• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 1998

To investigate effects of organic matter application on heavy metal uptake of infant rice seeding, the various amount of organic matter(peat and $Bio-com^{(R)}$)was applied on Cd or Cu treated nursery bed soil. No growth difference was observed up to 20mg/kg of Cu treatment. Above 20mg/kg of Cu treatment, the seeding height and top dry weight were decreased but the Cu uptake by seeding was increased with increasing Cu treatment level. The mat formation was poor above 20mg/kg of Cu treatment, however, the seeding peat application level. All peat treatment resulted better mat formation than control. The seeding height and top dry increasing Cd treatment level. The mat formation was not effected by either Cd treatment level or organic matter sources. The effect of peat and $Bio-com{(R)}$ application on Cd uptake by infant rice seeding was not observed at all Cd treatments level.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 1988

Yields of ginseng seedlings and cultivation methods were investigated in 29 Ban-Yang-Jik (semimodified soil) nurseries to obtain some information about the production of ginseng seedling. The average number of available seedlings (useful for transplanting in the main field) per Kan ($180{\times}90$ cm) was 362. The percentage of available seedlings to the total seedlings harvested (rate of available seedlings) was 45 %. Although there were severe variations in the numbers and rates of available seedlings among the nurseries surveyed, the number of available seedlings were reduced due to both the short weighted and poor shaped (obese shape with poor root development) seedlings. The number of poor shaped seedlings was negatively correlated with height of seed-bed and frequencies of irrigation. Quadratic relations were noticed between rate of available seedling and heights of front post and rear post of shade. On the other hand, negative correlation was recognized between rate of available seedling and breadth of shade, but positive correlation was noted between rate of available seedling and frequencies of irrigation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 1980

Twin-bud seedlings and four-leaflet seedlings of ginseng were found and transplanted to field and their growth characteristics were investigated. 1. Appearance frequencies of twin-bud and four-leaflet seedlings were 0.3 and 0.4 percent, respectively, in common nursery bed: and were 6.6 and 28.4 percent, respectively, in polystem line. 2. Generally, the growth of twin.bud and four-leaflet seedlings were better than those of common seedlings both in aerial part and in root. Root weights of both type seedlings exceeded the common ones by 66 and 38 percent, respectively. 3. When they became two-year-old plants, leafiet number of common plant was 11.6, and those of twin-bud and four-leaflet-seedling plants were 18.1 and 13.8, respectively. There were no inflorescence in twin-bud-seedling plant, but the ratios of in florescent Plant in four-leaflet.seedling and common plant were 44.0 and 12.5 percent, respectively. 4. In two-year-old plant, root weights of twin-bud and four-leaflet-seedling plants were heavier than those of common ones by 27 and 20 percent, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1978

In order to investigate the difference of rootability between 15 clones of Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa selected based on the growth performance, rooting of cutting experiments with these 15 clones were conducted at the nursery for six years from 1970 to 1975. Cutting experiments in a temperature controlled incubator in which the temperature of the cutting bed were set to $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ were also performed. Along with these experiments air layering experiments were performed to compare with the rootabilities obtained from nursery trial. The results obtained so far could be summarized as follows. 1. The best rooting clones were 65-22-4 and 65-22-11, and the average rooting percentages of these two clones for six years were 76.7%, and 72.9% respectively. The poorest rooting clone was 66-6-8 showing average rooting percentage of 45.8%. 2. The middle class of rooting percentage was ocuppied by the clones; 66-14-29, 66-14-93, 66-25-5 and 67-6-3, and the range of their rooting percentage was 60~69% on average. 3. The rooting performances observed through the nursery, the incubator and the air layering experiments were almost the same with exception of few clones. 4. P. alba${\times}$glandulosa showed the best rooting percentage at the cutting bed of $20^{\circ}C$ 5. The most roots, i.e. 78.5% of root per cutting were developed from the bottom part of the cutting shoot. 6. Adventitious and call use roots could observe in the cuttings.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.s02
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• pp.66-80
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• 1989

Salt injury in rice is caused mainly by the salinity in soil and in the irrigated water, and occasionaly by salinity delivered through typhoon from the sea. The salt concentration of rice plants increased with higher salinity in the soil of the rice growing. The climatic conditions, high temperature and solar radiation and dry conditions promote the salt absorption of rice plant in saline soil. The higher salt accumulation in the rice plant generally reduces the root activity and inhibits the absorption of minerals of rice plant, resulting the reduction of photosynthesis. The salt damages of rice plant, however, are different from different growth stage of rice plants as follows: 1. Germination of rice seed was slightly delayed up to 1.0％ of salt concentration and remarkably at 1. 5％, but none of rice seeds were germinated at 2.5％. This may be due to the delayed water uptake of rice seeds and the inhibition of enzyme activity, 2. It was enable to establish rice seedlings at seed bed by 0.2％ of salt concentration with some reduction of leaf elongation. The increasing of 0.3％ salt concentration caused to the seedling death with varietal differences, but most of seedlings were death at 0.4％ with no varietal differences. 3. Seedlings grown at the nursery over 0.1％ salt, gradually reduced in rooting activity after transplanting according to increasing the salt concentration from 0.1％ up to 0.3％ of paddy field. However, the seedlings grown in normal seed bed showed no difference in rooting between varieties up to 0.1％ but significantly different at 0.3％ between varieties, but greatly reduced at 0.5％ and died at last in paddy after transplanting. 4. At panicle initiation stage, rice plant delayed in heading by salt damage, at meiotic stage reduced in grains and its filling rate due to inhibition of glume and pollen developing, and salt damage at heading stage and till 3 weeks after heading caused to reduction of fertilization and ripening rate. In viewpoint of agricultural policy the overcoming strategy for salt injury is to secure sufficient water source. Irrigation and drainage systems as well as underground drainage is necessary to desalinize more effectively. This must be the most effective and positive way except cost. By cultural practice, growing the salt tolerant variety with high population could increase yield. The intermittent irrigation and fresh water flooding especially at transplanting and from panicle initiation to heading stage, the most sensitive to salt injury, is important to reduce the salt content in saline soil. During the off-cropping season, plough and rotavation with flooding followed by drainage, or submersion and drainage with groove could improve the desalinization. Increase of nitrogen fertilizer with more split application, and soil improvement by lime, organic matter and forign soil addition, could increase the rice yield. Shift of trans-planting is one of the way to escape from the salt injury.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2022

This study was carried out to investigate the proper wattage and installation distance for the efficient use of nano-carbon fiber infrared heating lamp (NCFIHL), a heating device advantageous for heating energy saving, when the production of watermelon plug seedlings in the plug seedling nursery in winter season. Six small beds were divided into plastic film, and 700 W and 900 W nano-carbon fiber infrared heating lamps were installed at 100 cm above the bed. 1 lamp at central (control), 60 cm interval (2 lamps), and 40 cm interval (3 lamps) heating lamps were installed in each bed inside the greenhouse. All treatments, except the control, were set to keep the night air temperature at 20℃ after lighting the NCFIHL. The leaf temperature showed a tendency to increase fast as the install distance was narrow. The leaf length and leaf width tended to increase as the installation distance of the 700 W heating lamp was narrow. The compactness was high in 700 W heating lamp with 40 cm of installation distance. Therefore, in consideration of maintaining the set temperature at night, installing 700 W electric lamps at 40 cm was an efficient power and installation distance for watermelon grafted seedlings considering economic feasibility.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 2006

Trichoderma harzianum YC459 (Th 459), isolated from sawdust compost, was effective in controlling cucumber and tomato gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea under controlled and plastic film tunnel conditions. A water suspension of the wettable powder formulation of Th 459 significantly $(P\leq0.05)$ reduced the severity of cucumber gray mold by foliar spraying at all tested concentrations from $10^5\;to\;10^8$ colony forming unit (cfu)/ml in repeated experiments. The control efficacy was maintained at least seven days with the average control value of 70% in cucumber pot tests. Mixing one to eight grams of the granular formulation ($10^8cfu/g$ dry weight) of Th 459 into one liter nursery potting mix at seeding also significantly $(P\leq0.05)$ reduced the severity of cucumber gray mold by suppression of lesion formation three weeks after treatment. Application of mixing granular formulation at seeding in combination with foliar spraying during cultivation provided a more significant reduction $(P\leq0.05)$ of cucumber gray mold than granule mixing or leaf spray alone. The foliar spraying of the formulated wettable powder of Th 459 significantly $(P\leq0.05)$ reduced the infection of tomato fruits by B. cinerea as effective as the chemical fungicide, dichlofluanid, in three plastic film tunnel experiment trials. It is suggested that effective control of gray mold of cucumber and tomato can be provided by both treatment of Th 459 into potting mix and foliar spray through induction of systemic resistance and direct inhibition of the pathogen.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.212-219
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• 2012

An experiment was set to understand the seedlings growth and nodulation capabilities of five potentially important leguminous agroforestry tree species of Bangladesh in response to application of organic fertilizer. Study was carried out in nursery bed on the seedlings of Acacia mangium Willd., Acacia hybrid, Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth, Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. after sowing their seeds in polybags filled with different medium. Farmyard manure or decomposed cow dung was applied as the source of organic fertilizer with other potting media. The growth and nodulation performance of seedlings of the selected species were measured three moths after the first seed was emerged. The different soil: organic manure ratios' used during the experiment were, 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1. The effects of organic fertilizer on growth and nodulation were compared to that of seedlings grown in control. The results revealed a positive correlation between seedling growth and the different doses of organic fertilization (i.e. seedling growth was enhanced significantly with different treatments containing higher proportion of organic fertilizer). In few cases a negative effect was observed after applying higher levels of organic manure. It was also apparent that the nodulation in terms of nodule number and size was inhibited significantly by the application of organic fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 1985

In order to develop the nutrient material for growing plants, tobacco leaf debris (T.L.D) that is a residual product of cigarette processing was carbonated at about 50% of its weight and neutralized its alkalinity by nitric and phosphoric acid. This material ($T.L.D+3N-HNO_3+1N-H_3PO_4$ (10:1:1), as a consequence, contained 4.1% of nitrogen, 2.1% of phosphte, and 6.6% of potassium in value of about pH 7. It was very effective on seedling growth to apply 1 Kg of nutrient material per 110 1 of bed soil as basic dressing because of containing not only quick-acting nitrate but also slow-releasing organo-nitrogen and sufficient potassium.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.290-295
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• 2002

Fertilizer granulation test was carried out by a small pan granulator. A premixture composed of SOP 60%, urea 22% and RP powder 18% was rolled in the pan granulator while 10% phosphoric acid solution(binder) was sprayed on the rolling powder bed. Granules were developed very fast along with a little amount of binder. Hardness, brittle ratio in water and hygroscopicity of granules were improved enough to evaluate physical properties of the fertilizer. Growth responses of tobacco plant to the fertilizer were investigated at seedling and flowering stage by pot experiment under plastic film roof. Seedlings showed poor growth at nursery pot cell. In virgin soil with deficient available phosphate tobacco plant showed poor growth until budding and flowering stage but good growth in tillage soil with high cumulative phosphate.