Methods: Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES) 5th Year 1(2010), 1,985 adults over 50 years old having bone mineral density test were selected. Male adults were 883, and female adults were 1,102. The raw data consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, bone density data, and oral examination data. The questionnaire consisted of general health survey, laboratory examination study, and nutrition study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program for multiple regression analysis, ANOVA, t-test. The variables included general characteristics of the subjects, health behavior, diet habit, and oral health behavior. General characteristics consisted of gender, age, residence area, education level, marital status, monthly income, and vocation. Health behavior consisted of smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index(BMI), physical activity, and mental health. Diet habit consisted of frequency of meal, milk, coffee, and calcium ingestion. Oral health behavior consisted of frequency of tooth brushing, use of oral health care devices, and oral examination. Systemic diseases were measured by the questionnaire for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Bone density was measured in T-score of femoral bone, neck of femur, and lumbar vertebrae. Bone density was classified into normal($T-score{\geq}-1.0$), osteopenia(-2.5 < T-score < -1.0), and osteoporosis ($T-score{\leq}-2.5$). The remaining teeth were measured by the differences between normal teeth and missing teeth. Results: Smoking and age are the most influencing factors on the number of remaining teeth and bone density(p<0.01)(p<0.05). Those who had higher bone density, younger age, and nonsmoker significantly had more remaining teeth. Those who were men, diabetic, lowly educated women, and low birth weighted persons tended to have less number of teeth(p<0.01). Conclusions: The study suggested that there were significant differences between men and women according to the oral health management behavior and systemic disease control. Proper management of the oral health and good quality of bone mineral density can reserve the remaining teeth through the whole life.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.65-86
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• 1990

Living conditions of the rural elderly were assessed in terms of clothing behavior, health and nutritional status, housing and envioronmental condition, and psychological adjustment. The subjects were eighty individuals over sixty residing in the rural community of Iksan-kun, Chollabukdo. The interview method using questionnaires, direct measurement, and observation was used for this study. Data were compared with those obtained from a previous study of the elderly residing in an urban area. Clothing behavior showed that the elderly residing in the rural community were more concerned about plain and conservative design of clothes than their urban counterparts. Special protective clothes for cropdusting with agricultural chemicals had not been prepared. The following urgent needs were pointed out: development and supply of agricultural chemical protective clothing and development and education of appropriate washing and clothing care methods. The health status of the elderly was generally good, but poor eating habits were found more frequently in the rural elderly than among the urban dwellers. Several dietary nutrient intakes were insufficient. Contrasting the urban elderly with the rural group, it was found that the urban group lacked sufficient vitamin A and vitamin C and the urban women had insufficient calorie whereas the rural group was deficient in protein, vitamin A, calorie, and fat. A significant relationship was found between dietary nutrient intake and health index, food habit points, self recognized health status, meal satisfaction, and economic status. Urgent needs of the development of a nutrition education program for the elderly were pointed out. Most of elderly residing in the surveyed rural communities were living alone or with their spouse only, therefore only one room was used among the three or four available rooms. Most of the rural elderly were living either in a traditional Korean house built with differing floor levels or in a modified Korean style house. Minimal modernization had been made for kitchen facilities such as sink and gas range or for heating facilities with the briquette boiler. However, sanitary space such as lavatory and bathroom had not been remodeled. A housing welfare program for rural communities should be implemented at the national level. The comparison of psychological characteristics of the rural elderly with their city counterparts revealed that the rural elderly have a more stable psychological status and optimistic attitude than those living in a city. However, it was found that most of the elderly did not have any future plan. Community programs for the elderly including hobbies or leisure activities or education programs to generate close interpersonal relationships with their children should be developed and provided.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.781-793
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the stress level and health-related behaviors of nurses and to provide basic information for developing educational programs in the health care field. The subjects of this study were 197 nurses and 94 nursing assistants working at hospitals in the Kyung-nam area. A survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire in November, 2002. The results were as follows : The average age and work experience of the subjects were 26.9 and 5.6 years, respectively. The number of respondents in the shift and non-shift operations was equally distributed. The mean height and weight were 161.2 cm and 52.7 kg, respectively. Even though the average body mass index (BMI) and obesity index were normal in the subjects, 9.2% of the subjects were overweight/obese, while 28.9% of the subjects were under weight, according to the obesity index. The mean score of stress was 27.5 \pm$\pm$ 4.6 out of 50 points. Most of the subjects were highly stressed about the amount of their work, problems regarding their future, and relationships with their superiors. With regard to changes in food intake due to stress, 44.1% showed an increased intake, while 32.3% showed a reduced intake. The degree of health consciousness of the married nurses, those over 36 years of age, and those with over 10 years of nursing experience was significantly higher than that of the unmarried nurses, those under 35 years of age, and those with under 10 years of nursing experience (p<0.01). Fifty-one point three percent of the subjects thought their health status was unhealthy. Fifty-seven percent of the subjects had tried weight control. Their main reason for trying weight control was to have a slender figure (62.3%), and their methods of weight control were moderation in intake(45.6%), exercise and dieting (36.9%). TV/radio (49.5%) and newspaper/magazines (47.1%) were the primary sources of nutritional and health information for the subjects, and professional (25.1%) and the internet (13.4%) were ranked relatively highly. The food components of most concern to the subjects during meal time were (in order of importance) fats (51.9%), calories (40.2%) and salt (35.1%). The subjects considered 'taking a rest' (73.5%) as the most important factor in maintaining an optimal health status, followed by self-relaxation (56.4%), moderation in diet (39.5), bathing or using a sauna (25.7%) and exercising (22.7%).