• 약학회지
• /
• 제12권3_4호
• /
• pp.76-84
• /
• 1968

When 19-hydroxycholesterol acetate was added into CSD-10 in Nutrient Broth or in a mineral salts medium consisting of KH$_{2}$PO$_{4}$(0.1%), $K_{2}$HPO$_{4}$(0.1%), NH$_{4}$NO$_{3}$(0.1%), MgSO$_{4}$(0.02%), CaCl$_{2}$(0.002%), and FeCl$_{3}$(0.005%), a substantial amount of 19-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione was accumulated prior to accumulation of estrone. From this result and all of previous works, a tentative degradation pathway of 19-hydroxycholesterol acetate to estrone by CSD-10 was derived. 19-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione seems to be an attractive intermediate for the synthesis of 19-norsteroids.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제27권7호
• /
• pp.1331-1335
• /
• 2017

In this study, the feasibility of introducing calcite-forming bacteria into concrete pavements to improve their mechanical performance was investigated. Lysinibacillus sphaericus WJ-8, which was isolated in a previous study and is capable of exhibiting high urease activity and calcite production, was used. When analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction, WJ-8 showed a significant amount of calcite precipitation. The compressive strength of cement mortar mixed with WJ-8 cells and nutrient medium (urea with calcium lactate) increased by 10% compared with that of the controls. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analyses confirmed that the increase in strength was due to the calcite formed by the WJ-8 cells.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제80권4호
• /
• pp.436-444
• /
• 1991

이 연구(硏究)는 참나무류(類) 목재(木材)(수피(樹皮)포함)를 핀칩(pinchip)과 톱밥으로 만들어 이용(利用)하므로 목재 이용율(利用率)을 80%이상으로 활용할 수 있으며 이것에 표고버섯균의 활성(活性)을 조장(助長)시켜 버섯을 보다 효율적(效率的)으로 증수(增收)하고 가축(家畜)의 조사료(粗飼料)로 버섯재배 폐잔사(廢殘査)를 볏짚과 대체가능성(代替可能性)을 조사(調査) 연구(硏究)한 것이다. 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 참나무류 칩을 이용한 버섯재배에서 버섯의 품질(品質)을 높이는 방법(方法)으로 유기산(有機酸)(탄닌산, 구연산)을 배양기(培養基)에 첨가(添加)하는 것은 균사발율(菌絲發育)과 품질(品質)에 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 참나무류 칩이나 톱밥 재배는 종균(種菌) 접종(接種) 후(後) 6개월부터 제1차기 버섯수확(收穫)이 가능하면서 품질(品質)에서도 각처리구간(各處理區間)에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 목재(木材)의 조단백질 함양은 0.7%인데 버섯재배 잔사는 1.82-4.55%까지 향상되었으며 총가소화(總可消化) 영양소율(營養素率)도 버섯재배잔사는 44.0-46.0%로 향상되어 볏짚 48.0%와 유의차(有意差)가 없었다. 4. 잔사중에 함유된 필수아미노산 함량을 조사한 바, 탄닌산처리 핀칩 및 톱밥잔사는 methionine이 그리고 무처리 핀칩 및 톱밥잔사의 경우는 isoleucine, phenylalanine, lysine 등이 비교구에 비하여 증가하였다. 반면에 threonine, valine, arginine 등은 비교구에 비하여 감소 추세였으며 특히 폐골목에서는 더욱 심한 현상을 보여주었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.307-314
• /
• 2011

동충하초는 예로부터 아시아권에서 한방약재로 사용되어 온 곤충병원성진균이다. 이 중 노린재동충하초(Cordyceps nutans)는 자연 상태에서 비교적 많이 발견되나 이에 대한 연구가 미미한 편이다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 C. nutans 균사체의 최적 배양 조건을 확립하고 배양액 처치 시대식세포의 NO (nitric oxide) 생성 억제 효능을 조사하였다. 균사 생육 적정 온도는 $25^{\circ}C$이었으며 pH는 7.0~8.0 사이의 중성범위로 조사되었다. MCM (mushroom complete medium), V8A (V8 juice agar), YMD (yeast malt dextrose) 배지에서는 균사 생육이 우수하였으나 MMM (mushroom minimal medium) 배지의 경우 균사 생육이 이루어지지 않아 영양원이 필수적이었다. 영양원 선발에 있어 탄소원은 dextrose와 sucrose가 적합하였고 질소원은 ammonium citrate가 균사 생장에 적합하였다. RAW 264.7 세포에 대한 C. nutans 배양액의 세포 독성은 나타나지 않았으며 LPS (lipopolysaccharide)를 처리 한 세포의 NO 생성량은 농도 의존적으로 줄어들었다. 따라서 본 실험 결과는 C. nutans 배양 시 다량의 균사체를 확보할 수 있는 최적 조건을 제공할 뿐 아니라 C. nutans의 항염 관련 우수한 생리 활성이 있음을 보여준다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.213-217
• /
• 2000

기내에서 무균적으로 생장시킨 오이 유묘의 경단조직과 하배축을 배양하여 캘러스 분화 및 생장에 대해 조사했다. 오이 경단조직을 생장조절물질이 첨가하지 않은 배지에서는 유식 물체로 분화하였으나 2,4-D가 0.5∼2 mg/L 첨가된 MS배지에서는 비배발생캘러스와 점액성캘러스가 유도되었고 배발생 캘러스는 분화되지 않았다. 그러나 유묘 육성시 암조건에서 발아 후 5∼7일 된 개체의 하배축을 5∼10mm크기로 절단하여 2,4-D가 1.0 mg/L이 첨가된 MS배지에 50일간 광조건에서 배양했을 때에는 배발생캘러스와 배상체가 분화되었다. 아울러 하배축 유래 비배발생캘러스 중 백색캘러스는 45.1％가 발근된 반면에, 노랑색캘러스는 불과 0.6%만 발근되었으며. 조단백질의 함량은 백색캘러스보다 노랑색캘러스가 월등히 많았다. 배발생캘러스와 배상체에서 발달된 소식물체는 순화과정을 거쳐 비닐하우스 내의 고형배지경에서 양액재배로 정상적인 과실을 수확하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.38-48
• /
• 2019

Background: Interspecific ginseng hybrid, Panax ginseng ${\times}$ Panax quenquifolius (Pgq) has vigorous growth and produces larger roots than its parents. However, F1 progenies are complete male sterile. Plant tissue culture technology can circumvent the issue and propagate the hybrid. Methods: Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations (0, 2, 4, and 6 mg/L) of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was used for callus induction and somatic embryogenesis (SE). The embryos, after culturing on $GA_3$ supplemented medium, were transferred to hormone free 1/2 Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium. The developed taproots with dormant buds were treated with $GA_3$ to break the bud dormancy, and transferred to soil. Hybrid Pgq plants were verified by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analyses and by LC-IT-TOF-MS. Results: We conducted a comparative study of somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Pgq and its parents, and attempted to establish the soil transfer of in vitro propagated Pgq tap roots. The Pgq explants showed higher rate of embryogenesis (~56% at 2 mg/L 2,4-D concentration) as well as higher number of embryos per explants (~7 at the same 2,4-D concentration) compared to its either parents. The germinated embryos, after culturing on $GA_3$ supplemented medium, were transferred to hormone free 1/2 SH medium to support the continued growth and kept until nutrient depletion induced senescence (NuDIS) of leaf defoliation occurred (4 months). By that time, thickened tap roots with well-developed lateral roots and dormant buds were obtained. All Pgq tap roots pretreated with 20 mg/L $GA_3$ for at least a week produced new shoots after soil transfer. We selected the discriminatory RAPD and ISSR markers to find the interspecific ginseng hybrid among its parents. The $F_1$ hybrid (Pgq) contained species specific 2 ginsenosides (ginsenoside Rf in P. ginseng and pseudoginsenosides $F_{11}$ in P. quinquefolius), and higher amount of other ginsenosides than its parents. Conclusion: Micropropagation of interspecific hybrid ginseng can give an opportunity for continuous production of plants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.686-693
• /
• 2009

A 21- to 42-day feeding study was conducted in Ross male broilers to evaluate the use of dried bakery product (DBP) and the influence of adding fat at different points in the manufacturing process. Six dietary treatments were formulated using a factorial arrangement (3${\times}$2 design) with three levels of fat in the mixer (high: 4.8%, medium: 3.8% and low: 2.8%) with or without DBP (0 and 7%). Additional fat was sprayed on pellets in a post-pelleting liquid application to bring the fat content to a similar level in all diets. Data on pellet quality (before and after post-pelleting fat addition), broiler performance, nutrient digestibility and organ weights were studied. Pellets made with DBP showed higher hardness values when measured before post-pelleting fat addition (p<0.001), although DBP did not affect final pellet hardness or durability. Higher post-pelleting hardness and durability were shown by diets to which a lower level of fat had been added in the mixer (p<0.001). In general, post-pelleting fat application improved durability (p<0.05). However, broiler performance and ileal digestibility were not affected by any of the factors tested. Dietary treatments had a significant but variable effect on carcass yield (p<0.01), although there were no differences among treatments regarding breast and leg yield, abdominal fat or organ weights. The results indicate that up to 7% DBP could be used in the broiler diet without impairing performance, ileal digestibility or organ weights. The place or point of fat addition in the manufacturing process has a strong influence on pellet quality.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.254-261
• /
• 2005

The over-expression of Bcl-2 has greatly improved the culture period, specific growth rate, and maximum viable cell density of NS0 cells culture under low serum condition. Further analysis of these data suggests that a saturation model of the Monod type can be used to represent the relationships of specific growth rate and initial serum concentration. The ${\mu}_{max}$ and $K_s$ for the Bcl-2 cell line is $0.927day^{-1}\;and\;0.947\%(v/v)$ respectively, which are $21\%$ greate and $7\%$ lower respectively than its control counterpart. Study on the amino acid supplementation revealed that Bcl-2 cell lines possess greater improvement in the specific growth rate and maximum viable cell density compared to the control cell lines. A further increase in the amino acid supplementation has resulted a $17\%$ decrease in specific growth rate and no improvement in maximum viable cell density in the control culture. However, the Bcl-2 cell line exhibited a better growth characteristic in this culture condition compared to that of control cell lines. The higher specific growth rate and maximum viable cell density of the Bcl-2 cell line in medium fortified with serum and MEM EM suggested a more efficient nutrient metabolism compared to that in the control cell line. The low serum and amino acid utilisation rate and the higher cell yield may prove to be important in the development of serum/protein free culture.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.98-108
• /
• 2007

본 실험은 음식물류 폐기물을 돼지발효사료로 만들기 위해 공기주입과 보조용양원으로 돼지혈분의 이용에 대해 알아보았다. 발효용 종모균주로는 돼지의 내장에서 분리한 유산균인 Lactobacillus brevis와 딸기에서 분리한 효모인 Saccharomyces cerevisiae가 이용되었다. 배지원료로는 당밀과 유청이 효모엑스와 함께 사용되었다. 실험결과 공기주입은 생균수를 높여주었고 사멸기를 저지하는 효과를 보였다. 보조 영양원으로 돈혈분이 효모엑스를 대치할 경우에도 생균수의 변화는 거의 없었다. 종모발효액은 상온에서 저장할 경우 1주일간 Lactobacillus brevis와 Saccharomyces cerevisiae생균수가 모두 8 log cfu/mL대를 유지했다. 종모발효액이 음식물류 폐기물과 혼합될 경우 이틀 뒤부터는 잡균이 증가되기 시작했으나 5일 이내에는 E.coli가 검출되지 않았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.391-397
• /
• 1997

Six medium-framed steers, fitted with ruminal cannulas, were utilized in a $6{\times}6$ Latin square design with a $3{\times}2$ arrangement of treatments to determine the effects of sorghum hybrid and grain supplementation on nutrient digestibilities and passage rates and ruminal metabolism of silage-based diets fed to growing steers. The diets consisted of three wholes-plant silages (a high grain-containing, grain sorghum and middle-season, moderate grain-containing, and late-season, low grain-containing forage sorghums), each fed with or without 25% rolled grain sorghum. No significant interactions occurred between sorghum hybrid and grain supplementation for the digestion or passage rate criteria measured. Ruminal butyrate concentration was the only fermentation characteristic affected by a hybrid ${\times}$ grain supplementation interaction. The grain sorghum silage diets had the highest DM, OM, and ADF digestibilities; the late-season silage diets, the lowest. Digestibility of NDF tended to be highest (p < 0.10) for the grain sorghum silage, whereas starch digestibility was not affected by sorghum hybrid. Ruminal ammonia, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total VFA concentrations were highest for the grain sorghum silage diets. Grain supplementation increased DM and OM digestibilities, but had no effect on digestibilities of NDF, ADF, and starch. Ruminal pH was decreased, but total VFA concentration and acetate : propionate ratio were not affected by grain supplementation.