• Food Industry
• /
• s.155
• /
• pp.28-30
• /
• 2000

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.212-219
• /
• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the association between hair mineral levels and nutrient intakes, age, and BMI in female adults who visited a woman's clinic located in Seoul. Dietary intakes were assessed by food frequency questionnaire and mineral levels were measured in collected hairs, and the relationship between these was examined. The average daily nutrient intakes of subjects were compared to those of the KDRIs, and the energy intake status was fair. The average intake of calcium in women of 50 years and over was 91.35% of KDRls and the potassium intake was greatly below the recommended levels in all age groups. In the average hair mineral contents in subjects, calcium and copper exceeded far more than the reference range while selenium was very low with 85.19% of subjects being lower than the reference value. In addition, the concentrations of sodium, potassium, iron, and manganese in the hair were below the reference ranges in over 15% of subjects. The concentrations of sodium, chromium, sulfur, and cadmium in the hair showed positive correlations (P < 0.05) with age, but the hair zinc level showed a negative correlation (P < 0.05) with age. The concentrations of sodium, potassium, chromium, and cadmium in the hair showed positive correlations (P < 0.05) with BMI. Some mineral levels in subjects of this study showed significant correlations with nutrient intakes, but it seems that the hair mineral content is not directly influenced by each mineral intake. As described above, some hair mineral levels in female adults deviated from the normal range, and it is considered that nutritional intervention to control the imbalance of mineral nutrition is required. Also, as some correlations were shown between hair mineral levels and age, BMI, and nutrient intakes, the possibility of utilizing hair mineral analysis for specific purposes in the future is suggested.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.54-64
• /
• 1987

The purpose of this study is to computerize all the necessary information on the daily food value and nutritional status for individuals and groups. In this research, a FOCUS-16jXT (16 bit personal computer ) compatible with IBM-PCjXT was used, and the database files and programs were created by using the dBASEIII package. The food life evaluation system consists of 3 subsystems of Reference, Nutrition Status Assessment and Food Source. The findings are summerized a8 follows: 1. Reference: This subsystem enables users to proceed to the next step, if necessary, by describing each subsystem. 2. Nutrition Status Assessment. 1) Food Habit Assessment: This subsystem determines whether the user has a good food habit or not, based on the answers for ten questions about daily food life. 2) Obesity Assessment: This subsystem calculates Broca index, which is used as a indicator of obesity. 3) Nutrient Intakes: When personal data such as age, sex, weight, height and food consumptions are input, it is possible to calculate the followings. i) Comparison between the amounts intaked and the recommended dietary daily allowances of various nutrients ii) Nutrient intakes from each food group and their composition rates for the nutrients iii) Nutrient intakes per unit body surface area iv) Composition of lipid intake 3. Food Sources: The appropriate food sources for the lacking nutrients will be recommended to the subjects.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.75-94
• /
• 2008

The purposes of this paper are to describe the newly established reference values of nutrient intakes: to apply the changed dietary reference intakes to the new text book based on the revised curriculum: and to contrive substantial contents in the domain of dietary life(foods & nutrition) of new text book. Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans(KDRIs) is newly established reference values of nutrient intakes that are considered necessary to maintain the health of Koreans at the optimal state and to prevent chronic diseases and overnutrition. Unlike previously used Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreas(KRDA), which presented a single reference value for intake of each nutrient, multiple values are set at levels for nutrients to reduce risk of chronic diseases and toxicity as well as prevention of nutrient deficiency. The new KDRIs include the Estimated Average Requirement(EAR), Recommended Intake(RI), Adequate Intake(AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level(UL). The EAR is the daily nutrient intake estimated to meet the requirement of the half of the apparently healthy individuals in a target group and thus is set at the median of the distribution of requirements. The RI is set at two standard deviations above the EAR. The AI is established for nutrients for which existing body of knowledge are inadequate to establish the EAR and RI. The UL is the highest level of daily nutrient intake which is not likely to cause adverse effects for the human health. Age and gender subgroups are established in consideration of physiological characteristics and developmental stages: infancy, toddler, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age. Pregnancy and lactation periods were considered separately and gender is divided after early childhood. Reference heights and weights are from the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards, Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy. The practical application of DRIs to the new books based on the revision in the 7th curriculum is to assess the dietary and nutrient intake as well as to plan a meal. It can be utilized to set an appropriate nutrient goal for the diet as usually eaten and to develop a plan that the individual will consume using a nutrient based food guidance system in the new books based on the revision in the 7th curriculum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.887-891
• /
• 1995

Nutrient intake data collected by both dietary methods of the 24 hour recall method and the food frequency method from 538 middle school students were analysed to investigate any measurement errors occuring while using these methods. Measurement errors were observed both in terms of differences of average intake and consistancy from the two sources of data used. Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to test the differences between the two average intakes and Speraman's rank order correlation coefficient was used to test consistancy. As a result, average intake value estimated from the food frequency method tended to be higher than that from the 24 hour recall method. The degree of overestimation varies from one nutrient to another. For instance, carotene showed not only the most significant differences in average intake but also showed the most incoisistancies between the two sets of data. This may imply the validity of nutrient intake as derived from different dietary survey methods varied from one nutrient to another, therefore the selection of dietary survey methods has to be made more cautiously in the case of certainnutrients.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.833-841
• /
• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was investigation of quality and quantity of nutritional intake related oral health status among Korean elders. Methods : The nutrient intake and the dietary quality was evaluated on the basis of the Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans(KDRIs). Chi-square test for Complex Samples was used to determine the relationship between oral health and inadequate nutrient intake in Korean elders. The complex samples general linear model was used to test difference of average value difference of nutrient intake percentage compared to dietary reference intake(DRI), energy intake rate from three major nutrients, average mean adequacy ratio(MAR) and index of nutritional quality(INQ) related oral health status. Age, sex and total energy intake was compensated for this analysis. PASW 18 was used for statistical analysis. Results : We could found the difference of the nutrient intake and the dietary quality related oral health status among Korean elders. Especially, Nutrient intake percentage and component ratio of protein among energy intake rate from three major nutrient was lower as oral health status became worse. The percentage of subjects with nutritional intakes under showed highest level in worst oral health status. As oral health status became worse, average mean adequacy ratio(MAR) was lower and the number of nutrient of which index of nutritional quality(INQ) was under 1 was more. Conclusions : From the result above, this study clearly shows the level of oral health affecting the inequalities of eating and the food for the people. And the various propose of oral health policies is needed for vulnerable groups who needs solution to solve the problem of inequality of food distribution where intensive distribution of nutrition problem occurred. Sufficient, safe, and a variety of healthy food intake is a fundamental right of our people. And also, to apply this policy in reality, institutional arrangements and organizations, and specific performing system will be needed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.273-280
• /
• 1998

This study was designed to estimate the improvement of Validity for food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) by offering multiple choice portion size in developing a questionnaire. Validity of the two methods(food frequency questionnaire I=FFQ I & Food frequency questionnaire II=FFQ II) was tested in comparison with reference method of the 7-day weighed record(7DWR). Dietary consumption data of the three methods(FFQ I, FFQ II & 7DWR) were collected from 101 female university students for the analysis. Validity was measured in two categories : One was the nutrient intake value from the three methods, the other was the identification of between individual variation within the group. Spearman's rank order correlation test and distribution graphs were used for the analysis. The result showed that individual intake value of the FFQII was closer to that of the 7DWR than that of the FFQ I.Spearman's rank order correlation between the FFQII and the 7DWR did not show any improved correlation. The distribution graphs of nutrient intake derived from both the FFQ I and the FFQII were different from that of the 7DWR. Therefore, it could be suggested that single one portion size food frequency questionnaire is an equally efficient method as a multiple choice food frequency questionnaire to be adopted in epidemiologic studies.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.259-268
• /
• 2007

To measure the proximate composition of fisheries products and to evaluate their nutritional value, we collected individuals from 101 species from the east (Pohang), west (Gunsan), and south (Tongyeong) coasts of Korea: 51 fish species, 32 species of molluscan shellfish (Gastropoda and Bivalvia), 6 species of Cephalopoda, 8 species of Crustacea, and 4 other species. The proximate composition of fish was $75.3{\pm}5.0%\;moisture,\;19.1{\pm}2.7%\;protein,\;3.8{\pm}4.1%\;lipids,\;0.4{\pm}0.3%$ carbohydrates, and $1.4{\pm}0.3%$ ash. The proximate composition of molluscan shellfish was $79.1{\pm}3.2%\;moisture,\;14.2{\pm}3.2%\;protein,\;0.7{\pm}0.6%\;lipids,\;3.9{\pm}1.9%$ carbohydrates, and $2.1{\pm}0.4%$ ash. We observed clear regional variation in the lipid content of some fish species. Specifically, the lipid content of gizzard shad (Clupanodon punctatus) was highest in the autumn, while the lipid contents of red seabream (Pagrus major) and purple pike conger (Muraenesox cinereus) were highest in the winter. The daily average intake of the proximate composition through fisheries products consisted of 11.7 g of protein, 1.9 g of lipids, 1.1 g of carbohydrates, and 1.1 g of ash. The respective intakes of protein, lipids, and carbohydrates from fisheries products were about 19.3, 3.6, and 0.3% of the nutrient reference values set by the Korean Food & Drug Administration. Therefore, fisheries products playa very important role as a source of protein.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.771-784
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to estimate the relationships between dietary factors and the stress perception levels of College students. A survey was conducted in June, 2010, targeting 332 college students in Gwangju. General environmental factors, stress perception levels, dietary behaviors, and dietary action guide performance of the subjects were evaluated by questionnaire, and food intakes was determined by the 24-hour recall method. The results are summarized as follows.: The score of frequency experiencing was $45.1{\pm}16.9$ for male students, and $47.0{\pm}16.7$ for female students. The importance scores were $50.8{\pm}18.5$ for males, and $53.3{\pm}18.7$ for females. The total score for dietary action guide performance was $39.6{\pm}7.2$ for males and $40.6{\pm}6.5$ for females. Nutrient intake levels were evaluated based on dietary reference intake (DRI), revealing energy intakes to be 68.5% EER in males and 73.9% in females. The mean intakes of nutrient were 54.2% RI for calcium, 73.6% RI for riboflavin, and 51.2% RI for vitamin C but 203.6% AI for sodium, which indicates an imbalance in nutrient intake. Analysis of the correlations between stress perception levels and dietary factors, scholarship achievements, financial problems, future problems, value senses, and family relationships revealed significant correlations with general environment factors, dietary behaviors, Dietary action guide performance, and nutrient intakes (p<0.05). The higher the stress perception levels of the students, the higher the energy, coffee and alcohol intake, which predicts that appropriate stress control in college students will lead to better dietary habits. It is expected that the results above will be used as basic data for the development of proper nutrition education programs and stress control strategies.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.426-440
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The valid assessment of food and nutrients intakes using appropriate dietary intake method is necessary to improve the nutritional status of the hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study was conducted to compare the method between newly developed, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (Semi-FFQ) and 7-day dietary records (7-DRs) for hemodialysis patients. Methods: We conducted both methods on 53 maintenance HD patients in two university hospitals. We calibrated the frequency, portion size and daily intake of 47 food items reported in Semi-FFQ. The food and nutrients intake was compared and the correlation of the two methods was analyzed. Also each nutrient intake was compared to recommended dietary allowance for Korean (KDRIs) and recommended nutrient reference value for HD patients. Results: Energy and energy-yielding nutrients intakes were significantly higher in the two methods (p<0.01). These support the possible reliability between Semi-FFQ and 7-DRs that is similar with regard to most mineral and vitamin intakes. Thus, the Semi-FFQ used in this study for the assessment of nutrient intakes of HD patients can be reliable for the assessment of the nutrient intake along with the 7-DRs. The correlation coefficients were higher for foods consumed daily, such as steamed rice, meat and chicken, bean, egg, milk, coffee and alcohol than for those of foods eaten rarely (p<0.01). Conclusions: The Semi-FFQ used in this study can be a reliable tool for the assessment of the HD patients' nutrient intake along with the 7-DRs, despite its limitations.