• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.85-100
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• 2011

We were to investigate the geomorphological environment of optimum location in the object of Bronze Age's dwelling site (hereinafter called dwelling site) of total of 205 units confirmed in the 'Cheonan Baekseokdong Relic Group' distributed in hill of the uppermost stream part in the watershed of Jangjae stream in Cheonan, Chungnam Province. To do this, we classified the hill of the object of investigation where dwelling sites were distributed as 8 units of slope micro-landforms and again by combining them with the grade of gradient of 5 units subdivided them into ultra-micro-landforms of total 40 units. On the foundation of this, in the viewpoints of 'gradients of each of micro-landforms' analyzed the 'number of dwelling sites' and 'dwelling site distribution density (measure: number of dwelling sites/1000m²) of 'Cheonan Baekseokdong Relic Group'. As the result, the optimum landform environment where the dwelling sites were located were found to be largely 5 units of ultra-micro-landforms - ① flat land of crest flat, ② gentle slope land of crest flat, ③ flat land of crest slope, ④ gentle slope land of crest slope and ⑤ semi-gentle slope land of crest slope. This analyzed material will be used from now on as basic material which can predict the distribution of dwelling sites of Bronze Age men who dwelled in the watershed of Jangjae stream.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-80
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• 2011

This is to find out geomorphological environment of optimum location for the object of dwelling site of Bronze Age (hereinafter called dwelling site) of total 177 unit confirmed in Yongducheon basin and Onyangcheon basin (hereinafter called investigation-object basin) in Asan-si Chungnam. To do this, hill of investigation-object basin where dwelling sites were confirmed was divided into 11 units of hillslope geomorphological and this was combined with the grade of 5 units of gradient and again subdivided into total 55 units of micro-landforms of Hillslope. Based on this, in the viewpoint of 'gradient of each of micro-landforms' analyzed 'number of dwelling sites' and 'dwelling site distribution density (unit: number of dwelling sites/1000m2)'. As the result, the optimum geomorphological environment where dwelling sites were located was largely confirmed be 5 units(① semi-gentle slope land of crest slope ②gentle slope land of crest slope ③ slope of upper sideslope ④ flat land of crest slope ⑤ flat land of crest flat). It is thought that this analysis data will be used in the future as basic data for the study of predicting distribution of dwelling sites in Bronze Age which might have been buried in the investigation-object basin.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.101-122
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• 1994

This paper is one of the sequels from 'A Survey of Villages and Dwellings of Korean Immigrants in the North-Eastern Part of China'. It is the result of the extensive survey of Ch'ang-ts'ai-tsun village and covers several architectural characteristics of the dwellings. This paper alma to identify the 'double file' dwelling type, which is believed as one of the main stream of Korean folk dwelling. In this type, 'Chung-ju-kan' forms the central open space, where main household functions are carried out. This type originates from climatic reasons and functional reasons as well. This paper also aims to clarify how the dwelling forms are changed according to the life styles of various periods. The Korean immigrants in this village have experienced rapid changes in modern times like other Chinese. Through various political movements, the original dwelling type of this village has changed to adapt various needs and functions, which shows the simple truth : dwelling form changes according to the changes of life style and social structure. In this paper the directions of chimney through various periods are analyzed to verify the differences of the house layout methods and concepts of the time. The village had grown through 3 main periods before liberation period(1946), communization period(1946 - 1966) and contemporary period (1967 - ). It is concluded as follows: 1. The village was originated in late 19th century along the east-west street, which was a major routes of Korean Immigrants to China. In this area there was no regularity in its site plan. The direction of chimney, which was usually westward, was not determined according to the location of gate. This type was kept until liberization of this area, 1946. The plans of dwellings followed Ham-kyong-do 'double file' dwelling type, '6-kan dwelling' or '8-kan dwelling'. 2. The 'New Village' area, which was formed in the communization period, has a strict regularity in its site plan. The direction of chimney was determined as opposite direction of the gate. This method was maintained until 1976, when Mao died and new 'open' policy was held by Chinese government. In this area the 'dwelling house' plan type was not changed, but its layout and size were restricted. The general form of the dwelling in this village was shaped in this period. 3. The contemporary dwellings were built in random site location. The dwelling type was changed because of the reduction of family size and the permissin of private ownership. The number of rooms was reduced but the storage rooms and domestic animal hutches were added. But the 'Chung-ju-kan', the major chacteristics of north-eastern Korea dwelling is still kept. It becomes one large 'Chtin-ju-kan' room like 'open plan' type.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.85-97
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the remodeling effectiveness on old town in Songpa-Gu, Macheon-Dong in the point of elderly living. Methods : Main research method is interview with older residents living in Macheon-Dong. The surveyed district of old town is divided into two groups, one is experimental group and the other is control group. The interviews have been conducted two times; before the remodeling(September, 2017) and after the remodeling(May, 2019). Total number of questionnaire is about 400. Correlation analysis, T-test, regression analysis have been used for the interpretation of collected data. Results : The number of accident and road confusion of older residents in experimental group have been decreased after remodeling. Most preferred space is resting area, and older residents considers convenience and practicality as more important. 47.7% of respondents have evaluated dwelling site as good after remodeling. Implication : This study sends a meaningful message in that remodeling effect of old town has been analyzed quantitatively and dwelling area regeneration project of old town is positive for the improvement of dwelling environment.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify the change of geographical (or geomorphological) location environment of the dwelling site and its cause in Daejon Basin during transition from the Bronze Age to the Proto Three Kingdoms Period. In order to achieve this goal, it was divided into (1) 'comparison of the total number of dwelling sites of a group of remains (or high-density dwelling remains)' and (2) 'comparison of the total number of dwelling sites in certain remains including locations of dwelling of two periods' and location environment was compared to each other in aspects of altitude, gradient, 'distance from the river of water available for use' and 'the difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use' based on change of period. The results were as follows: 1. looking at a change of individual factors, the altitude was elevated and the gradient was increased. The distance from the river of water available for use was decreased or increased in case of 'small scale river' and it was very little difference or increased in case of 'medium scale river'. The difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use was increased in case of 'small scale river' and it was increased or decreased in case of 'medium scale river'. If comparing the individual factors to each other, the increase and decrease of altitude, gradient and the difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use have the similar pattern. Especially, it was shown that the increase of gradient affected the increase of altitude and the difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use. In addition, it was shown that the increase and decrease of distance from the river of water available for use had the different pattern from those of altitude, gradient and 'the difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use'. 3. With above results, it was thought that combination of micro landform characteristics (eg. Characteristics of gradient) of low hills distributed within Daejeon Basin and rich aquatic environment surrounding the low hills affected the selection of location of dwelling sites at the time. Especially, it was shown that 'gradient and distance from the river of water available for use' were relatively more important factors for the inhabitants at the time to select the location of dwelling sites compared to 'altitude and difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use' upon selecting the location of dwelling.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.35-44
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• 2004

In Korea, the apartment buildings have been constructed recently in large quantities to provide housing due to the gravitation of population towards large cities. However, because of this trend toward high-rise apartment, a number of problems are occurred such as the deterioration of comfort in the dwelling environment and the lack of solar access right in apartment buildings. In the building law, the sunshine hour and the minimal separated distance between apartment buildings as regulated as the criteria for the site planning. Most of site planners, however, designed the apartment site only following minimum separated distance. As a result, the problem of sunshine hours lack is caused and legal dispute concerning solar access right is also arisen. The purpose of this study is to improve solar access right regulation and to help site design of apartment planning. Accordingly, we execute empirical analysis based on computer simulation in order to find suitable separated distance between typically designed apartment buildings. First, we estimated sunshine hours according to independent building orientation, height, and length. Second, we calculated sunshine hours in various case of apartment arrangement; parallel type, courtyard type, tower type and etc. with various separated distance.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 1992

The objective of this study is to determine the ignition feasibility of a single shot, air-assisted gasoline fuel injector operated in a constant volume combustion chamber under atmospheric condition. A number of parameters has been selected for this experiments, such as dwelling time, spark gap position(r,z), spark electrode geometry, supplied air and fuel masses and spray cone deflector angle. On-site visual inspection of the instantaneous flame glow was chosen as one way to judge the successful ignition. In addition, chamber pressure and occasional photography were mobilized as for data recording. It was clearly observed that there was an entrainment air-fuel mixture toward spray axis from the spray formation and its development later on. The optimum ignition conditions were found for those parameters given above.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2014

Little is known about foraging and roosting habitat of tree-roosting bats in Korea. In the present study, we studied on characteristics of foraging and roosting habitats by Ikonnikov's whiskered bats (Myotis ikonnikovi) in the South Korea, using trapping and radiotelemetry. We captured the bats at 15 sites during nights (foraging times) using mist-nets. Based on characteristic analyses of forests within a radius 500 m from each capture site, forests of M. ikonnikovi habitat are similar characteristics to the old-growth forests. They foraged at forests dominated by boradleaf stands which are older than than 30-year-old and thicker than 20 cm in diameter at breast height (DBH). We used radio-transmitters to locate and characterize day-roosts of Myotis ikonnikovi, and totally the roost use patterns of three bats were surveyed. They roosted in trees (both live and dead) with exfoliating bark, extensive vertical cracks, or cavities, and thier roosting sites were located about 500 m from the initial capture location. The bats had a number of roost in a short-distance, some used new roost every day and the same roost sometimes were used repeatedly. To increase the diversity of the tree-dwelling bats including Myotis ikonnikovi, management practices that the higher food and roost availablility can be sustained in forests are needed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.604-614
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• 2022

This study analyzed habitat status of barn swallows within 800 m and changes in potential food resource occurrence for 63 nests (Seocheon 23, Sejong 40) where barn swallows breeding was confirmed in Seocheon and Sejong in 2019 and 2020. As a result of checking habitat compositions of barn swallows in the study area, Sejong showed more varieties of habitat types than Seocheon, showing a larger number of dominant groups. Such large number of dominant groups was found to be an advantageous habitat factor for producing flying insects as potential food resources for barn swallows. As for the production of potential food resources, Seocheon had the highest production in dwelling and stream and Sejong had the highest production in the stream. The production of potential food resources differed in production season by habitat type. This study analyzed compositions of the habitat around the breeding site of swallows. It provides basic data necessary for protecting barn swallow habitats by comparing the production timing and production volume of potential food resources occurring in the habitat.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.325-336
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• 1996

Community organization of the drosophilid flies was investigated with respect to the seasonal variation in species abundance and vertical microdistribution on the basis of the trapped collections in the two natural forests on Cheju-do from May to October 1994. The dominant species were Drosophila bizonata, D. curviceps, D. lutescens, D. angu leris, D. tsigana and D. immigrans in the annual collections. The pattern in seasonal changes of the dominant species was similar at the two survey sites. Seasonal fluctuation in the species diversity was more affected by evenness than by species richness (number of species). The seasonal variation of abundance showed an unimodal pattern in all of the dominant species. The seasonal patterns of vertical microdistribution revealed difference in some of the dominant species between the two survey sites. These results suggest that the predominant species in the forest avoid niche overlap by means of seasonal separation of breedings and that the vertical microdistribution is strongly affected by factors associated with season and vertical site in the deep wooded forests.