• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.197-208
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the current statistics of professional medical support staffs(PMSSs) working in general hospitals with less than 500 beds. Methods: This study was conducted on 35 general hospitals with less than 500 beds from September 11th to October 27th, 2017. Results: Four hundred fifty one PMSSs were currently providing medical support. The number of clinical nurse experts was the highest among the roles, followed by Physician Assistants(PA) and Advanced Practice Nurses. The mean job satisfaction score was 3.07 out of 5. In the case of PA group, most of the delegated prescriptions were performed, however the delegated roles were not much documented in written format. The paucity of documentation requires a development of a committee for PMSSs, including a development of selection criteria and a scope of practice in each institution. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested the composition of a committee for PMSSs in the medical institutions and renaming the specified titles of PMSSs.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.54-61
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial characteristics of residential and nursing units in large skilled nursing facilities for the elderly that were located in city areas, and to discuss the way for efficient unit care. For collecting the data, the researcher visited 6 facilities to make explorations and to interview the staff concerned. Most of the research facilities had systematic residential units that each unit basically had elderly private rooms and the spaces for small group. The number of elderly residents per unit was appropriate for the limit which was suggested by Kwon(2002), but the sizes of small group spaces were smaller than the standard limit($1.62m^{2}$ per resident). The nursing units were made up of nursing station, 2-4 residential units, spaces for large group of residents, hair dressing, nurse, living assistants, bathing, storage and etc. Some of them had problem in efficiency of space use because they did not have distinct usage. In conclusion, this study suggests that each floor has one nursing unit including 40 residents maximum and each nursing unit consists of 2-3 residential units that have 20 residents maximum per unit. In each residential unit, the furniture and spaces for efficient unit-care should be arranged, such as TV, dining table, kitchenette, bathroom, and rooms for living assistants. The hall type is better for the small group so that it has a transitional characteristic leading to the public spaces. The large group space needs to have clear usage such as conducting program differentiated from small group, and various furniture such as sofa, TV, table, and etc which encourage the elderly voluntary use.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.351-360
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• 2020

This study was designed to develop an online education program of elderly care service for the senior caregivers. Online survey was conducted senior caregivers who attended K cyber university from November 28, to December 15, 2019. Data were analyzed using chi-square, ANOVA and post test by scheffe method. The results showed that needs of the online education program for senior caregivers were significantly higher than nursing assistants. Social workers were significantly higher than the nursing assistants in the elderly care service online education demand. In terms of performance, 'understanding and counseling for the elderly' and 'practice of the elderly play program' were social workers, senior caregivers and nursing assistants. In conclusion, it is necessary to develop a specialized online education contents for each group according to the necessity of elderly professional care and the demand of online education for elderly care service.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.176-185
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of job stress, emotional labor, and positive psychological capital on the job satisfaction of physician assistants (PAs). Methods: The sample consisted of 166 PAs working in general hospitals in B city, Y city, and C city. Data were analyzed through the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program using t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Results: The factors of job stress (${\beta}=-.488$, p<.001), positive psychological capital (${\beta}=.188$, p=.004), and total clinical career (${\beta}=-.147$, p=.014) had the greatest influence on the level of job satisfaction experienced by the PAs. The total explanatory power was 49.9%. Conclusion: It was found that job stress, positive psychological capital, and total clinical career were influencing factors in the job satisfaction of PAs. Therefore, to improve their job satisfaction, it is necessary to develop strategies to manage the job stress experienced by PAs, and to strengthen and develop positive psychological capital.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.280-295
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• 1998

This study examines attitudes among nursing student, attitudes that give direction in life and effect the decision-making process when seeking employment. The exigency of which derives from the need to design a proper guidance program to assist students in their search for employment. Data was collected from a survey conducted between November 20 and November 25, 1995, the respondants of which were 120 nursing students without jobs. The data was analyzed by examining frequency, percentage, average, Chi-square, one-way ANOVA and t-test through an SPSS $PC^+$ program. The results of the study can be summarized as follows : 1) There are positive relationship between a student's academic major and employment(So responded 84.3% of the subjects with only 2.5% claiming that his major didn't matter). 2) Students believe that 'good jobs' are secured through aptitude. 'Good jobs' are seen as ones which develop an individuals abilities and which offer the opportunity for advancement. However they do not believe that 'good Jobs' contribute to society 3) Students have not been supplied the proper guidance and information necessary for finding employment. The student's life research institude, professor and assistants provide Insufficient information and counseling. Personal goals are decisive factors in determining what direction a student may take as well as the kind of employment he will seek. However, advice from parents, siblings, friends, alumni, professors, assistants and counselors is also considered. 4) Students do not think it reasonable to base their career decisions on one factor only(33.9% responded that aptitude and personal interests were the most important factor, and 14.9% that income was the key determinant). 5) Location and size of the hospital are important considerations when choosing a job. There is a preference for larger hospitals. 6) A lack of stability and few opportunities for advancement are perceived as the primary reasons for the possibility of leaving one's job.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.589-603
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• 1992

This study investigated a process to estimate the need for nursing staff on the basis of a patient elassification system and the required care needs and activities. The investigation was carried out in the following four steps. Step 1. Patients were classified according to the amount of nursing care need on each shift as class I (mildly ill), class II (mederately ill), class III (acutely ill), and class IV (critically ill). Step 2. Measurement of the direct nursing care hours needed for each patient class, and measurement of indirect nursing care hourse and personal time of the nursing staff. Step 3. Calculation of he total nursing workload in a nursing unit. Step 4. Estimation of the nursing staff needed. The investigation was carried out from July 17th to 30th, during 24hours every other day. The subjects were the patients and the nursing staff on two units of Seoul National University Hospital, Korea. Some of the results from the investigation are as follows : 1) Distribution of patient classification On the neuro surgical (N.S.), the distribution was class I, 22 patient, 3, class II, 27 patients, class III, 26 patients, and class IV, 25 patients, For the orthopedic surgical unit(0.5.), it was class I, 43 patients, class II, 43 patients, class III, patients, and class IV, 3 patients. 2) Direct nursing care hours per day On the N.S. unit, 3.2 hours of direct nursing care were needed for class I, 3.9 hours for class II, 5.1 hours of class III, and 6.2 hours for class IV patients, while 2.0 hours for class I, 2.5 hours for class II, 3.5 hours for class III, 5.0 hours class IV patients were needed on the 0.5. units. 3) Analysis of direct nursing care activities Activities were classified into assessment and observation(47%), medication(38.7%), communiontion(5.1%), exercise(2.4%), elimination and irrigation(1.3%), treatmemt(1.1%), hygiene(0.8%), nutrition(0.8%), and hot and cold compress(0.1%). 4) Average hours of indirect nursing care per day. On the N.S. unit 4.2 hours, and on the O.S. unit, 3.5 hours of RN indirect care was needed. 5) The average personal time used by the of nursing staff was 17 minutes for both RNs and nursing assistants in the N.S. unit, and 32 minutes for both RNs and nursing assistants in the O.S. unit. 6) Estimation of nursing staff needed on two specialized units of a university hospital For the N.S. nursing unit of 43 beds, 31 nursing staff would be indicated. For the 0.5. nursing unit of the same number of beds, 19 nursing staff would be indicated.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.362-370
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• 2010

Purpose: In this study the present status of the practicum in Fundamentals of Nursing and test for student competency in nursing skills were surveyed. Method: Participants included 72 nursing schools. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and SPSS 17.0 for data analysis. Results: Credits for Fundamentals of Nursing, credits for practicum and hours per credit were 2.93, 7.34, and 2.14 respectively. Number of students per practice unit, full time assistants and students per assistant were 28.6, 0.6, and 20.2 respectively. Utilization of CPX room and OSCE room for practice was 5.6%, and 9.7% respectively. Of the school, 32.0% included clinical practice in the practicum. 90.3% provided an open lab but only 48.4% had full-time assistants for these clinical practice areas. Testing for nursing skill competency was performed twice a semester in most schools. Utilization of standard patients and high fidelity models for testing was 8.3%, and 23.6% respectively. The test was thought to be inappropriate in 33.4% of the schools. Conclusions: The results suggest that to improve the outcomes, the practicum for Fundamentals of Nursing needs to be changed to include expansion of facilities and human resources, utilization of standard patients and high fidelity models and development of appropriate test methods.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.283-293
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define cost-countable perioperative nursing activities and to analyze the cost of each nursing activities based on the Resource-Based Relative Value Scale (RBRVS). Method: Researcher and 3 research assistants observed and documented the 83 operating patients in order to measure nursing time for each of the perioperative nursing activities. And then, 35 operating room nurses with at least one year of perioperative nursing experience were observed for the RBRVS of perioperative nursing activities. Finally, the direct and indirect nursing costs were estimated. Result: Nursing costs of 25 nursing activities were estimated using the RBRVS. Most expensive nursing activities were delivery of the instrument and implement for OP team (9,780 won per hour) and behavior of wash, pack, disinfect the instrument (6,770). Conclusion: Based on the relative values of each perioperative nursing activities estimated in this study, proper medical reimbursement system should be established in a near future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2019

Background: Quality ratings could provide vital information to help people in choosing a nursing home. Purpose: This study investigated factors aligned with quality ratings of nursing homes. Methods: We employed a cross-sectional descriptive design to assess publicly available data on 1,354 nursing homes with 30 or more beds in the Republic of Korea. After excluding 289 nursing homes with no reported quality-evaluation ratings, we analyzed the 2015 data of 1,065 nursing homes. To prevent multicollinearity among independent variables, we carefully selected the final set of variables based on clinical and theoretical meaningfulness to direct nursing care. Quality, the ordinal outcome, was scored from 1 to 5 with a higher score indicating higher quality of the organization. We constructed a multivariate ordered logistic regression model. Results: Higher quality ratings of nursing homes was significantly related to the number of unoccupied beds (OR=0.99, p=.024), registered nurses (RNs) (OR=1.30, p=.003), qualified care workers (OR=1.03, p=.011), cognitive-improvement programs (OR=1.05, p=.024), and other programs for residents' activities (OR=1.09, p<.001). Conclusion: The number of RNs had the strongest influence on the publicly reported quality rating, while the rating of qualified care workers demonstrated little effect and that of nursing assistants had no effect. The number of RNs could be used as a crucial indicator for high-quality homes; more resident-engaging programs also demonstrated better quality of nursing home care.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2009

The number of nurses per bed at acute-stage hospitals is quite low in Korea compared with other OECD countries. In order to prevent the degradation of the quality of inpatient nursing services due to insufficient nurse staffs, the national health insurance introduced the differentiated nursing care fee system. This did not work as a motive for inducing the employment of nursing staff due to insufficient cost compensation. Because of insufficient nursing staff, family members have to stay with the patient or patients have to hire a personal care attendant. This increases the burden and cost to families. For the activation of hospitals without guardians, there should be policies for raising additional nursing staff such as standardizing jobs among nursing staff, particularly between nurses and nursing assistants, setting adequate standards of staffing in nursing according to medical service, substantiating the cost of nursing under the differentiated nursing care fee system, improving the medical fee system of hospitals without guardians including health insurance payment, supplying nursing staff stably through improving their working conditions such as providing child rearing services and salary increase, clarifying the qualification of personal care attendants working at acute.stage hospitals, developing indexes for assessing the quality of nursing care services, and monitoring for the management of uniform quality.